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The  C-ral'ton   1 


THE      POEMS      OF 

JOHN  CLEVELAND 

Annotated  and  correctly  printed  for  the  first  time 
with  Biographical  and  Historical  Introductions  by 

JOHN      M.     BERDAN,Ph.   D. 


THE   GRAFTON   PRESS 

NEW  YORK 


Copyright  igo?. 

By  THE  GRAFTON  PRESS 

First  Impression  October,  199} 


P  P  LIBRARY 

->  -^  !-0  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA" 

-^  SANTA  BARBARA 

■  r? 

1303 

PREFACE 

THIS  edition  was  originally  undertaken  as  a 
thesis  for  the  doctorate  degree  at  Yale  Uni- 
versity. It  has  been  completely  revised 
and  rewritten,  but  some  innocent,  yet  mortifying, 
juvenilities  may  have  escaped  the  exorcising  scissors. 
Annotations  are  rendered  necessary  by  the  temporal 
character  of  many  of  the  allusions,  but  I  have  en- 
deavored to  confine  them  to  those  difficulties  in  the 
text  which  may  trouble  the  average  reader.  Some 
references  have  still  eluded  my  search,  and  I  shall 
be  very  grateful  to  any  one  whose  reading,  more  in- 
clusive than  mine,  will  enable  me  to  interpret  the  ob- 
scurities which  remain.  In  a  work  which  has  ex- 
tended over  so  long  a  period  of  time  and  which  has 
been  interrupted  so  often,  it  is  too  much  to  dare  hope 
that  there  will  not  be  gross  errors.  I  trust  that  these 
will  be  reasonably  few  and  that  they  will  not  seriously 
interfere  with  the  understanding  of  the  author. 

As  originally  this  was  a  thesis,  surely  it  is  un- 
necessary to  acknowledge  my  indebtedness  to  the 
English  Faculty  at  Yale,  but  I  wish  to  express  my 
sense  of  their  great  kindness  and  consideration.  In 
particular  I  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  Prof.  William 


L,  Phelps  and  Prof.  Henry  A.  Beers ;  this  edition 
was  undertaken  at  the  suggestion  of  the  first  and  it 
was  aided  at  every  point  by  the  profound  and  sub- 
tle scholarship  of  the  second.  I  also  must  state  em- 
phatically my  obligation  to  ]Mr.  ]Marshall  C.  Lcf- 
fcrts;  when  he  gave  me  access  to  his  fine  private  col- 
lections in  this  period,  he  rendered  this  work  of  mine 
possible.  It  remains  in  conclusion  to  gratefully  ac- 
knowledge the  efforts  of  my  wife  and  my  sister  in 
having  read  the  proofs. 

J.  M.  B. 
Middle  Bass. 


CONTENTS 

PART  L— NON-POLITICAL  POEMS  OF  THE  1677 
EDITION. 

PAGE 

Introduction, 9 

Fuscara,  or  the  Bee  Errant, 63 

To  the  State  of  Love, 66 

To  Julia  to  Expedite  Her  Promise, 70 

The  Hecatomb  to  His  ^listress, 73 

The    Antipiatonic, 78 

Upon  Phillis  Walking  in  a  Morning  before  Sun-rising,      .  80 

To  Mrs.  K.  T., 83 

A  Fair  Nymph  Scorning  a  Black  Boy  Courting  Her,     .     .  85 

A  Young  Man  to  an  Old  Woman  Courting  Him,  ...  87 
Upon  a  Miser  Who  Made  a  Great  Feast,  and  the  Next 

Day  Died   for  Grief, 90 

Upon  an  Hermaphrodite, 94 

The  Author  to  His   Hermaphrodite 97 

On  the  Memory  of  Mr.  Edward   King,  Drowned   in  the 

Irish  Seas, lOQ 

Mark   Antony,       103 

The  Author's  Mock  Song  to  Mark  Antony,         104 

How  the  Commencement  Grows  New, 106 

Square  Cap, 109 

Upon    Princess   Elizabeth,    Born   the    Night    before   New 

Year's  Day 112 


PART  II.— POLITICAL  POEMS. 

Historical   Introduction, 115 

A   Dialogue   between    Two   Zealots   upon   the   &c.    in   the 

Oath,         119 

Smectymnuus,  or  the  Club-Divines, 123 

Upon  the  King's  Return  to  Scotland, 127 

Rupertisraus, 130 

Upon  Sir  Thomas  Martin,    . 139 


PAGE 

The  Mixed  Assembly, 142 

The  Rebel  Scot, 1*6 

An  Elepy  upon  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  .         ...  151 

The  Hue  and  Cry  after  Sir  John  Presbyter, 154 

The  General  Eclipse, 158 

The  King's  Disguise, 160 

PART  III.— POEMS  ATTRIBUTED  TO  CLEVELAND  BY 

MODERN  SCHOLARS,  NOT  IN  THE 

EDITION  OF  1677. 

Introduction, 169 

Mr.  Cleveland's  Reply  from  Belvoir  to  the  Three  Newark 

Poets,       .      ..." 174 

An  Elegy  on  Ben  Jonson, 175 

To  the  Memory  of  Ben  Jonson, 176 

Ode  to  Ben  Jonson,  upon  His  Ode  to  Himself,     ....  177 

The  Scot's  Apostasy, 181 

An  Epitaph  on  the  Earl  of  Strafford 184 

The  Definition  of  a  Protector, 185 

On  Black   Eyes, 186 

News  from  Newcastle, 187 

Upon  Tom  of  Christ  Church 193 

An  Elctry  upon   King  Charles  the  First,  Murdered   Pub- 

lickly  by  His  Subjects, 195 

Notes 201 

Appendix  A. — The  More  Ancient  Genealogy  of  Cleveland,  243 

Aj)pendix    B. — Genealogy, 244 

Appendix  C. — Contents  of  the   Various   Editions  of  the 

Poems, 246 

Appendix  D. — Editions  of  Cleveland's  Works,     ....  248 

Appendix  E.— Marvell's  Reply  to  "The  Rebel  Scot,"  .    .  257 


PART        ONE 

NON-POLITICAL    POEMS 
OF    THE    1677    EDITION 


INTHODUCTION 

"This  eminent  poet,  the  wit  of  our  age."  These 
are  the  words  with  which  Winstanley,  writing  in  1687, 
begins  his  hfe  of  John  Cleveland.  To-day  they 
sound  ironical.  In  the  passing  of  the  centuries  there 
have  been  so  many  poets  contemporaneously  eminent, 
and  there  are  so  few  who  still  command  our  interest. 
Cleveland  has  not  been  one  of  these, — in  his  own  time 
more  famous  than  his  brothers,  to-day  forgotten  even 
by  the  text-books.  His  only  claim  on  the  general 
student  lies  in  the  supposed  fact  that  he  is  the  fore- 
runner of  Butler,  but  there  are  intelligent  people  even 
now  to  whom  the  name  "Hudibras"  suggests  but 
little.  It  is  the  belief  of  the  present  editor 
that  the  poems  of  John  Cleveland  merit  very  careful 
attention  on  the  part  of  those  who  wish  to  understand 
the  so-called  metaphysical  school.  The  very  fact  that 
he  has  been  so  utterly  forgotten  is  but  the  result  of 
his  former  popularity ;  he  suited  his  age  so  com- 
pletely, he  so  thoroughly  expressed  its  convictions 
and  its  aims,  that  no  other  time  has  turned  to  him  for 
sympathy.  Robert  Bell,  in  1839,  accused  him,  say- 
ing that  "he  was  carried  away  by  the  current  of  ex- 
citement; and,  like  many  others,  he  sacrificed  to  party 
what  was  meant  for  mankind."  For  the  student  of 
to-day,  therein  lies  his  especial  value.  This  is  seen 
at  once  by  comparing  him  with  his  contemporary, 

9 


INTRODUCTION 

Milton.  In  the  popular  manner  Milton  condescended 
to  write  but  two  poems ;  consequently  the  second  edi- 
tion of  the  "Minor  Poems"  followed  the  first  after  so 
long  an  interval  as  thirty-eight  years.  During 
this  same  period  there  were  at  least  twenty-odd 
editions  of  Cleveland.  Literature,  like  every  other 
commodity,  is  governed  by  the  laws  of  supply  and 
demand;  therefore  the  selling  power  of  a  book  in 
a  given  age  gauges  the  success  of  its  presentation  of 
the  feelings  and  thoughts  of  the  age.  Milton  wrote 
for  all  time,  Cleveland  for  his  own  time.  But  from 
this  very  fact  it  follows  that  to  understand  the  litera- 
ture of  the  reign  of  King  Charles,  it  is  Cleveland  that 
should  be  read,  and  not  Milton.  This  edition  is 
brought  forth  in  the  belief  that  Cleveland  is  the  last 
and  most  characteristic  poet  of  the  "metaphysical 
school." 

There  are  two  distinct  points  of  view  from  which 
the  works  of  a  poet  may  be  regarded.  The  first  is 
the  older  and  the  more  popular.  Here  the  reader 
passes  in  review  the  whole  body  of  literature  and  se- 
lects such  poets  and  poems  as  may  individually  appeal 
to  him;  an  anthology  is  a  perfectly  frank  statement 
of  personal  preference,  and  its  value  depends  upon 
the  personality  of  the  compiler.  The  other  view  is 
held,  not  by  the  general  reader,  but  by  the  student. 
During  the  last  fifty  years  and  correlating  with  the 
great  advance  in  the  sciences,  there  has  been  made  an 
effort  more  and  more  pronounced  to  treat  literature, 
not  as  the  sporadic  output  of  unrelated  individuals, 
but  as  an  "organism,"  to  deal  with  it  "scientifically." 

10 


INTRODUCTION 

Intellectual  comprehension  is  substituted  for  aesthetic 
appreciation ;  and  literary  history  becomes  a  series  of 
phenomena  which  must  be  explained.  One  of  the 
most  distinctive  of  these  is  the  existence  in  the  first  half 
of  the  seventeenth  century  of  the  school  so  unhappily 
called  by  Dr.  Johnson  the  "metaphysical  school." 
Metaphysical  they  are  not,  even  by  his  own  definition 
of  the  word,  but  the  condemnation  of  a  critic  who 
neither  appreciated  nor  understood  them  has  been 
sufficient  to  remove  them  from  the  beaten  track  of 
scholarship.  Yet  Cleveland  was  the  most  popular 
poet  of  his  time,  and  whether  we  like,  or  dislike,  the 
manner  in  which  he  wrote^  the  fact  remains  that  he 
did  satisfy  the  conditions  of  his  own  time,  and,  there- 
fore, is  well  worth  the  attention  of  those  who  are  try- 
ing to  understand  the  literary  situation  after  the  death 
of  Shakespeare.     Now  for  his  life. 

In  the  Year  of  Our  Lord  sixteen  hundred  and 
eleven,  when  the  First  Parliament  of  King  James 
dared  to  express  an  interest  in  its  own  religious  af- 
fairs (and  thereby  promptly  met  with  dissolution), 
the  rector  of  the  parish  church  of  Loughborough, 
Leicestershire,  was  one  John  Browne  the  elder,  and  his 
assistant,  Thomas  Cleiveland,  or  Cleaveland.  Nich- 
ols, the  antiquary,  says  that  he  always  wrote  his  name 
"Cleiveland,"  but  the  register  in  Loughborough  uses 
the  "a"  form.  As  in  the  case  of  John,  his  once  fa- 
mous son,  he  seems  to  have  liked  variety.  The  family 
was  of  Anglo-Saxon  origin  and  its  earlier  members 
owned  considerable  landed  property  in  the  North 
Riding  of  Yorkshire,  taking  the  name,  indeed,  from 

11 


INTRODUCTION 

tlic  district  near  Gisburne  and  Whitby,  now  called 
Cleveland,  but  originally  clive-land,  the  land  of 
steeps.  In  the  earlier  times  every  possible  variety  of 
spelling  is  to  be  found  (cf.  App.  A.),  and  in  the  va- 
rious editions  of  John's  poems  there  are  three  forms. 
Nichols  gives  "Cleiveland,"  and  he  is  followed  in  the 
last  century  by  Bishop  Percy,  and  in  this,  by  J.  W. 
Ebsworth  and  Mr.  J.  E.  B.  Mayor.  The  1677  edi- 
tion, the  authoritative  one,  which  was  issued  by  his 
pupils.  Bishop  Lake  and  Di'.  Drake,  consistently  uses 
"Clieveland" ;  the  manuscript  record  of  St.  John's, 
Cambridge,  about  equally  employ's  "Cleivland"  and 
"Clieveland," — the  "Cleiveland"  form  occurring  only 
once,  and  then  erased.  On  tlic  other  hand,  in  the 
published  copies  of  both  the  "Jonsonus  Virbius"  and 
the  "Verses  to  the  Memor}^  of  Edward  King"  the  sig- 
nature is  John  Cleveland.  As,  to  my  knowledge,  there 
are  none  of  his  autographs  in  existence,  and  as  he 
certainly  would  be  particular  in  publications  of 
which  he  may  have  been  one  of  the  principal  instiga- 
tors, it  seems  to  me  that  the  authority  for  the  simplest 
spelling  is  equally  good,  and  that  is  the  form  which  I 
shall  use. 

Thomas  Cleveland,  then,  in  1611,  had  been  an 
alumnus  of  St.  John's,  Cambridge,  but  three  years. 
In  this  interval  he  had  taken  to  himself  a  wife,  Eliza- 
bctli.  of  whom  nothing  is  known  but  that  she  died  in 
Hinckley,  1649.  With  a  family  to  support,  he  in- 
creased his  income  by  acting  as  assistant  to  John 
Dawson  in  the  "Burton's  Grammar  School."  A  fif- 
teenth-century  merchant,   Thomas   Burton,   had   left 

12 


INTRODUCTION 

lands  for  a  pious  purpose,  part  of  the  income  of 
Avhich,  in  1569,  was  appropriated  to  the  foundation 
of  a  school.  From  the  accounts  kept  by  the  bridge- 
master,  who  was  also  the  financial  officer  of  the  School, 
we  see  that  Mr.  Dawson's  salary  was  £12  13s.  6d.  and 
that  he  could  not  hold  other  prefennent.  From  the 
same  accounts  I  extract,  "Item,  paid  to  Mr,  Cleavc- 
land  (usher),  Simon  Mudd's  legacy e,  due  as  before 
(i.  e.,  half  yearly),  XLs."  There  seems  to  be  no 
record  of  what  the  other  assistant,  Woodmansley,  re- 
ceived. Thomas  Cleveland,  on  the  assistant's  salary 
plus  the  £4  from  Burton's,  raised  his  family.  His 
first  child,  Mary,  was  baptized  October  17,  1611,  only 
to  be  buried  two  days  after.  John,  the  eldest  son, 
was  baptized  June  20,  1613,  and  while  at  Loughbor- 
ough three  other  children,  Margaret,  August  27, 
1615,  Thomas,  July  5,  1618,  and  Joseph,  June  4, 
1620,  were  added  to  the  famil}'.  We  next  hear  of 
him  as  taking  his  M.A.  in  1614.  Evidently  he  was 
an  ambitious  and  capable  Yorkshireman,  as  in  1621 
he  was  presented  to  the  vicarage  of  Hinckley,  with 
the  rectory  of  Stoke  and  the  chaplainship  of  Dad- 
lington  annexed.  The  rest  of  his  life  may  be  summed 
up  in  a  few  words.  He  was  dispossessed  by  the  Parlia- 
ment in  1644  and  eight  years  after  was  buried  in 
Hinckley,  October  26 ;  "was  a  very  worthy  person  and 
of  a  most  exemplary  life." 

This  removal  to  Hinckley  was  an  important  event 
in  the  life  of  our  poet.  Not  only,  it  may  be  assumed 
that  the  increased  income  gave  certain  physical  ad- 
vantages which  are  so  important  to  the  growing  boy, 

13 


INTRODUCTION 

but  his  father  placed  his  education  In  the  care  of 
Kichard  Vines,  a  remarkable  and  characteristic  fig- 
ure. Fuller  says  of  him :  "...  he  was  never  given 
to  any  extravagancy.  Hence  he  was  chosen  School- 
master of  Hinckley  in  this  County  (i.e.,  Leicester- 
shire), a  Profession  wherein  many  a  good  Minister 
hath  been  (and  it  is  a  pity  that  any  but  a  good  man 
should  be)  iniploycd.  .  .  .  An  excellent  Preacher, 
skillful  to  cut  out  doctrines  in  their  true  shape,  natur- 
ally raised,  to  show  them  up  with  strong  stitches; 
substantially  proved,  and  set  them  with  advantage  on 
such  backs,  who  should  wear  them  effectually  applied. 
.  .  .  The  champion  of  their  party  (i.e.,  the  Puri- 
tans), therefore  called  their  Luther.  .  .  .  His  Maj- 
esty, though  of  a  different  judgment,  valued  him  for 
his  ingenuity,  seldom  speaking  unto  him  without 
touching  (if  not  moving)  his  hat.  Which  by  Master 
A'ines  was  returned  (though  otherwise  blunt  and  un- 
observant) with  most  respectful  Language  and  ges- 
tures. .  .  .  He  was  most  charitably  moderate,"  etc. 
The  influence  of  such  a  man  on  young  Cleveland  must 
have  been  very  great;  although  curiously  his  pupil 
took  the  other  side  in  the  approaching  conflict  and 
was  as  strong  a  Royalist  as  Vines  himself  was  a  Pres- 
byterian. But  in  other  respects  he  was  an  attentive 
student  who  gained  "the  heaving  of  his  natural  fancy 
by  choicest  elegancies  in  Latin  and  Greek,  more  ele- 
gantly Englished,  (an  exercise  he  improved  much 
by,)"  and  "was  early  ripe  for  the  University,  who 
was  one."  Before  we  leave  Hinckley  and  the  Cleve- 
land family,  it  is  necessary  to  add  that  during  this 

14 


INTRODUCTION 

period  and  the  years  Immediately  subsequent,  five 
more  children  were  born  to  his  father.  For  an  ac- 
count of  these  and  their  descendants,  see;  the  gene- 
alogical table,  App.  B. 

"September  4,  1627 — John  Cleveland,  native  of 
Loughborough  in  Leicestershire,  son  of  Thomas,  in- 
structed In  letters  at  Hinckley  under  Mr.  Vines,  aged 
fifteen  years,  was  admitted  a  lesser  pensioner  under 
Mr.  Siddall."  This  is  the  record  of  Christ's, 
Cambridge,  as  quoted  by  Professor  Masson.  Obvi- 
ously at  that  time  he  was  not  "aged  fifteen  years," 
but  he  was  In  his  fifteenth  year.  Why  he  went  to 
Christ's  and  not  to  his  father's  college  of  St.  John's, 
I  cannot  determine.  Mr.  Siddall  was  the  second  in 
the  order  of  the  Fellows,  but  he  is  not  a  distinct  figure 
like  Richard  Vines.  From  the  autobiography  of  Sir 
Siraonds  D'Ewes,  it  Is  to  be  inferred  that  the  approx- 
imate expense  of  the  lesser  pensioner  was  £50  a  year, 
a  sum  equivalent  to  three  or  four  times  that  amount 
in  our  modern  coinage.  So  his  father  must  have 
been  in  very  comfortable  circumstances  If  he  could 
afford  to  spend  that  amount  on  his  son's  education 
and  to  support  his  large  family  at  the  same  time. 

The  next  fifteen  years  approximately  were  spent  at 
Cambridge.  Richard  Vines  must  have  done  his  work 
well,  as  in  September,  1629,  Cleveland  was  chosen  to 
deliver  the  Latin  welcome  to  the  Earl  of  Holland, 
Chancellor  of  the  University,  and  the  French  Am- 
bassador with  his  suite,  among  whom  was  Rubens. 
In  his  "Life  of  Milton"  Professor  Masson  tells  us: 

"Probably  it  was  according  to  custom  to  choose  one 

15 


INTRODUCTION 

of  the  youngest  students  in  the  College.  At  all 
events,  the  honor  fell  to  Siddall's  pupil,  j'oung  Jack 
Cleveland,  who  had  then  just  finished  his  first  year  at 
College,  and  was  not  over  sixteen.  The  brief  speech 
which  the  sprightly  lad  did  deliver  may  be  found 
among  his  works,  as  subsequently  published.  Such 
is  the  splendor  of  the  two  august  presences  then  in 
Christ's  College,  he  says,  that,  if  one  of  the  sun-wor- 
shipping Persians  were  there  to  look,  he  would  think 
there  were  two  suns  in  the  heaven,  and  would  divide 
his  sacrifice !  A  few  more  such  compliments  complete 
the  speech,  the  sense  of  which  is  poor  enough,  and 
the  Latin  none  of  the  most  classical.  Milton,  had  the 
task  been  appointed  to  him,  would  have  performed  it 
much  better."  I  regret  that  I  am  compelled  to  dif- 
fer from  this  last  statement.  Why  does  he  try  to  add 
Cleveland's  ewe-lamb  to  Milton's  fold.''  As  a  matter 
of  fact,  Cleveland  here  shows  for  the  first  time  that 
delightful  characteristic  which  never  left  him,  the 
ability  to  speak  gracefully  when  there  was  nothing  to 
be  said. 

At  some  time,  probably,  towards  the  close  of  his  un- 
dergraduate course,  Cleveland,  like  Milton,  officiated 
as  "Father"  of  the  Cambridge  revels.  We  have  two 
of  the  pieces  spoken  by  him  on  that  occasion,  "Oratio 
habita  in  Scholis  Pubhcis  cum  Patris  officio  fun- 
geretur"  and  "Actus  primi  scena  secunda."  The  ex- 
act nature  of  this  ceremonial  is  undetermined.  Evi- 
dently one  was  chosen  as  the  "Father"  and  a  number 
of  others  as  his  "Sons,"  and  then  they  acted  some 

burlesque  on  the  college  life  or  curriculum.     Each 

16 


INTRODUCTION 

author  has  two  pieces  of  this  curious  nature  so  that  a 
comparison  is  almost  involuntary.  It  is  to  be  remem- 
bered that  unless  it  be  of  the  very  best  quality  of  At- 
tic salt,  a  joke  loses  much  of  its  savor  in  the  course 
of  three  hundred  years ;  neither,  therefore,  to  the 
modern  reader  seems  very  funny.  This  variety  of 
composition  requires  a  lightness  of  touch,  and  Milton 
does  not  gain  by  the  comparison.  His  piece  de  re- 
sistance in  the  feast  of  laughter  was  to  call  his 
"Sons,"  not  by  ludicrous  names  producing  a  comic 
effect,  but  after  the  ten  categories  of  Aristotle.  His 
work  is  too  ponderous,  too  egotistic,  and  too  long;  it 
is  too  evidently  a  tour  de  force.  Cleveland,  on  the 
other  hand,  is  rather  clever ;  he  puns  on  the  idea  of  his 
being  a  "Father"  to  liis  seniors.  It  is  chiefly  re- 
markable from  the  fact  that  he  defends  modern  litera- 
ture; "the  later  ages  have  gained,  and  not  become 
bankrupt."  However,  Cleveland  at  his  best  is  not  a 
thinker ;  his  popularity  was  rather  due  to  the  brilliant 
expression  which  he  gave  to  common  convictions. 

Then  as  now,  four  years  of  study  were  required 
for  the  degree  of  B.A.  The  instruction  was  usually 
given  to  the  student  in  his  own  college,  but  the  uni- 
versity was  represented  by  lectures  in  the  "public 
schools,"  and  it  was  before  these  that  the  candidate 
had  to  prove  liis  worthiness  by  holding  two  "respon- 
sions"  defending  a  moral  or  metaphysical  proposi- 
tion, and  two  "opponencies"  attacking  those  of  other 
candidates.  The  only  example  of  these  is  the  "Ora- 
tio  in  Scholis  Publicis  habita  cum  junior  Baccalaureus 

in  Tripodem  disputaret  Cantab.,"  a  graceful  intro- 

IT 


INTRODUCTION 

duction  to  tlic  mock  strife  which  should  follow.  No 
record  exists  as  to  his  success  in  these  exercises  ex- 
cept the  entry  in  the  college  books  that  his  degree  was 
awarded  him  in  1631. 

Probabl}'  for  the  next  three  years  he  remained  a 
student  of  Christ's.  Of  these  years  there  is  not  a 
trace  in  the  records.  But  on  March  27,  1634,  Baker 
enters  his  election  to  the  Hebblethwaite  Fellowship  in 
his  father's  college  of  St.  John's.  This  Fellowship 
was  founded  May  1,  1589,  31  Eliz.,  the  entry  read- 
ing: "The  foundation  of  a  Fellowshippe  and  twoe 
Schollerships  by  Henrie  Heblethwayte  citizen  of 
London.  ...  By  will  dated  27  June,  1587,  H.  H. 
devised  £500  to  the  Coll.  for  the  purchase  of  lands 
and  tenements  towards  the  maintenance  of  poor  and 
fricmllcss  scholars  of  the  Coll.  esp.  such  as  shall  come 
out  of  Sedburghe  School  ...  in  default  of  these 
last,  (a  list  of  preferences  has  been  given),  any  whom 
the  Coll.  shall  think  fit  and  worthy" ;  the  Fellows  and 
Scholars  to  "enjoye  meate  drinke  wages  chamber- 
roume  easments  priviledges  liberties  preferrements 
profits"  etc. ;  also  "all  that  allowance  for  commons  and 
diete  commonlye  called  detriments."  In  1635  he 
took  his  M.A. 

By  the  i-ules  of  St.  John's  he  should  have  taken 
holy  orders  within  six  years  of  his  being  elected  Fel- 
low, but  he  was  admitted  on  the  Law  Line,  November 
2,  164'0,  "Jo.  Clciveland  as  legista  unanimously" ; 
"and  afterwards  on  that  of  Physic  (Jan.  31,  1642, 
Reg.  of  St.  John's)"  is  the  next  statement  of  Bishop 

Percy  in  the  "Biographia  Britannica,"  which  is  ac- 

18 


.  INTRODUCTION 

cepted  by  Alexander  Chalmers  and  Mr.  Ebsworth. 
Unfortunately  I  have  not  been  able  to  substantiate  it. 
As  Baker,  in  his  "History  of  the  College  of  St. 
John's,"  does  not  mention  it,  I  infer  that,  if  true. 
Bishop  Percy  had  access  to  papers  since  destroyed  or 
forgotten.  There  seems  to  be  some  doubt,  also,  about 
his  Oxford  M.A.  Wood's  account  begins :  "This 
year  (1637),  among  several  Cambridge  men  that  were 
incorporated  Mast,  of  Arts,  must  not  be  forgotten 
John  Cleaveland  the  Poet,  not  that  it  appears  so  in 
the  public  Register,  but  from  the  Relation  of  a  cer- 
tain Person  who  was  then  a  Master  of  this  Univer- 
sity." Whether  or  not  this  "certain  Person"  is  more 
accurate  than  the  public  register,  Cleveland  re- 
ceived the  substantial  reward  of  it,  a  charming  life  in 
the  "Fasti  Oxonienses." 

As  a  Fellow,  Cleveland  directed  the  studies  of  the 
undergraduates  in  his  charge,  two  of  whom  must  be 
noticed,  as  they  are  the  compilers  of  the  1677,  the 
standard,  edition  of  his  Works.  Samuel  Drake,  after- 
wards Vicar  of  Pontefract,  "son  of  Nathan  Drake  of 
Halifax  gent.,  born  there,  admitted  lesser  pens.  26 
June  1637  aet.  15  under  Cleivland,"  and  "Joannes 
Lake,  Eboracensis,  (afterwards  Vicar  of  Leeds  and 
Bishop  of  Man,  Bristol,  and  Chichester)  filius 
Thomae  Lake  de  Halifax,  natus  atque  literis  institu- 
tus  in  schola  publicje  Halifaxias  per  triennium,  annos 
natus  13  admissus  est  in  collegium  D.  Jo.  sub  tutore 
maglstro  Cleivland,  Dec.  4,  1637,  ibique  per  alterum 
triennium    ai-tium    et    Philosophise    prima    rudimenta 

percepit."     It  is  of  this  John  Lake  it  is  said:     "And 

19 


INTRODUCTION 

he  always  retained  a  great  reverence  for  his  tutor's 
memory."  Tliis  reverence  was  shown  by  editing,  with 
the  help  of  Samuel  Drake,  an  edition  of  Cleveland's 
Works,  "Purged  from  the  many  False  &  Spurious 
Ones  Which  had  usurped  his  Name,  and  from  innum- 
erable Krrours  and  Corruptions  in  the  True."  It  is 
dedicated  to  Francis  Turner,  D.D.,  who  is  said  by 
tradition  to  liave  also  been  a  pupil.  In  this  case  tra- 
dition seems  to  be  untrustworthy,  as  he  is  thus  entered 
in  the  records :  "Franciscus  Turner  filius  natu  maxi- 
mus  Thomae  Turner  S.  T.  P.  decani  Cantuariensis, 
scholjB  Wintoniensis  alumnus  prius  dein  collegii  Novi 
Oxon.  socius;  artium  bac.  an.  1659,  A.M.  1662  quo 
gradu  suscepto  commigravit  ad  nos,  admissus  ad  eun- 
dam  gradum  in  academia  Cantabr.,"  etc.  Thus  he  is 
much  too  young  ever  to  have  been  taught  by  Cleve- 
land ;  probably  the  book  was  dedicated  to  him,  as  he 
at  that  time  (1670-79)  was  Master  of  St.  John's,  and 
Lake  had  "  a  very  high  regard  for  that  Society." 
For  them,  presumably,  the  little  skit  "Vinum  est  Poet- 
arum  Equus"  was  written.  In  the  Preface  they  thus 
comment  on  this  part  of  Cleveland's  life : 

"To  cherish  so  great  hopes,  the  Lady  Margaret 
drew  forth  both  her  breasts.  Christ's  College  in  Cam- 
bridge gave  him  Admission,  and  St.  John's  a  Fellow- 
ship. There  he  lived  about  the  space  of  nine  years, 
the  deliglit  and  ornament  of  that  Societ3\  What 
Service,  as  well  as  Reputation  he  did  it,  let  his  Ora- 
tions and  Epistles  speak;  to  whicli  the  Library  oweth 
much  of  its  Learning,  the  Chappel  nuich  of  its  pious 
decency,  and  the  College  much  of  its  Renown."     A 

20 


INTRODUCTION 

number  of  these  "Orations  and  Ejaistles"  have  come 
down  to  us,  and  the  same  characteristic  is  noticeable, 
namely  that  their  excellence  consists  in  expression 
rather  than  in  thought.  Arbitrarily  I  shall  divide 
them  into  three  classes:  (1)  occasional  orations,  (2) 
epistles,  and  (3)  salutatory  speeches  in  behalf  of  the 
college. 

The  first  class  may  be  dismissed  in  a  few  words ; 
they  arc  undated  and  might  be  assigned  with  fair 
probability  to  any  of  the  nine  years.  As  a  Fellow 
he  was  thrice  called  upon  to  act  as  judge  of  the  de- 
bate in  the  Public  Schools ;  in  consequence  we  have 
"Oratio  habita  cum  unus  e  Prjelectoribus,  deficiente 
termino,  pensum  (pro  more)  imponeret,"  "Oratio 
habita  in  Scholis  Thcologicis,  cum  Moderatoris  partes 
ageret,"  and  "Oratio  itidem  habita  in  Scholis  Juri- 
dicialibus,  cum  Moderatoris  partes  ageret."  Febru- 
ary 11,  1641,  Dr.  Edward  Littleton,  Lord  Keeper  of 
the  Great  Seal,  apparently  came  to  Cambridge ;  I 
infer  this  notwithstanding  the  fact  t^iat  there  is  no 
mention  of  it  in  Cooper's  "Annals"  because  Baker 
gives  the  piece  (published  in  Cleveland's  works  in  the 
form  of  a  letter),  with  the  statement  "Clcivland 
orat";  in  which  case  this  "Domino  Edvardo  Littleton, 
Sigilli  Custodi"  would  be  the  address  of  welcome,  the 
"Oratio  prior  habita  in  Scholis  Juridicialibus,  Dom- 
ino Doctore  Littleton  respondentc"  the  introduction 
to  his  speech,  and  the  "Oratio  posterior,  eodem  re- 
spondentc" the  conclusion. 

Between    1635    and    1637   he   was   made   Rhetoric 

Reader,  and  on  that  occasion  spoke  the  "Oratio  In- 

21 


INTRODUCTION 

fiuouralis,  cum  Pr.Tlcctoris  Rhetorici  munus  ausplca- 
rcur."  I  limit  it  to  '37,  as  that  is  the  carhcst  date  of 
the  various  letters  which  he  wrote  for  the  College. 
Naturally,  as  he  is  but  the  mouthpiece  of  others, 
there  is  no  individuality  here;  it  is  a  sufficient  indica- 
tion of  the  extent  of  the  worthy  Bishop's  admiration 
that  he  should  have  included  these  letters !  Several 
persons  have  presented  books  and  we  have  here  the  ac- 
knowledgments. The  tone  is  much  the  same  whether 
he  is  addressing  the  Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the 
Bishop  of  Lincoln,  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  or  Lord 
Herbert  of  Chcrbur}^,  etc., — extravagant  compliment 
and  light  wit.  They  are  entirely  impersonal,  and  it 
almost  seems  as  if  the  addresses  might  have  been 
changed  without  the  recipients  having  been  any  the 
wiser.  It  is  to  "fiery  Welsh  Williams"  that  he  saj's : 
"Solem  in  unda  spectamus  faciles,  qucm  in  orbe  suo 
non  sine  lippitudine  sustinemus,"  but  it  applies 
equally  well  to  his  arch  enemy  Laud,  or  jNIorton,  or 
any  of  the  others.  Therefore  we  may  dismiss  them. 
As  we  have  seen,  in  the  year  1629  the  honor  of 
addressing  the  French  Ambassador  was  assigned  to 
Cleveland.  February  4,  1636,  this  dignity  was  again 
conferred ;  this  time  he  compliments  Charles  Lodowick 
Count  Elector  Palatine  of  the  Rhine,  K.G.,  who  visits 
the  L^uiversity  in  the  company  of  the  Chancellor. 
Tiiis  is  the  son  of  Frederick,  the  Elector  Palatine,  and 
the  unfortunate  "Queen  of  Bohemia"  and  therefore  a 
nephew  of  Charles.  It  is  this  relationship  which 
Cleveland  emphasizes:  "Quam  dccies  repetitus  pla- 
cebit    Carolus!     Carolus    Caroli    Sobrinus    et    Caroli 

22 


INTRODUCTION 

Avunculus.  O  Beatissima  Carolorum  Climax !  Macte 
esto  gradibus  Carolina  scala,  ut  cum  prse  altitudine 
sua  supremus  Rex  Carolus  Caslos  scandat,  novi 
subinde  succrescant  Caroli,  quibus,  quasi  internodiis 
distincta  ejus  sternitas  usque  et  usque  floreat;  sic 
ipse  sibi  supcrses  Carolus,  non  hominum  (parum  illud 
Nestoris)  sed  Carolorum  tres  states  vivat,  Filii,  So- 
brini,  utriusque  Caroli."  How  the  Elector  received 
this  English  compliment,  we  are  not  told ;  to  be  lauded 
on  account  of  one's  relationship  to  another  is  to  be 
damned  with  faint  praise,  but  the  passage  is  impor- 
tant as  showing  that  by  1636  Cleveland  was  thor- 
oughly a  Royalist.  Mr.  Edwin  Goadby,  in  the 
"Gentleman's  Magazine"  of  February,  1873,  says: 
"During  Cleaveland's  residence  in  Cambridge  he  was 
moved  by  two  incidents,  which  may  be  said  to  have 
determined  his  whole  future  career.  The  first  inci- 
dent was  a  royal  visit.  Charles  I.  reached  Cambridge 
in  May,  1633,  ,  .  .  Cleaveland  wrote  an  epistle  on 
the  event  .  .  .  Cleaveland  was  henceforth,  whatever 
he  might  have  been  previously,  an  enthusiastic  and 
devoted  Royalist."  Fortunately,  Mr.  Goadby  is  mis- 
taken in  the  date  of  the  visit  and  consequently  also 
in  his  unpleasant  inference.  There  is  no  possible 
question  but  that  the  reception  to  which  he  refers 
took  place  nine  years  after  the  date  he  assigns.  Cu- 
riously enough,  even  Mr.  Ebsworth,  in  the  "Diction- 
ary of  National  Biography,"  is  also  in  error  here.  A 
detailed  letter  from  Joseph  Beaumont,  as  quoted  by 
Cooper,  tells  us  that  the  Prince  arrived   Saturday, 

March  the  twelfth,  1642,  and  that  the  reception  to 

23 


INTRODUCTION 

lu'ni  bv  the  University  authorities  was  so  pleasing  that 
the  King;  himself  came  on  Monday  for  a  few  hours. 
Before  the  Prince  was  played  Cowley's  "Guardian," 
afterwards  called  the  "Cutter  of  Coleman  Street." 
On  the  title-page  of  this,  the  date  is  given  as  March 
twelfth,  164"!,  O.  S. ;  Genest  also  gives  the  same. 
This  is  corroborated  by  the  entry  in  Worthington's 
Diary  March  14,  1641-2:  "The  King  in  transitu 
visited  Trinity  and  St.  John's  Coll."  Moreover,  the 
speech  is  dated  1642  in  the  editions  of  the  "Cleave- 
land  Revived."  In  his  letter  Beaumont  mentions 
Cleveland's  address,  and  the  inference  is  allowable 
that  it  was  spoken  almost  extempore.  If  the  speech 
were  unpremeditated,  there  is  no  doubt  about  his  en- 
thusiastic loyalty.  In  any  case,  the  speech  was  a 
success ;  the  King  was  so  delighted  with  it  that  he  de- 
sired that  a  copy  should  be  sent  after  him  to 
Huntington. 

A  newspaper  of  the  time  informs  us  that  the  King 
"received  much  content  from  the  Doctors  and  others 
in  the  University  but  women  and  others  in  the  towne 
humbly  and  earnestly  entreating  that  he  would  return 
to  his  parliament  or  they  should  be  undone: — the 
King  was  much  discontent  that  neither  the  sherife  nor 
any  gentlemen  of  Cambridgeshire  did  meet  him." 
Thus  we  see  that  the  small  world  of  Cambridge  was 
divided  sharply  between  the  University  which  was 
Royalist  and  the  Town  which  was  for  the  Parliament. 
Oliver  Cromwell  had  been  elected  Burgess  for  the 
Town  of  Cambridge  to  the  "Short  Parliament"  in  the 

spring   of   1640;   "recommended   by   Hampden,   say 

24 


INTRODUCTION 

some ;  not  needing  any  recommendation  in  those 
Fen-countries,  think  others,"  is  Carlj'le's  comment. 
Cooper  quotes  at  length  from  a  contemporary  ac- 
count telhng  of  the  trick  by  which  the  election  was 
maintained;  this,  as  he  shows,  is  untrustworthy,  but 
the  important  point  is,  as  both  agree,  that  it  was  not 
closely  contested.  This  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
the  case  with  that  for  the  "Long  Parliament"  in  the 
fall  of  the  same  year.  Cromwell  was  returned  by  a 
narrow  margin,  although  there  seems  to  be  no  reason 
but  that  cited  in  the  1677  preface  for  such  a  reversal 
of  popular  opinion.  That  sa^'s:  "Thus  he  (Cleve- 
land) shincd  with  equal  light  and  influence  until  the 
general  Eclipse ;  of  which  no  man  had  more  Sagacious 
Prognosticks.  When  Oliver  was  in  Election  to  be 
Burgess  for  the  Town  of  Cambridge,  as  he  engaged 
all  his  Friends  and  Interests  to  oppose  it,  so  when  it 
was  passed,  he  said  with  much  passionate  Zeal,  That 
single  Vote  had  ruined  both  Church  and  Kingdom. 
Such  havock  the  good  Prophet  beheld  in  Hazael's 
face.  Such  fatal  Events  did  he  presage  from  his 
bloody  beak.  And  no  sooner  did  that  Schrich  Owl 
appear  in  the  University  but  this  Sun  declined.  Per- 
ceiving the  Ostracism  that  w^as  intended,  he  became  a 
Voluntier  in  his  Academick  Exile,  and  would  no 
longer  breath  the  common  Air  with  such  Pests  of 
Mankind."  This  language  is  strong,  but  the  facts 
are  sound.  The  last  we  hear  of  Cleveland  at  Cam- 
bridge is  that  visit  of  the  King  in  March,  164)2.  Ox- 
ford was  occupied  as  the  Royal  headquarters  Nov. 

29,  164<2,  but  it  is  improbable  that  Cleveland  immc- 

25 


INTRODUCTION 

(liately  went  there.  However,  it  is  not  necessary  to 
assume  that  lie  was  unwilling  to  breathe  the  common 
air  with  such  pests  of  mankind,  as  the  state  of  affairs 
at  Cambridge  were  such  as  would  quite  justify  the 
departure  of  any  peace-loving  student,  and  as  Cleve- 
land was  known  as  a  Royalist  and  had  already  writ- 
ten his  "Verses  on  Smectymnuus,"  it  is  not  unlikely 
that  he  received  special  indignities.  In  July,  1642, 
some  of  the  townsmen  who  had  obtained  muskets 
made  a  practice  of  discharging  them  into  the  windows 
of  certain  scholars,  whereupon  the  members  of  the 
University  purchased  a  quantity  of  arms  for  their 
own  protection,  until  stopped  by  order  of  Parliament. 
In  February  of  the  next  year  a  thousand  Parliamen- 
tary soldiers  were  placed  in  garrison  and  could  not  be 
controlled.  "The  colleges  were  beset  and  broken 
open,  and  guards  thrust  into  them,  sometimes  at  mid- 
night whilst  the  scholars  were  asleep  in  their  beds. 
IMic  commons  were  snatched  off  the  tables  in  the  Col- 
lege Halls ;  the  College  rents  were  forcibly  taken  from 
the  tenants.  The  books  in  the  scholars'  chambers 
were  seized  and  carried  away,  and  multitudes  of  sol- 
diers were  quartered  in  the  Colleges.  Great  injury 
was  also  done  to  the  property  of  the  Colleges;  Jesus 
Grove  was  cut  down;  the  wainscot,  bedstead,  chairs, 
stools,  tables,  and  bookshelves,  in  many  scholars' 
chambers  were  pulled  down  and  burnt ;  King's  College 
Chapel  was  used  as  a  place  for  training  the  military; 
the  carved  work  in  other  Chapels  was  torn  down ;  the 
nioinnnents  of  the  dead  were  defaced;  and  a  beautiful 
curved  structure  in   St.   Mary's,  although  it  had  no 


INTRODUCTION 

Imagery  or  statue  work  about  it,  was  demolished.  In 
order  to  make  the  University  generally  odious  to  the 
common  people,  it  was  customary  every  market  day  to 
burn  openly  in  the  market-place  "all  sorts  of  pictures, 
were  they  but  Paper  Prints  of  the  twelve  Apostles." 
These  were  proclaimed  to  be  "the  Popish  Idols  of  the 
University."  The  effect  was  "that  a  Scholar  could 
have  small  security  from  being  stoned  or  affronted  as 
he  walked  the  streets."  Under  such  conditions  it  is 
perhaps  unnecessary  to  speculate  why  he  left.  The 
effect  upon  him  must  have  been  greater,  as  the  work 
was  comparatively  new;  in  1634,  the  year  of  his  Fel- 
lowship, Fuller  notes :  "Now  began  the  University 
to  be  much  beautified  in  buildings,  every  College 
either  casting  its  skin  with  the  Snake,  or  renewing  its 
bill  with  the  Eagle,  having  their  Courts,  or  at  least- 
wise their  fronts,  and  Gate  houses  repaired  and 
adorned.  But  the  greatest  alteration  was  in  their 
Chappcls,  most  of  them  being  graced  with  the  acces- 
sion of  Organs.  And,  seeing  Musick  is  one  of  the 
Liberal  Arts,  how  could  it  be  quarreled  at  in  an  Uni- 
versity, if  they  sang  with  understanding  both  of  the 
matter  and  the  manner  thereof.?  Yet  some  took  great 
distast  thereat  as  attendencie  to  superstition."  So 
we  cannot  be  far  in  error  if  we  assume  that  he  left 
Cambridge  for  Oxford  in  the  spring  of  '43. 

Before  following  Cleveland  to  Oxford  it  is  neces- 
sary to  give  a  short  account  of  his  poetical  activity 
while  at  Cambridge,  and  of  the  publications  of  the 
University  during  this  period.  As  has  been  said,  the 
majority    of    his    miscellaneous    verse    was    probably 


INTRODUCTION 

written  there,  but  of  this  we  have  no  proof;  from  the 
very  nature  of  the  poems  the  exact  year  cannot  be 
determined.  Aubrey's  statement  is  "He  was  a  fellow 
of  St.  John's  College  in  Cambridge,  where  he  was 
more  taken  notice  of  for  his  being  an  eminent  dispu- 
tant, then  a  good  poet."  Of  course  Aubrey  generally 
is  untrammcled  by  any  reference  to  facts,  and 
here  he  has  against  him  the  whole  body  of  contempo- 
rary writers.  But  it  is  to  be  remembered  that  the 
narrative  of  a  gossipy,  inaccurate  writer  may  give  a 
glimpse  at  real  conditions  when  professed  eulogists 
pass  by  in  silence.  His  statement  is  borne  out  by  the 
fact  that  in  the  various  University  publications  Cleve- 
land rarely  figures.  This,  however,  may  be  due  to 
the  fact  that  Cleveland,  however  skillful  in  Latin 
prose,  docs  not  seem  to  have  used  Latin  verse.  There 
are  but  two  Latin  poems  in  the  1677  edition,  one  of 
which,  a  translation  of  the  "Rebel  Scot,"  is  by 
Tiiomas  Gawen ;  consequently,  I  have  eliminated  these 
poems.  During  Cleveland's  stay  in  Cambridge  there 
were  nine  books  of  verses  on  public  occasions,  to  only 
two  of  which  did  he  contribute,  and  then  always  in 
English.  The  first,  made  famous  by  the  "Lycidas," 
is  entitled  "Juxta  Edovardo  King  naufrago  ab  Ami- 
cis  moercntibus  amoris  &  'Mvsias  Xapiz^"*  1638. 
The. English  verses  are  separately  paged,  and  have 
the  title,  "Obsequies  to  the  memorie  of  Mr.  Edward 
King,"  Anno.  Dom.  1638.  Pearson  and  ]\Iore  con- 
tribute to  the  Latin  poems.  By  far  the  more  inter- 
esting are  the  thirteen  poems  in  English,  of  which 
the  fourth   is  by  Cleveland  and  the  last  by  Milton. 

28 


INTRODUCTION 

Cleveland's  is  signed  in  full ;  the  "Ljcidas"  has  only 
the  initials  J.  M.  The  second  is  "Irenodia  Canta- 
brigiensis  ob  paciferum  serenissimi  Regis  Caroli  e 
Scotia  reditum  mense  Novembri,  164*1,"  16-11.  Cow- 
ley and  Cleveland  contributed.  I  have  been  unable 
to  see  this  volume,  but  I  assume  that  the  poem  is  the 
same  as  that  on  page  127  of  this  edition.  Cleveland, 
by  this  time,  must  have  had  a  reputation  as  an  Eng- 
lish poet,  because  he  appears  in  the  "Jonsonus  Virbius, 
or  the  Memorie  of  Ben  Jonson  revived  by  the  Friends 
of  the  Muses,"  London,  1638.  He  is  here  in  the  best 
company  of  his  time ;  verses  were  given  by  Falkland, 
May,  Habington,  Waller,  Cartwright,  Owen,  Fel- 
tham,  Shakerley  Marmion,  and  John  Ford.  To  be 
admitted  here  was  equivalent  to  a  diploma  in  poetry, 
and  although  at  Cambridge  he  may  have  been  consid- 
ered a  disputant,  to  the  world  at  large  he  was  already 
ranked  as  a  poet,  notwithstanding  the  fact  that  none 
of  his  verses  had  yet  been  printed. 

So  in  the  spring  of  1643  Cleveland  left  Cambridge 
for  Oxford,  where,  in  the  language  of  those  days,  he 
was  "caressed"  by  the  royal  party.  Wood  tells  us: 
"At  length  upon  the  eruption  of  the  Civil  War,  he 
was  the  first  Champion  that  appeared  in  verse  for  the 
King's  Cause  against  the  Presbyterians  ;  .  .  .  Where- 
upon retiring  to  Oxon  the  King's  headquarter,  lived 
there  for  a  time,  and  was  much  venerated  and  respect- 
ed not  only  by  the  great  Men  of  the  Court,  but  by 
the  then  Wits  remaining  among  the  affrighted  and 
distressed  Muses,  for  his  high  Panegyrics  and  smart 

Satyrs."     This  has  been  often  quoted  with  the  erro- 

29 


INTRODUCTION 

neous  implication  that  he  went  to  Oxford  to  fight  in 
verse  for  the  King.  In  reality  there  is  no  such  abrupt 
change.  As  satire  consists  largely  in  the  expression, 
and,  as  we  have  seen  that  Cleveland's  talent  lay  de- 
cidedlv  in  tliat  direction,  it  was  very  natural  that  he 
should  ridicule  some  of  the  ludicrous  aspects  in  the 
politics  of  the  time.  At  Cambridge  we  find  him  satir- 
izing "Smectymnuus,"  the  Puritan  attitude  toward 
the  Oath  of  Conformity,  etc. ;  but  there  is  no  such 
bitterness  as  appears  later.  He  is  silent  on  the  great 
issues,  such  as  the  trial  and  condemnation  of  Straf- 
ford, because  neither  he  nor  any  one  else  appreciated 
their  true  significance.  Even  after  war  had  been  de- 
clared, August  23,  1642,  the  Parliamentarians  para- 
doxically were  fighting  the  King  in  the  name  of  the 
King.  Not  until  the  Siege  of  Gloucester  and  the 
Scotch  invasion  did  the  Royalists  awake  to  the  full 
realization  of  the  danger.  From  this  time  on  Cleve- 
land, pen  in  hand,  is  fighting  desperately  for  the 
King. 

"  Come,  keen  iambics,  with  your  badger's  feet, 
And  badger-like  bite  till   3'our  teeth  do  meet." 

The  contemptuous  laugh  has  now  become  a  snarl. 
Here  his  life  is  interwoven  with  the  national  history, 
which  is  cursorily  treated  in  the  various  introductions 
in  Part  H. 

Not  by  his  verse  alone  did  he  defend  the  cause,  but 
also  there  are  three  "characters"  to  his  credit,  "The 
Character  of  a  London  Diurnal,"  "The  Character  of 
a   Country-Committee-man,   with   the   Earmark   of  a 

30 


INTRODUCTION 

Sequestrator,"  and  "The  Character  of  a  Diurnal 
Maker."  They  are  prose  satires  in  which  he  pursues 
exactly  the  same  method  as  in  verse;  the  aim  in  both 
is  to  say  the  most  unpleasant  things  in  the  most  un- 
pleasant way;  thus  they  differ  from  characters  such 
as  the  "Holy  and  Profane  States"  in  being  weapons 
of  attack.  This  is  how  he  mentions  Cromwell :  "With 
what  face  can  they  object  to  the  King  the  bringing  in 
of  foreigners,  when  themselves  entertain  such  an  army 
of  Hebrews?  This  Cromwell  is  never  so  valorous  as 
when  he  is  making  speeches  to  the  Association ;  which 
nevertheless  he  doth  somewhat  ominously  with  his 
neck  a-wry,  holding  up  his  ear  as  if  he  expected 
Mahomet's  pidgeon  to  come  and  prompt  him.  He 
should  be  a  bird  of  prey,  too,  by  his  bloody  beak ;  his 
nose  is  able  to  try  a  young  eagle,  whether  she  be  law- 
fully begotten.  But  all  is  not  gold  that  glisters. 
What  we  wonder  at  in  the  rest  of  them  is  natural  to 
him,  to  kill  without  bloodshed;  for  the  most  of  his 
trophies  are  in  a  church  window,  when  a  looking 
glass  would  show  him  more  superstition.  He  is  so 
perfect  a  hater  of  images  that  he  hath  defaced  God's 
in  his  own  countenance.  If  he  deals  with  men,  'tis 
when  he  takes  them  napping  in  an  old  monument,  then 
down  goes  dust  and  ashes  and  the  stoutest  cavalier  is 
no  better.  O  brave  Oliver!  Time's  voider,  subsizer 
to  the  worms,  in  whom  Death,  who  formerly  devoured 
our  ancestors,  now  chews  the  cud !  He  said  grace 
once  as  if  he  would  have  fallen  aboard  with  the  j\Iar- 
quis  of  Newcastle ;  nay  and  the  Diurnal  gave  you  his 

bill-of-f are ;  but  it  proved  a  running  banquet  as  ap- 

31 


INTRODUCTION 

pears  by  the  story.  Believe  him,  as  he  whistles  to  his 
Cambridge  team  of  committee-men,  and  he  doth  won- 
ders. But  holy  men,  like  the  holy  language,  must  be 
read  backwards.  Thoy  rifle  colleges  to  promote  learn- 
ing and  pull  down  churches  for  edification.  But  sac- 
rilege is  entailed  upon  him.  There  must  be  a  Crom- 
well for  cathedrals  as  well  as  abbeys;  a  secure  sin 
whose  offense  carries  its  pardon  in  its  mouth ;  for  how 
shall  he  be  hanged  for  church-robbery  that  gives  him- 
self the  'benefit  of  the  clergy.'  "  One  more  illustra- 
tion will  suffice ;  let  me  give  you  his  recipe  for  a  coun- 
try committee-man  and  ask  you  to  remember  as 
you  read  that  the  Royalist  gentlemen,  by  these  same 
committee-men,  had  been  beggared  through  the  se- 
questration of  their  estates ;  then  you  can  appreciate 
the  grim  smile  which  followed  the  perusal  of  the  fol- 
lowing :  "Take  a  State-martyr,  one  that  for  his  good 
behaviour  hath  paid  the  excise  of  his  ears,  so  suffered 
captivity  by  the  land-piracy  of  ship-money ;  next  a 
primitive  freeholder,  one  that  hates  the  King  because 
he  is  a  gentleman,  transgressing  the  Magna  Charta  of 
delving  Adam ;  add  to  these  a  mortified  bankrupt  that 
helps  out  false  weights  with  some  scruples  of  con- 
science and  with  his  peremptory  scales  can  doom  his 
prince  with  a  Mcne  Tekel;  these  with  a  blue-stock- 
inged justice  lately  made  of  a  good  basket-hilted  yeo- 
man, with  a  short  handed  clerk  tacked  to  the  rear  of 
him  to  carry  the  knapsack  of  his  understanding;  to- 
gether with  two  or  three  equivocal  sirs  whose  religion, 
like  their  gentility,  is  the  extract  of  their  acres,  being 

therefore  spiritual  because  they  are  earthly;  not  for- 

32 


INTRODUCTION 

getting  the  man  of  law  whose  corruption  gives  the 
hogan  to  the  sincere  juncto;  these  are  the  simples  of 
this  precious  compound,  a  kind  of  Dutch  hotch-potch, 
the  hogan-mogan  committee-man." 

By  such  attacks  as  these  Cleveland  became  recog- 
nized as  a  distinct  power  in  the  political  controversy. 
Not  only  may  we  infer  this  from  the  great  number 
of  editions,  but  we  have  also  contemporary  evidence  of 
the  great  effect  of  his  writings.  David  Lloyd,  in 
1668,  thus  enthusiastically  exclaims:  .  .  .  "his  life 
at  Oxford,  where  he  managed  his  pen  as  the  highest 
panegyrist,  (witness  his  Rupertismus,  his  Elegy  on 
my  Lord  of  Canterbury,  &c.,  on  the  one  hand,)  on 
the  one  side  to  draw  all  good  intentions  to  virtue ;  and 
the  Scots'  Apostacy,  the  Char,  of  a  Lond.  Diurnal, 
and  a  Committee  man,  (blows  that  shaked  triumphing 
Rebellion,  reaching  the  soul  of  those  not  to  be  reached 
by  Law  or  Power,  striking  each  Traitor  to  a  paleness 
beyond  that  of  any  Loyal  Corpse  that  bled  by  them ; 
the  Poet  killing  at  as  much  distance  as  some  Phil- 
osophers, heat-scars  lasting  as  time,  indelible  as  guilt- 
stabs  beyond  Death,)  on  the  other,  to  shame  the  ill 
from  vice,  ..."  The  "London  Diurnal"  was  printed 
as  a  broad-side,  and  presumably  was  widely  distrib- 
uted. By  his  sneers  Cleveland  certainly  prepared  the 
way  for  the  Restoration. 

Cleveland's  visit  at  Oxford  must  have  been  ex- 
tremely pleasant;  he  was  surrounded  by  enthusiastic 
admirers  and  apparently  had  sufficient  means.  This 
last  is  to  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  it  was  at  this 

time  that  his  portrait  was  painted  by  Isaac  Fuller,  a 

33 


I  X  T  li  O  D  U  C  T  I  O  X 

well-known  artist  of  the  period.  A  copy  of  this 
painting  is  prefixed  to  this  edition.  The  only  de- 
scription of  his  person  which  has  come  down  to  us  is 
given  us  by  Aubrey :  "He  was  a  comely  plump  man, 
good  curled  hair,  darke  brown."  It  is  not  the  face  of 
a  thinker  nor  of  a  scholar. 

From  the  nature  of  his  work  at  this  period  he  was 
not  popular.  Of  this  we  have  certain  evidence.  The 
"London  Post,"  February  4,  1645,  inserts  this  para- 
graph: "Master  Cleiveland  of  Cambridge,  the  con- 
triver of  that  bold  and  licentiate  pamphlet,  called 
'The  Character  of  the  Perfect  Diurnal'  is  brought  up 
to  London  to  answer  for  his  libeling:  You  will  shortly 
read  a  Character  upon  the  Characterer."  This  re- 
mark only  justifies  his  "libel"  on  the  truth-telling 
properties  of  the  papers  in  question,  as  there  is  no 
evidence  that  he  was  ever  "brought  up  to  London," 
and  it  is  extremely  improbable.  Although  in  this 
particular  his  punishment  seems  to  have  been  im- 
aginary, his  enemies  struck  more  surely  in  another 
way.  Nine  days  after  this  notice,  by  the  order  of  the 
Earl  of  ]\Ianchester,  (the  Kimbolton  of  the  satires,) 
he  was  expelled  from  his  Fellowship  in  St.  John's  and 
Anthony  Houlden  was  admitted  to  his  place  on  the 
17th.  This  could  not  have  been  unexpected,  however, 
because  not  only  had  he  refused  to  take  the  "Solemn 
League  and  Covenant"  as  ordered  by  the  Parliament, 
but  he  had  literally  added  insult  to  the  injury. 

But  on  the  other  hand  by  the  Royalists  he  was  not 

forgotten,  being  appointed   Judge  Advocate   to   his 

Majesty's  garrison  at  Newark.     I  am  unable  to  state 

34. 


INTRODUCTION 

definitely  the  date.  The  "Biographia  Britannica"  says 
in  reference  to  this:  "The  Bishop  of  Dromore  has 
in  his  possession  an  authentic  copy  of  the  commission, 
signed  by  King  Charles  I.  with  his  own  hand,  dated 
at  *our  Court  at  Newark,'  12th.  October,  1645,  by 
which  Sir  Richard  Willis  the  governor  and  other  com- 
missioners therein  mentioned,  are  impowered  to  pun- 
ish all  offenses  committed  by  the  soldiers,  and  to  de- 
termine all  differences  between  them  and  the  country- 
men by  martial  law."  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Bishop  Percy  was  not  more  definite  in  his  statement, 
but,  to  have  any  revelance  whatever,  Cleveland  must 
have  been  included  in  the  "other  commissioners  therein 
mentioned."  His  degree  in  law  would  have  qualified 
him  for  the  office,  but  the  "Weekly  Intelligencer"  of 
May  27,  1645,  gives  a  rather  different  idea  of  his  du- 
ties. "But  to  speak  something  of  our  friend  Cleve- 
land, that  grand  malignant  of  Cambridge,  we  heare 
that  he  is  now  at  Newarke,  where  he  hath  the  title  of 
Advocate  put  upon  him.  His  office  and  employment 
is,  to  gather  all  the  College  rents  within  the  power 
of  the  King's  forces  in  those  parts,  which  he  distrib- 
utes to  such  as  are  turned  out  of  their  Fellowships  at 
Cambridge  for  their  malignancie.  If  the  royal  party 
be  thus  careful  to  supplie  their  friends,  sure  it  is  nec- 
essary to  take  some  course  to  relieve  those  who  are 
turned  out  of  their  houses  and  livings  for  adhering  to 
the  Parliament."  Walker  informs  us  he  was  received 
there  with  the  same  esteem  and  respect  as  at  Oxford, 
and  the  1677  Preface,  "and,  by  an  excellent  temper- 
ature of  both,  was  a  just  and  prudent  Judge  for  the 


INTRODUCTION 

King,  and  a  faithful  Advocate  for  the  Country."  So 
hy  the  testimony  of  both  his  friends  and  his  enemies 
in  this  new  position  he  did  well. 

The  work  done  here  at  Newark  has  been  collected 
under  the  title  "Cleaveland  Revived."  As  Cleveland 
was  the  most  popular  writer  of  his  day,  all  sorts  of 
compositions  in  prose  and  verse  were  fathered  upon 
him,  and  consequently  this  edition  is  rather  in  the 
nature  of  an  anthology  of  contemporaneous  writers. 
We  know  this  by  the  express  statement  of  the  editor 
himself.  From  this  fact,  the  identification  of  the 
poems  is  largely  guess-work ;  the  prose  consists  of  va- 
rious letters  which  are  interesting  only  from  their 
quaintness,  with  no  particular  value.  They  illustrate 
the  peculiar  fondness  of  the  age  for  plays  upon  words 
and  involved  quibble, — a  liking  which  produced  Cleve- 
land's poems  and  made  them  popular. 

Charles  left  Newark  for  Oxford  early  in  November, 
1645.  He  escaped  just  in  time,  as  the  Scotch  army 
under  Lcven  encamped  before  it  on  the  twenty-seventh 
of  November.  We  have  Cleveland's  reply  to  their 
summons  to  surrender.  "You  may  do  well,  Gentlemen, 
to  use  your  fortune  modestly,  and  not  think  that  God 
Almighty  doth  uphold  your  cause  by  reason  of  your 
victories ;  perchance  he  fattens  it  with  present  success 
for  a  riper  destruction.  For  my  part  I  would  rather 
embrace  a  wreck,  floating  upon  a  single  plank,  than 
embark  in  your  action  with  the  fullest  sails  to  dance 
upon  the  wings  of  fortune.  Whereas  you  urge  the 
expense  of  a  siege  and  the  pressures  of  the  Country  in 
supporting  your  charge,  there  I  confess  I  am  touched 

S6 


INTRODUCTION 

to  the  quick.  But  their  miseries,  though  they  make  my 
heart  bleed,  must  not  make  my  honour.  My  compas- 
sion to  my  Country  must  not  make  me  a  parricide  to 
my  Prince.  .  .  .  Otherwise  I  desire  you  to  take  notice, 
that  when  I  received  my  commission  for  the  govern- 
ment of  this  place,  I  annexed  my  life  as  a  label  to  my 
trust." 

During  Cleveland's  stay  in  Newark  the  King's 
cause  had  been  lost.  Charles,  after  intriguing  with 
the  Scotch,  with  the  Independents,  and  with  the  Par- 
liament, at  last  determined  to  trust  to  the  first,  and  on 
j\Iay  5,  16J<6,  at  Southwell,  near  Newark,  he  sur- 
rendered himself  to  the  army  of  that  nation.  Their 
first  demand  was  for  Newark,  which,  under  Cleveland, 
had  gallantly  held  out ;  Charles,  knowing  that  the  city 
was  incapable  of  prolonged  resistance,  ordered  the 
surrender,  which  was  made  on  the  following  day. 
Here  occurred  that  incident,  (if  it  occurred  at  all,) 
which  is  faithfully  recorded  by  his  later-day  biog- 
raphers. The  anecdote  first  appears  in  the  "Critical 
Review,"  June,  1769,  in  an  article  on  Granger's  "Bi- 
ographical History."  This  is  the  original  from 
which  Carlyle  and  others  have  drawn  unjustifiable  in- 
ferences. After  stating  that  Cleveland  was  ejected 
from  his  Fellowship,  the  writer  continues :  "Be  that 
as  it  will,  his  famous  satire  against  the  Scotch  ren- 
dered him  extremely  obnoxious  to  that  nation,  and  he 
happened  to  be  taken  prisoner  by  a  party  of  their 
troops  in  the  North,  commanded  by  David  Lesley, 
afterwards  Lord  Newark.  Being  discovered  by  the 
papers  he  had  about  him,  the  officers  who  took  him 

37 


INTRODUCTION 

gave  him  an  assurance  of  the  gallows,  and  Cleaveland 
received  the  news  with  that  magnanimity  and  pride 
which  is  the  concomitant  of  great  self-conscquence ; 
for  he  consoled  himself  with  the  thoughts  of  his  d3'ing 
a  martyr  in  the  cause  of  his  sovereign,  and  having  his 
name  transmitted  with  peculiar  encomiums  in  the  an- 
nals of  loj^alty.  He  was  introduced  with  some  other 
prisoners  to  Lesley,  who  could  neither  read  nor  write, 
and  who  awarded  to  each  his  proper  fate  by  hanging, 
wliipping,  or  imprisoning.  When  it  came  to  be 
Cleaveland's  turn,  he  presented  himself  at  the  bar  with 
a  conscious  dignity,  and  his  enemies  did  not  fail  to 
aggravate  liis  offenses,  producing  at  the  same  time  a 
bundle  of  his  verses.  'Is  this  all,'  said  the  general, 
'ye  have  to  charge  him  with ;  for  shame,  for  shame ! 
let  the  poor  fellow  go  about  his  business,  and  sell  his 
ballads.'  This  contemptuous  slight  affected  Cleave- 
land so  much,  that  he  is  said  to  have  drowned  the  re- 
membrance of  it  in  strong  liquors,  which  hastened  his 
death.  It  appears,  however,  by  Thurloe's  papers, 
that  Cleaveland  was  a  person  of  note  among  the  roy- 
alists, and  that  lie  liad  a  place  of  some  consequence 
in  their  army."  Fifteen  years  after,  Bishop  Percy, 
after  quoting  this  paragrapli  entire  in  the  "Bio- 
graphia  Britannica,"  thus  continues:  "As  this  ar- 
ticle was  attributed  to  a  countryman  of  Lesley's,  the 
late  Mr.  Guthrie,  sliall  we  suppose  that  he  took  this 
mctliod  to  bo  revenged  on  tlie  author  of  the  Rebel 
Scot?"  In  truth,  tlie  origin  of  this  tale  is  a  mystery; 
it  is  scarcely  crc(hble,  as  Bisliop  Percy  intimates,  that 

anyone  deliberately  invented  it,  and  yet  it  is  in  no 

38 


I  N  T'  R  O  D  U  C  T  I  C  X 

English  author  before  1769;  nor  is  it  hkely  that  it 
should  be  handed  down  by  Scotch  tradition,  as  it  is 
not  complimentary  to  the  ignorant  Leslej^  and,  by  its 
very  existence  it  gives  an  importance  to  Cleveland 
which  it  is  its  object  to  deny.  He  was  certainly  in 
the  garrison  when  Newark  surrendered,  and  there  is 
no  record  of  his  captivity.  But  in  a  court-martial 
he  would  be  tried  as  a  Judge  Advocate,  not  as  a  poet, 
and  the  General  must  have  been  very  ignorant  indeed 
not  to  have  remembered  the  name  at  the  bottom  of  the 
refusal  to  surrender ;  as  Cleveland  lived  for  twelve 
years  afterwards,  his  death  cannot  be  said  to  have 
been  unduly  hastened.  It  is  hard  to  disprove  such  an 
anecdote,  but  it  is  harder  to  believe  it. 

For  the  next  nine  j'^ears  and  a  half  nothing  is 
known  of  his  life.  Like  the  great  majority  of  the 
unfortunate  Cavaliers,  he  wandered  about  in  complete 
dependence  upon  his  more  fortunate  friends.  For 
his  King  and  his  cause  he  had  lost  all  but  his  freedom, 
and  that  was  taken  from  him  on  November  10,  1655. 
From  the  papers  of  John  Thurloe,  Secretary  to  the 
Council  of  State,  I  extract  the  following  letter  to  the 
President  of  the  Council : 

"May  it  please  your  lordship, 
In  observance  to  the  orders  of  his  highness  and  coun- 
cil sent  unto  us,  we  have  this  day  sent  to  the  garrison 
of  Yarmouth  one  John  Cleveland  of  Norwich,  late 
judge  advocate  at  Newark,  who  we  have  deemed  to  be 
comprized  within  the  second  head. 

"The  reasons  of  judgment  are; 

"1.  He  confesseth,  that  about  a  year  since  he  came 
from  London  to  the  city  of  Norwich;  and  giveth  no 

39 


INTRODUCTION 

account  of  an}'  business  he  hath  there,  only  he  pre- 
tends, that  Edward  Cooke,  Esq;  maketh  use  of  him 
to  help  him  in  his  studies. 

"2.  Mr.  Cleveland  confesseth,  that  he  hath  lived 
in  the  said  mr.  Cooke's  house  ever  since  he  came  to  the 
said  city;  and  that  he  but  seldom  went  into  the  city, 
and  never  but  once  into  the  country.  Indeed  his  pri- 
vacy hath  been  such,  that  none  or  but  a  few  save 
papists  and  cavaleeres  did  know,  that  there  was  any 
such  person  resident  in  these  parts. 

"3.  For  that  the  place  of  the  said  mr.  Cleveland 
his  abode,  viz.  the  said  mr.  Cooke's  is  a  family  of  no- 
torious disorder  and  where  papists,  delinquents,  and 
other  disaffected  persons  of  the  late  king's  party  do 
often  resort  more  than  to  any  family  in  the  said  sity 
or  county  of  Norfolk,  as  is  commonly  reported. 

"4.  Mr.  Cleveland  liveth  in  a  genteel  garbe;  yet 
he  confesseth,  that  he  hath  no  estate  but  20£  per  an- 
num allowed  by  two  gentlemen,  and  30£  per  annum 
by  the  said  mr.  Cooke. 

"5.  Mr.  Cleveland  is  a  person  of  great  abilities, 
and  so  able  to  do  the  greater  disservice ;  all  which  wt> 
humbl}'  submit,  and  remain, 

"Your  honour's  truly  humble  servants, 
"H.  Haynes,  '    H.  King, 

"Rob.  Woode,  Richard  Copeman, 

"Ed.  Warde,  John  Ballestone, 

"Bram.  Gurdon,  Ro.  Swallowe, 

"Nich.  Bell,  Ralph  Woollmer, 

"Nich.  Salter,  Richard  Harbie, 

"Tho.  Garrett,  William  Stewart. 

"Norwich,  Novcmb.  10,  1655.'* 
40 


INTRODUCTION 

So  by  these  fourteen  village  Dogberrys  poor  Cleve- 
land was  sent  to  the  Yarmouth  prison  because,  for- 
sooth, he  lived  in  genteel  garb  and  was  a  person  of 
great  abilities!  The  condition  of  the  English  prison 
of  that  period  can  be  better  imagined  than  described. 
There  he  wrote  a  letter  "To  the  Protector  after  long 
and  vile  Durance  in  Prison."  Incidentally  we  learn 
from  the  letter  itself  that  he  was  there  three  months, 
but  one  can  easily  see  how  the  vileness  might  make 
three  months  "long."  After  some  hesitation,  I  have 
decided  to  include  this  letter;  not  only  is  it  the  best 
example  of  his  prose,  but  also  it  is  remarkable  from 
the  characteristic  skill  with  which  he  pleads  his  case 
without  betraying  his  cause: 

*"May  it  please  your  highness ; 

Rulers  within  the  circle  of  their  government  have  a 
claim  to  that  which  is  said  of  the  Deity,  they  have 
their  center  every  where  and  their  circumference  no 
where.  It  is  in  tliis  confidence  that  I  address  to  j^our 
Highness,  knowing  no  place  in  the  nation  is  so  remote 
as  not  to  share  in  the  ubiquity  of  your  care,  no  prison 
so  close  as  to  shut  me  from  partaking  of  your  influ- 
ence. My  Lord,  it  is  my  misfortune  that,  after  ten 
years  of  retirement  from  being  engaged  in  the  differ- 
ences of  the  State,  having  wound  up  myself  in  a  pri- 
vate recess,  and  my  comportment  to  the  public  being 
so  inoff'ensive  that  in  all  this  time  neither  fears  nor 
jealousies  have  scrupled  at  my  actions,  being  about 

*  This  has  been  coUated  with  the  editions  of  1659,  1662,  1665, 
1677,  1687,  and  1699.  From  the  variants  I  have  as  usual  con- 
structed the;  new  text. 

41 


I  X  T  R  O  I)  U  C  T  I  O  X 

three  months  since  at  Norwich,  I  was  fetched  by  a 
guard  before  the  Commissioners  and  sent  prisoner  to 
Yarmouth,  and,  if  it  be  not  a  new  offense  to  make  an 
inquiry  wherein  I  have  offended,  (for  hitherto  my 
faults  are  kept  as  close  as  my  person.)  I  am  induced 
to  believe  that,  next  to  my  adherence  to  the  Royal 
Party,  the  cause  of  my  confinement  is  the  narrowness 
of  my  estate,  for  none  stand  committed  whose  estate 
can  bail  them ;  I  only  am  the  prisoner  who  have  no 
acres  to  be  my  hostage.  Now  if  my  poverty  be  crim- 
inal, (with  reverence  be  it  spoken,)  I  must  implead 
your  Highness,  whose  victorious  arms  have  reduced 
me  to  it,  as  accessory  to  my  guilt.  Let  it  suffice,  my 
Lord,  that  the  calamity  of  the  war  hath  made  us  poor; 
do  not  punish  us  for  it.  Whoever  did  penance  for 
being  ravished  ?  Is  it  not  enough  that  we  are  stripped 
so  bare,  but  must  it  be  made  in  order  to  a  severer  lash? 
Must  our  sores  be  engraven  with  our  wounds.''  Must 
we  first  be  made  cripples  and  then  beaten  with  our 
own  crutches.''  Poverty,  if  it  be  a  fault,  'tis  its  own 
punishment;  who  pa^'s  more  for  it,  paj's  use  on  use. 
I  beseech  your  Highness,  put  some  bounds  to  our 
overthrow  and  do  not  pursue  the  chase  to  the  other 
world.  Can  j^our  thunder  be  leveled  so  low  as  our 
groveling  condition?  Can  3'our  towering  spirit, 
which  hath  quarried  upon  kingdoms,  make  a  stoop  at 
us  wh&  are  the  rubbish  of  these  ruins?  Methinks  I 
hear  your  former  achievements  interceding  Avith  you 
not  to  sull}'  your  glories  with  trampling  upon  the 
prostrate  nor  clog  the  wheels  of  3'our  chariot  with  so 

dcgenerous  a  triumph.      The  most  renowned  heroes 

42 


INTRODUCTION 

have  ever  with  such  tenderness  treated  their  captives 
that  their  swords  did  but  cut  out  work  for  their  cour- 
tesies. Tliose  that  fell  by  their  prowess  sprung  up 
by  their  favour,  as  if  they  had  struck  them  down  only 
to  make  them  rebound  the  higher.  I  hope  your  High- 
ness, as  you  are  the  rival  of  their  fame,  will  be  no  less 
of  their  virtues.  The  noblest  trophy  that  you  can 
erect  to  your  honour  is  to  raise  the  afflicted;  and, 
since  you  have  subdued  all  opposition,  it  now  remains 
that  you  attack  yourself  and  with  acts  of  mildness 
vanquish  your  victory.  It  is  not  long  since,  my  Lord, 
that  you  knocked  off  the  shackles  from  most  of  our 
party  and  by  a  grand  release  did  spread  your  clem- 
ency as  far  as  3'our  territories.  Let  not  new  pro- 
scriptions interrupt  our  jubilee!  Let  not  that  your 
lenity  be  slandered  as  the  ambush  of  your  farther 
rigour!  For  the  service  of  his  Majesty,  (if  it  be  ob- 
jected,) I  am  so  far  from  excusing  it  that  I  am  ready 
to  allege  it  in  my  vindication.  I  cannot  conceive  that 
my  fidelity  to  my  Prince  should  taint  me  in  your  opin- 
ion; I  should  rather  expect  it  should  recommend  me 
to  your  favour.  Had  we  not  been  faithful  to  our 
King,  we  could  not  have  given  ourselves  to  be  so  to 
your  Highness;  you  had  then  trusted  us  gratis, 
whereas  now  we  have  our  former  loyalty  to  vouch  for 
us.  You  see,  my  Lord,  how  much  I  presume  upon 
the  greatness  of  your  spirit,  that  dare  prevent  my 
indictment  with  so  frank  a  confession, — especially  in 
this  which  I  may  so  safely  deny  that  it  is  almost  arro- 
gance in  me  to  own  it!  For  the  truth  is,  I  was  not 
qualified  enough  to  serve  him;  all  I  could  do  was  to 

43 


INTRODUCTION 

bear  a  part  in  his  sufferings  and  to  give  myself  to  be 
crushed  with  his  fall.  Thus  my  charge  is  doubled, 
my  obedience  to  my  Sovereign  and  (what  is  the  re- 
sult of  that)  my  want  of  a  fortune.  Now  whatever 
reflection  I  have  upon  the  former,  I  am  a  true  penitent 
for  the  latter.  jNly  Lord,  3'ou  see  my  crimes ;  as  to 
my  defense  you  bear  it  about  you.  I  shall  plead 
nothing  in  my  justification  but  your  Highness's  clem- 
ency which  as  it  is  the  constant  inmate  of  a  valiant 
breast,  if  you  graciously  please  to  extend  to  your  sup- 
pliant in  taking  me  out  of  this  withering  durance, 
jour  Highness  will  find  that  INIercy  will  establish  you 
more  than  Power  though  all  the  days  of  your  life  were 
as  pregnant  with  victories  as  your  twice  auspicious 
third  of  September. 

"Your  Highness's  humble  and  submissive  petitioner 

"J.  C." 

To  one  who  thinks  how  the  whole  body  of  poets 
sang  per  order  to  the  person  in  power,  how  men  like 
Waller  and  even  Dryden  in  '58  were  writing  pan- 
eg3'rics  to  Cromwell  and  in  '60  panegyrics  to  Charles 
the  Second,  there  is  something  refreshing  in  this  let- 
ter. Here  is  one  man  at  least  who  in  adversity  did 
not  deny  his  master. 

Naturally  this  letter  was  enthusiastically  received 
by  his  party.  David  Lloyd,  writing  in  the  security 
of  the  blessed  Refonnation,  thus  characterizes  it : 
".  .  .  he  was  undone  first,  and  afterwards  secured 
at  Norwich,  because  he  was  poor  and  had  not  the 
wherewithall  to  live,  whereupon  he  composed  an  Ad- 

44 


INTRODUCTION 

dresse  to  the  Pageant  Power  at  Whitehall  of  so  much 
gallant  Reason,  and  such  towering  Language,  as 
looked  bigger  than  his  Highness,  shrinking  before  the 
Majesty  of  his  Pen  (the  only  thing  that  ever  I  heard 
wrought  upon  him  that  had  been  too  hard  for  all 
Swords)  representing  that  of  his  Master  and  Cause, 
like  Felix  trembling,  Paul  flattered  one  of  the  meanest 
of  three  Nations,  that  he  ruled,  and  ominously  sent 
him  to  study  the  Law,  which  he  saw  would  prevail,  it 
being  in  vain  to  suppress  that  which  was  supported 
by  the  two  greatest  things  in  the  World,  Wit  and 
Learning."  Here  Cromwell's  motive  for  releasing  him 
is  fear;  the  Nineteenth-Century  writers  call  it  gener- 
osity. This  is  the  way  Carlyle  treats  the  subject: 
"This  is  John  Cleveland  the  famed  Cantab  scholar, 
Royalist  Judge-Advocate,  and  thrice-illustrious  Satir- 
ist and  son  of  the  Muses ;  who  'had  gone  through 
eleven  editions'  in  those  times,  far  transcending  all 
Miltons  and  all  mortals, — and  does  not  now  need  any 
twelfth  edition,  that  we  hear  of.  Still  recognisable 
for  a  man  of  lively  parts,  and  brilliant  petulant  char- 
acter; directed,  alas,  almost  wholly  to  the  worship  of 
clothes, — which  is  by  nature  a  transient  one !  His 
good  fortune  quitted  him,  I  think,  nine  years  ago, 
when  David  Lesley  took  him  prisoner  in  Newark.  A 
stinging  satire  against  the  Scots  had  led  Cleveland  to 
expect  at  least  martyrdom  on  this  occasion;  but  Les- 
ley merely  said,  'Let  the  poor  knave  go  and  sell  his 
ballads ;"  and  dismissed, — towards  thin  diet,  and  a 
darkness  which  has  been  deepening  ever  since.     Very 

low,  now  at  Norwich,  where  he  is  picked  up  by  Colonel 

45 


INTRODUCTION 

Hajnes ;  'Thirt}^  pounds  a  year' ;  'lives  with  a  gentle- 
man to  whom  he  is  giving  some  instruction' ; — unfor- 
tunate son  of  the  Muses.  He  indites  a  highflown 
magnanimous  epistle  to  Cromwell,  on  this  new  misfor- 
tune ;  who  magnanimously  dismisses  him,  to  'sell  his 
ballads'  at  what  little  they  will  bring."  Carlyle's 
foot-note  credits  Bishop  Percy,  with  the  addition 
"very  ignorantly  told  there," — rather  comic  criticism, 
as  the  original  inventor  of  this  pleasing  tale  is  quoted 
word  for  word  by  him  in  the  Biographia!  But  where 
is  the  "magnanimity"  in  this  action  of  Cromwell.''  By 
1655  the  Protectorate  was  firmly  established,  and  if 
there  were  justice  under  that  government,  if  the  indi- 
vidual then  had  any  rights  at  all,  a  tyrannical  im- 
prisonment without  trial  on  a  frivolous  charge  should 
not  only  "magnanimously"  be  rectified,  but  rectified  at 
once  and  with  apologies.  It  is  certainly  to  Cromwell's 
credit,  however,  that  he  was  never  too  busy  to  be 
just. 

But  however  much  writers  may  differ  in  regard  to 
the  reason,  one  and  all  agree  on  the  essential  fact  that 
Cleveland  was  successful  in  his  petition.  Three 
months  from  November  22  brings  the  date  of  the  let- 
ter some  time  in  March,  1656;  so  probably  by  the 
summer  of  that  year  Cleveland  was  at  liberty,  but  "he 
had  contracted  such  a  weakness  and  Disorder  in 
Prison,  as  soon  after  brought  him  to  his  Grave."  Ap- 
parently he  continued  his  wanderings,  as  the  1677 
Preface  says:  "After  many  intermediate  stages 
(which  contended  as  emulously  for  his  abode  as  the 

seven  cities  for  Homer's  birth)   Gray's  Inn  was  his 

46 


INTRODUCTION 

last:  which,  when  he  had  ennobled  with  some  short 
residence  also  .  .  ."  This  is  too  vague  chronolog- 
ically to  aid  us,  but  I  think  we  are  safe  in  saying 
that  he  spent  the  fall  of  '57  in  Gray's  Inn,  London. 
Probably  he  here  practiced  law  as  Lloyd  intimates. 
Ebsworth,  following  Carlyle,  says  he  supported  him- 
self by  selling  his  poems;  I  imagine  that  he  was 
strengthened  in  this  inference  by  the  fact  that  the 
first  edition  of  his  poems  which  he  knew  is  that  of 
1656.  Unfortunately  it  is  far  from  the  first,  and 
from  the  chaotic  condition  of  the  texts,  I  feel  safe  in 
saying  that  no  edition  whatever  of  his  poems  was  ever 
published  under  his  personal  supervision,  nor  did  he 
receive  any  profit  from  the  sale.  (For  a  discussion 
of  this  point,  cf.  App.  D.)  However,  he  is  not  en- 
tered in  the  Gray's  Inn  register.  According  to  Wood, 
he  found  there  "a  generous  Maecenas,"  who  is  prob- 
ably Williamson's  "his,  ever  to  be  honoured,  friend." 
Mr.  Dymock-Fletcher,  in  the  Loughborough  "Adver- 
tiser," and  Mr.  Scollard,  in  the  "Dial,"  conjecture 
this  to  be  a  gentleman  by  the  name  of  Oneby.  As  I 
find  a  John  Oneby e  admitted  to  Gray's  Inn  June  14, 
1651,  who  came  from  Hinckley,  the  probability  seems 
almost  a  certaint3\  Ebsworth  suggests  Samuel  But- 
ler, the  author  of  "Hudibras,"  as  the  "friend" ;  this 
would  be  pleasant  if  true,  but  as  at  that  time  he  had 
not  become  famous,  it  is  not  probable.  Aubrey  is  the 
authority  for  the  statement  "He,  and  Sam.  Butler, 
&c.  of  Grayes  Inne,  had  a  clubb  every  night."  Mr. 
Goadby  says:     "Nichols  says  this  club  included  the 

author  of  'Hudibras' ;  but  this  could  hardly  have  been 

47 


INTRODUCTION 

the  case,  as  Mr.  Robert  Bell  produces  evidence  to  show 
that  Butler  was  steward  at  Ludlow  Castle  in  1661, 
and  had  previously  been  in  other  similar  situations. 
I  have  been  unable  to  discover  the  name  or  members 
of  this  club,  but  I  suspect  it  was  the  'King's  Club,' 
and  that  Cleaveland,  like  all  the  others,  received  the 
cognomen  of  'King'  Cleaveland,  which  he  most  cer- 
tainly deserved."  I,  on  my  part,  have  been  unable  to 
discover  where  ]\Ir.  Robert  Bell  makes  such  a  state- 
ment. In  his  life  of  Butler,  on  the  contrary,  he  says : 
"He  belonged  to  a  club  of  wits  and  loyalists  that  was 
frequented  by  Butler,  and  a  close  intimacy  existed 
between  them."  So  here  I  am  at  dead-center.  Mr. 
Gosse,  in  the  best  of  the  recent  biographies,  says  that 
no  new  discoveries  about  Butler  have  been  made  since 
those  of  Nash  over  a  century  ago,  that  great  obscu- 
rity hangs  over  his  life,  and  does  not  mention  this  par- 
ticular point  at  all.  However,  I  think  that  here  we 
may  trust  Aubrey,  as  certainly  their  names  were  never 
associated  together  in  any  other  period  of  their 
lives. 

Here  in  Gray's  Inn  he  only  lived  a  few  months. 
Probably  the  prison  life  had  weakened  his  constitu- 
tion, for  in  the  forty-fifth  year  of  his  age  he  died  of 
an  intermittent  fever  Thursday  morning,  April  29, 
1658.  With  all  due  honors,  the  body  of  "the  most 
noted  poet  of  his  time"  was  carried  to  Hunsdon-house, 
and  on  May-day  buried  in  the  parish  church  of  St. 
Michael  Royal,  on  College-Hill,  London.  A  Rev. 
Edward  Thurman  performed  the  service  and  the  ser- 
mon was  given  by  Dr.  John  Pearson,  the  author  of  the 

48 


INTRODUCTION 

"Exposition  of  the  Creed,"  aftenvards  Bishop  of 
Chester.  The  funeral  is  described  as  "splendid,"  and 
was  very  largely  attended  by  the  Royalists.  The 
Church  of  St.  Michael  Royal,  the  burial-place  of 
many  of  that  party,  now  no  longer  exists,  as  it  was 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1666.  His  anagram,  John  Cleve- 
land Helicon  Dew,  is,  in  the  delightful  words  of 
Fuller,  "rather  well  endeavoured  than  exactly  per- 
formed." There  are  eleven  elegies  in  his  works  and 
several  others  quoted  to  which  the  same  criticism 
equally  well  applies,  and  consequently  I  have  omitted 
them  from  this  edition;  they  have  not  even  the  inter- 
est of  being  written  by  well-known  men.  But  as  some 
epitaph  is  needed  in  closing,  let  me  again  quote  from 
Fuller:  "A  General  Artist,  Pure  Latinist,  Exquisite 
Orator,  and  (which  was  his  Master-Piece)  Eminent 
Poet.  His  epithets  were  pregnant  with  Metaphors, 
carrying  in  them  a  difficult  plainness,  difficult  at  the 
hearing,  plain  at  the  considering  thereof.  His  lofty 
Fancy  may  seem  to  stride  from  the  top  of  one  Moun- 
tain to  the  top  of  another,  so  making  to  itself  a  con- 
stant Level  and  Champion  of  continued  Elevations." 

The  duty  of  an  editor  is  not  considered  to  have 
been  fulfilled  until  he  has  given  some  account  of  the 
work  of  his  author.  Every  poem  may  be  regarded 
from  two  points  of  view, — the  aesthetic  value,  and  its 
relation  to  the  whole  body  of  literature.  So  far  as 
the  first  is  concerned,  Cleveland's  poems  here  are  pre- 
sented  to   the   reader,   and   if   the   "beauties   of   our 

worthy"  are  not  obvious,  they  are  not  worth  quota- 

49 


INTRODUCTION 

tion.  But  on  the  second  head  a  few  words  may  not  be 
out  of  place. 

It  is  a  commonplace  to  say  that  Elizabethan  litera- 
ture, with  Spenser  as  its  poet  and  Shakespeare  as  its 
dramatist,  is  one  of  the  great  creative  epochs.  It  is 
characterized,  say  the  text-books,  by  spontaneity,  mel- 
ody, and  sensuosity ;  in  fact,  so  much  emphasis  has 
been  laid  upon  the  first  of  these  that  there  is  a  general 
impression  that  they  produced  great  works  without 
exactly  knowing  how  and  without  a  consciousness  of 
the  result.  Even  Shakespeare  is  supposed  to  be  a 
genius  but  not  an  "artist" ;  in  our  own  time,  who  is  so 
ignorant  that  he  would  hesitate  to  improve  Shakes- 
peare by  adapting  him  to  the  modern  stage?  That 
Shakespeare  knew  the  effects  he  wished  to  produce 
and  the  means  to  be  used  to  produce  them  is  an  heret- 
ical opinion  which  finds  little  favor  with  either  the 
stage-managers  or  the  general  public.  It  comes  as 
little  short  of  a  revelation  that  they  in  their  times  had 
the  same  critical  theories  and  futile  discussions  which 
we  are  enjoying  in  our  OAvn. 

Actually,  however,  literature  in  the  broad  sense  is 
correlative  with  life.  It  is  governed  by  the  law  of 
supply  and  demand  as  is  any  other  commodity.  The 
reason  for  the  dominance  of  the  drama  in  the  age  of 
Elizabeth  was  due  to  certain  social  conditions ;  the  de- 
cline of  the  drama  was  equally  due  to  the  rise  of  cer- 
tain other  social  conditions.  Under  the  Virgin  Queen 
the  vitality  of  the  nation  was  at  its  highest  point;  it 
was  exuberantly  young.     As  Wordsworth  says  of  the 

years  of  the  French  Revolution : 

50 


INTRODUCTION 

"  Bliss  was  it  in  that  dawn  to  be  alive ; 

But  to  be  young  was  very  heaven.     O  times 
In  which  the  meager,  stale,  forbidding  ways 
Of  custom,  law,  and  statute  took  at  once 
The  attraction  of  a  country  in  romance." 

When  Spenser  brought  forth  his  delicious  dream  of 
the  glories  of  the  EngHsh  Queen,  melodious,  ideal,  se- 
rene, the  whole  nation  took  up  the  chorus.  The  re- 
pulse of  the  Spanish  Armada  unified  the  national 
consciousness  and  all  English  hearts  beat  as  one. 

This  delightful  condition  lasted  but  a  few  years. 
As  the  danger  from  external  sources  passed  away, 
the  nation  turned  its  attention  to  internal  matters  and 
parties  began.  Even  before  Elizabeth's  death  in 
1603,  the  appearance  of  the  Martin  Mar-Prelate 
pamphlets  are  the  first  indications  of  the  coming 
strife.  In  1604  King  James  called  together  the 
Hampton  Court  Conference,  and  from  that  time  more 
and  more  the  nation  separated  into  two  camps.  Poli- 
tics became  entangled  with  the  ecclesiastical  contro- 
versy, and  the  rights  of  the  king  were  associated  with 
the  rights  of  the  bishops.  Thus  all  matters,  both 
spiritual  and  temporal,  came  under  discussion,  and 
in  place  of  the  previous  unity  there  was  angry 
recrimination. 

With  this  change  in  the  social  conditions  there  was 

a  corresponding  change  in  the  literary  fashion.     In 

the  hands  of  his  professed  disciples,  such  as  Browne 

or  Bass,  Spenser's  lyre  divine  had  degenerated  into 

long  poems  easv  and  melodious,  but  full  of  intermin- 

51 


I  N  T  R  O  D  U  C  T  I  O  X 

able  discussions  about  things  not  worth  discussing, 
futile  (h"gressions,  and  silly  dialogues.  The  new  poets, 
under  the  brilliant  leadership  of  Donne,  reacted,  in- 
troduced elaborate  intellectual  conceptions,  careful, 
deliberate  wording,  and  a  harsh  versification.  Men 
whose  minds  Avere  stimulated  by  the  exciting  affairs  of 
cvcry-da}^  life  turned  with  disgust  from  the  insipid 
Willies  and  inane  Marinas ;  they  demanded  poetry  of 
an  intellectual  cast.  The  literature  of  this  time  is 
characterized  by  the  use  of  "conceits."  This  peculi- 
arity consists  in  a  kind  of  punning  on  ideas.  Just  as 
when  the  string  of  a  violin  is  struck,  there  is  one  clear, 
simple  tone  and  a  series  of  overtones,  so  these  poems 
have  one  main  thought  which  suggests  a  series  of 
quite  different  ideas.  In  Cleveland's  "Fuscara,"  page 
63,  the  main  idea  is  that  a  bee  has  alighted  upon  his 
mistress,  crawled  up  her  arm,  and  stung  her ;  the  over- 
tones are  that  the  bee  is  a  confectioner,  an  alchemist, 
a  freebooter,  that  her  arm  is  paradise,  that  her  hand 
is  the  essence  of  sweetness,  etc.  It  was  not  profound 
thought  that  the  age  demanded ;  it  was  rather  that 
they  enjoj-ed  the  mental  exercise  of  comprehending 
the  play  of  ideas. 

This  literature,  peculiar  to  itself,  has  yet  cer- 
tain forerunners  in  the  age  of  Elizabeth.  Lilly's 
"Euphues"  (1578-9)  has  curious  comparisons  with 
fabulous  beasts.  Sylvester,  in  his  translation  of  "Du 
Bartas"  (1590),  and  Chapman,  in  his  continuation  of 
jMarlowe's  "Hero  and  Leander"  (1598),  show  the  be- 
ginnings of  the  movement.  Oddly  enough,  contem- 
poraneously in  Italy  and  Spain,  in  the  work  of  Ma- 

53 


INTRODUCTION 

rino  and  Gongora,  we  find  a  somewhat  similar  devel- 
opment. Marino's  influence  upon  these  poets  seems 
to  have  been  exaggerated ;  his  style  is  rather  rich  and 
flamboyant  than  "conceited."  This  may  be  illustrated 
by  a  quotation  from  the  first  idyll,  "La  Bruna  Pasto- 
rella,"  in  his  "La  Sampogna."  The  shepherdess  Lilla 
asks : 

"  Edonde  cosi  tardi 

Caro  il  mio  Lidio,  hor  viensi,  e  dove  vassi.** 

So  che  potea  ben'  io 

La  tra  le  due  fontana 
Nel  vallon  degli  abeti  hoggi  aspertarti. 

To  which  Lidio  responds: 

"  Lilla  mia,  credi  pure 

Che  quando  da  te  lunga  una  brev'  hora 

Faccio  altrove  dimora,  altra  due  fonti, 

Ma  piij  larghe  e  piu  vive, 

Di  quelle  che  dicesti, 

Mi  discorron  dagli  occhi." 
This  is  simply  exaggerated  over-statement.  In  any 
case  the  reason  for  the  popularity  of  this  school  lies 
deeper  than  mere  imitation  and  translation.  We  may 
agree  with  Dr.  Johnson  in  disliking  this  kind  of 
poetry,  but  we  must  guard  against  the  assumption  so 
often  made  that  the  poets  wrote  it  unconsciously  and 
because  they  knew  no  better.  This  is  distinctly  un- 
true ;  they  were  conscious  literary  artists,  working  for 
a  definite  object  in  response  to  the  poetic  demand  of 
their  time. 

Because  Cleveland  could  satisfy  that  demand,  he 
53 


INTRODUCTION 

was  the  most  popular  writer  of  the  day.  His  mind, 
as  we  have  seen  in  his  prose,  was  peculiarly  suited  to 
this  style.  His  influence  can  scarcely  be  exaggerated. 
Quotations  have  already  been  given  on  this  point,  but 
it  is  so  important  that  a  few  more  must  be  included. 
We  have  the  best  of  testimony  from  one  who  was 
not  inclined  to  exaggerate  in  his  favor.  Edward 
Phillips,  Milton's  nephew,  evidently  a  little  jealous 
for  his  uncle's  reputation,  thus  sums  up  his  remarks 
on  Cleveland:  "In  fine,  so  great  a  Man  hath  Cleave- 
land  been  in  the  Estimation  of  the  generality,  in  re- 
gard that  his  Conceits  were  out  of  the  common  road, 
and  Wittily  far  fetch't,  that  Grave  Men  in  outward 
appearance  have  not  spar'd  in  my  hearing  to  affirm 
him  the  best  of  English  Poets,  and  let  them  think  so 
still,  who  ever  please,  provided  it  be  made  no  Article 
of  Faith."  But  we  have  the  still  more  positive  proof : 
he  was  most  extensively  imitated.  To  "Clevelandize" 
was  once  as  common  as  now  it  is  to  write  "Carlylese" ; 
in  '62,  j'uller  notes:  "Some  who  have  Clevelandized, 
indeavouring  to  imitate  his  Masculine  Stile,  could 
never  go  beyond  the  Hermaphrodite,  still  betraying 
the  weaker  Sex  in  their  deficient  conceits" ;  Dryden,  in 
'68,  defines  "Clevclandism"  as  "wresting  and  tortur- 
ing a  word  into  another  meaning" ;  and  the  '77  Preface 
complains  that  his  reputation  has  been  injured  "by 
those  that  are  ambitious  to  lay  their  Cuckows  egges 
in  his  nest."  In  fact,  it  is  just  this  condition  which 
presents  the  greatest  difficulty  to  his  editor;  certainly 
half  of  the  poems  contained  in  the  edition  of  1687, 
the  "best"  edition  according  to  Lowndes,  are  only  his 

6* 


INTRODUCTION 

by  courtesy.  And  it  is  for  tliis  reason  that  in  general 
any  stray  remarks  on  Cleveland  in  works,  otherwise 
standard,  are  usually  worthless,  as  very  naturally  the 
writers  were  ignorant  of  this  all-important  fact,  and 
have  drawn  their  inferences  from  poems  whose  author- 
ship is  doubtful. 

By  these  few  quotations,  selected  almost  at  random 
from  a  number,  the  fact  of  his  popularity  is  estab- 
hshed.  Let  us  now  see  what  they  admired  and  imi- 
tated. I  shall  quote  again  from  the  '77  Preface: 
"Yet  how  many  such  authors  must  be  creamed  and 
spirited  to  make  up  his  'Fuscara!'  And  how  many 
of  their  slight  productions  may  be  gigged  out  of  one 
of  his  pregnant  words !  There  perhaps  you  may  find 
some  leaf-gold,  here  massy  wedges;  there  some  scat- 
tered rays,  here  a  galaxy;  there  some  loose  fancy 
frisking  in  the  air,  here  wit's  zodiac";  and  David 
Lloyd  says :  "He  was  a  general  Artist,  and  a  univer- 
sal Scholar,  that  had  the  patience  to  squeeze  all  the 
proper  Learning  that  had  any  coherence  with  it,  into 
each  fancy,  which  ran  like  the  soul  it  dwelled  in  in  a 
minute,  through  the  whole  circle  both  of  Sciences  and 
Languages,  by  the  strength  of  an  exercised  memory 
that  conned  out  of  books  all  it  read;  Mr.  Cleveland 
reckoned  himself  to  know  just  so  much  as  he  remem- 
bered, his  fancy  in  his  elaborate  Pieces  of  Poetry, 
wherein  he  excelled,  summing  whole  books  into  a  Met- 
aphor, and  whole  Metaphors  into  an  Epithite  ..." 
Surely  I  have  given  sufficient  quotations  to  show  that 
the  simple  little  lyrics,  which  we  now  admire  and  which 

are  considered  typical,  are  not  characteristic.     It  is 

55 


INTRODUCTION 

putting  it  too  strongly,  but  with  a  measure  of  truth, 
to  say  that  we  of  this  age  applaud  what  were  the  fail- 
ures of  the  time. 

It  is  on  this  point  that  I  take  issue  squarely  with 
Mr.  Gosse*  in  his  opinion  of  the  relative  position  of 
Cleveland  and  Waller.  "We  have  hitherto  noted  no 
opposition  to  the  new  forms  of  poetical  writing  (that 
of  Waller).  .  .  .  Waller  put  out  his  discovery,  his 
fascinating  new  form,  and  the  young  poets  only 
needed  to  perceive  it,  to  understand  what  he  was  talk- 
ing about,  to  follow  him  like  sheep."  But  there  was 
a  reaction.  "The  aim  of  these  writers  was  to  restore 
poetry  to  a  rugged  English  force,  to  dismiss  the  ele- 
gancies of  a  Gallic  style,  and  to  strengthen  verse 
without  abandoning  the  overflow.  ...  A  strong 
romantic  poetry,  freed  from  the  tawdry  ornament  of 
the  Marinists,  was  a  middle  course  between  Donne  and 
Waller,  which  it  would  have  been  a  happy  thing  if 
Cleveland  could  have  seen  his  way  to  create.  ...  A 
bitter  and  determined  foe  to  Marinism  in  his  mature 
years,  he  began  life  as  a  Marinist  of  the  most  frantic 
species.  .  .  .  Cleveland  betrays  a  curious  sense  of 
his  own  failure  as  a  poet;  he  is  on  the  borderland  of 
distinction,  but  he  never  quite  crosses  it.  He  would 
have  fain  have  made  his  gift  of  real  service  to  the 
State.  .  .  .  But  he  was  conscious  all  the  time  that 
he  was  not  a  force."  Then  follows  the  first  four  lines 
of  the  poem  "Rupcrtismus,"  page  130.  It  seems  to 
me  that  Mr.  Gosse  is  mistaken  here.     The  third  edi- 

•  "  From    Shakespeare   to    Pope " — by   Edmund   Gosse,    New 
York,  1885.     Pp.  156,  flF. 

56 


INTRODUCTION 

tion  of  Waller's  poems  is  dated  1668,  and  by  that 
time  there  were  certainly  twenty  of  Cleveland's. 
There  is  something  delightfully  out  of  proportion 
in  calling  it  a  "reaction,"  particularly  as  Wal- 
ler's poems  were  only  first  published  in  1645.  The 
reaction  must  have  been  immediate  and  almost  uni- 
versal !  Again,  as  there  was  no  reaction,  there  could 
have  been  no  such  aim  as  Mr.  Gosse  suggests.  But 
the  most  surprising  statement  is  that  Cleveland  was 
"a  bitter  and  determined  foe  to  Marinism  in  his  ma- 
ture years" ;  I  cannot  even  guess  at  the  reasoning 
which  led  to  it.  The  last  poem  of  his  which  may  be 
accurately  dated  is  "The  King's  Disguise,"  and  that 
is  as  Marinistic  as  any.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that 
Bishop  Lake  did  not  see  fit  to  tell  us  his  principles  of 
rejection,  but  as  the  case  stands,  before  any  inference 
can  be  based  on  any  poem  in  Part  III,  it  has  first  to 
be  proved  that  he  wrote  that  poem  and  certainly  from 
internal  criticism  the  absence  of  Marinism  would  mili- 
tate against  his  authorship.  His  next  sentence  is 
evidently  an  inference  from  the  four  lines  which  he 
quotes ;  it  seems  to  me  that  the  facts  are  against  him. 
If  Cleveland  was  conscious  that  he  was  not  a  force  in 
the  State,  to  the  best  of  my  information  he  was  cer- 
tainly ignorant  of  the  effect  of  his  own  publications; 
nor  can  I  believe  that  any  man  whose  works  were  con- 
tinually pirated  and  who  was  personally  honored  by 
his  party,  would  be  so  self  condemnatory.  It  would 
be  indeed  a  "curious  sense  of  his  own  failure."  My 
conception  of  Cleveland  and  his  work  is,  as  you  have 
seen,  utterly  different  from  the  modest  role  which  Mr. 

57 


INTRODUCTION 

Gosse  assigns  him;  to  ine  he  is  the  last  and  most  rep- 
resentative of  the  Metaphjsicals,  and  to  be  studied  by 
one  who  seeks  a  knowledge  of  that  period. 

In  regard  to  his  experiments  in  verse,  very  little 
need  be  said,  as  you  have  them  before  you.  But  I 
should  like  to  call  your  attention  to  the  dactylic  struc- 
ture in  tlie  poem  of  "Mark  Antony."  Mr.  Gosse 
points  out  that  Cleveland  is  here  making  the  first  de- 
h'bcrate  use  of  dactyls  in  English,  with  a  few  excep- 
tions in  the  Elizabethan  verse  which  w'ere  apparently 
accidental.  As  Shipper  shows,  "Ihre  Existenz  in  der 
cn?lischcn  Litcratur  datiert  allerdings  wohl  seit  den 
friil'.cr  bcroits  erwahnten  erstcn  Versuchen,  den  class- 
isclicn  Hexameter  nachzubilden,"  but  there  also  it  is 
cccasicnal.  It  has  been  said  that  Donne's  "Twicken- 
ham Garden"  begins  with  a  line  in  this  measure: 

"  Blasted  with  sighs  and  surrounded  with  tears," 

bi  t  as  the  first  line  of  every  other  verse  is  an  iambic 
pentameter,  Lowell  reads  it  as  an  iambic  pentameter 
also,  thus : 

"  Blasted  w  ith  sighs  and  surrounded  with  tears." 

However,  in  any  case  it  was  purely  accidental;  while 
3CU  will  notice  here  that  Cleveland  repeats  the  effect 
in  all  four  verses.  Almost  this  identical  stanza  form 
is  used  by-Cunningham  in  his  "Newcastle  Beer";  the 
variation  here  introduced,  namely  the  omission  of  the 
refrain,  el  anging  the  rh^'me  scheme  from  aaabccb  to 
aiibccb  in  the  diameter  portion,  and  lengthening  the  bb 

5a 


INTRODUCTION 

lines  to  tetrameter,  was  followed  by  Scott  in  the  well- 
known  song  in  the  "Lady  of  the  Lake,"  "Hail  to  the 
Chief  Who  in  Triumph  Advances,"  and  in  "A  Border 
Ballad,"  and  by  Swinburne  in  his  "Word  for  the 
Country."  So  Cleveland  must  be  ranked  as  the  in- 
ventor of  a  popular  stanza.  In  this  connection, 
note  also  the  metrical  effects  in  "Square  Cap,"  "The 
General  Eclipse,"  and  "How  the  Commencement 
Grows  New." 

There  is  yet  another  side  of  his  personality  to  be 
considered,  namely  his  relation  to  the  great  authors 
of  the  time ;  it  is  all  inferential,  however,  except  in  the 
case  of  Butler.  How  well  he  knew  Randolph  it  is 
impossible  to  say;  one  of  his  poems  was  included  in 
Randolph's  1640  edition,  which  may  show  a  connec- 
tion between  the  men.  In  "The  Author  to  His  Herm- 
aphrodite" he  addresses  Randolph  as  "Tom."  Ran- 
dolph was  a  Fellow  of  Trinity  when  he  was  studying 
for  his  M.A.  If  this  friendship  could  be  proved, 
we  should  have  the  key  to  the  appearance  of  Cleveland 
in  the  "Jonsonus  Virbius,"  for  Randolph  was  one  of 
the  "sons  of  Ben"  and  an  enthusiastic  admirer. 
Cleveland  would  then  have  a  special  interest  in  the 
aged  poet,  might  even  have  been  included  in  his 
"sons,"  and  Gilford's  conjecture  as  to  the  authorship 
of  the  second  elegy,  page  176,  and  the  "Ode"  would 
be  almost  substantiated.  It  must  be  said,  nevertheless, 
that  Cleveland,  in  his  work,  shows  more  acquaintance 
with  Shakespeare  than  with  Jonson.  I  do  not  believe 
that  Milton  and  he  were  great  friends.  To  be  sure 
they  were  at  the  same  collep-e,  but  a  difference  of  seven 

59 


INTRODUCTION 

years  in  age  is  greater  then  than  at  any  other  period 
of  a  man's  hfe.  In  his  work  he  challenges  compari- 
son in  the  two  points  already  mentioned,  in  the 
"Oratio  habita  in  Scholis  Publicis  cum  officio  Patris 
fungeretur,"  he  certainly  must  have  been  the  more 
successful ;  but  the  poem  on  Edward  King  cannot  for 
a  moment  be  compared  with  "L3'cidas,"  although  I 
think  that  it  shows  more  personal  feeling. 

With  the  case  of  Butler  we  are  on  more  solid 
ground.  If  Aubrey  is  to  be  trusted,  there  was  a  close 
personal  intimacy  between  them,  and  all  agree  that 
Cleveland,  though  the  younger  man,  was  Butler's  lit- 
erary master.  In  1657  Butler  was  utterly  unknown, 
never  having  published  anything,  and  Cleveland  had  a 
national  reputation.  The  tricks,  used  but  rarely  by 
Cleveland  in  his  formal  satire,  were  emphasized  by 
Butler  for  his  burlesque  effect.  They  used  the  same 
whimsical  exaggeration  and  the  same  sharp  epigram- 
matic wit  to  ridicule  the  same  things ;  but  with  this 
difference,  Butler  could  afford  to  laugh.  In  reading 
"Hudibras"  one  is  continually  reminded  of  Cleveland. 
Butler's  characteristic  artifices  are  the  use  of  double 
rhymes,  such  as  the  couplet  on  page  123,  lines  5  and 
6 ;  and  the  rhetorical  zeugma  such  as, 

"  Sack  possets,  and  the  fundamental  laws,"  page  149,  line  100. 
Thus  Butler's  poem  is  but  the  logical  development  of 
Cleveland's  suggestions.  This  docs  not  detract  from 
the  value  of  "Hudibras" ;  the  wit  is  Butler's  own,  and 
it  is  to  his  credit  that  he  was  sufficiently  clever  to  per- 
ceive what  a  powerful  engine  lay  ready  to  his  hand. 

Cleveland   has   also   the   honor  of  being  the  first 
60 


INTRODUCTION 

"English"  satirist,  and  therefore  the  father  of  a  long 

line  of  brilliant  writers ;  "English"  in  comparison  with 

the  "Latin"  satire  of  Donne  and  Hall.     In  1593  and 

1597   Donne   and   Hall   respectively   wrote   so-called 

satires.     Each  took  for  his  model  the  Latin  satirist 

Persius  and,  as  an  object,  man  in  contradiction  to  men ; 

that   is,    they    attacked   types,   and    not    individuals. 

Now  Persius  is  obscure  and  the  obscurity  of  the  Latin 

satire  in  English,  in  the  followers  of  Donne  and  Hall, 

is  intentional,  as  is  the  universality  of  its  application. 

Wither's  "Abuses  Stripped  and  Whipped"  is  of  this 

class,  and  it  is  difficult  to  see  why  he  should  have  been 

punished  for  it ;  Cleveland's  innovation  was  simply  the 

introduction  of  personal  for  impersonal  abuse.     By 

this  simple  change  he  becomes  the  first  of  our  satirists. 

He  wrote  personal  attacks  in  the  heroic  couplet,  and 

that  form  has  become  the  typical  one  for  this  kind  of 

work.     I  do  not  wish  to  over-estimate  this  position, 

because  in  the  first  place  it  was  bound  to  come  in  any 

case,  and  secondly  it  was  largely  due  to  the  temporal 

conditions.      None    of    his    political    work    antedates 

164:0,  and  by  that  time  the  laws  for  Hccnsing  were  so 

relaxed  that  it  was  possible  to  produce  work  which 

could   not   have   passed   the   censorship   a   few   years 

earlier.     However,  coming  as  he  did,  the  right  man  in 

the  right  place,  he  left  an  indelible  impress  on  the 

course  of  literature.     It  would  be  interesting  to  trace 

the   influence   of   Cleveland   upon   Dry  den;   we   know 

that  Dryden  was  familiar  with  his  work  and  many 

lines  of  Cleveland  are  curiously  pre-Drydenic. 

In  closing,  let  me  say  that  it  is  remarkable  that 
61 


INTRODUCTION 

Cleveland  should  have  been  so  entirely  forgotten. 
Other  and  less  characteristic  poets  of  the  group  are 
to  be  found  in  modern  editions,  but  Cleveland,  the 
great  figure  of  his  own  time,  a  brilliant  personality,  a 
clever  artist,  "this  eminent  poet,  the  wit  of  our  age," 
is  unknown  save  to  a  few  specialists. 


62 


FUSCARA,  OR  THE  BEE  ERRANT 

Nature's  confectioner,  the  bee, 
(Whose  sockets  are  moist  alchemy, 
The  still  of  his  refining  mold 
Minting  the  garden  into  gold,) 
Having  rifled  all  the  fields 
Of  what  dainties  Flora  yields, 
Ambitious  now  to  take  excise 
Of  a  more  fragrant  paradise, 
At  my  Fuscara's  sleeve  arrived 

10  Where  all  delicious  sweets  are  hived. 
The  airy  freebooter  distrains 

First  on  the  violet  of  her  veins. 
Whose  tincture,  could  it  be  more  pure. 
His  ravenous  kiss  had  made  it  bluer. 
Here  did  he  sit  and  essence  quaff 
Till  her  coy  pulse  had  beat  him  off^; 
That  pulse  which  he  that  feels  may  know 
Whether  the  world's  long  lived  or  no. 
The  next  he  preys  on  is  her  palm, 
20  That  almoner  of  transpiring  balm; 
So  soft,  'tis  air  but  once  removed ; 
Tender  as  'twere  a  jelly  gloved. 
Here,  while  his  canting  drone-pipe  scanned 
The  mystic  fiures  of  her  hand. 
He  tipples  palmistry  and  dines 

11  The  ayrie  Freebooters  distrains  '59,  '62,  '65. 
25  He  tipples  Palmestrv,  and  dives  '53,  '62,  '65. 

63 


On  all  her  fortune-telling  lines. 
lie  bathes  in  bliss  and  finds  no  odds 
Betwixt  her  nectar  and  the  gods. 
He  perches  now  upon  her  wrist, 

30  A  proper  hawk  for  such  a  fist, 
Making  that  flesh  his  bill  of  fare 
Which  hungry  cannibals  would  spare; 
Where  lilies  in  a  lovely  brown 
Inoculate  carnation. 
Her  argent  skin  with  or  so  streamed 
As  if  the  milky  way  were  creamed. 
From  hence  he  to  the  woodbine  bends 
Tliat  quivers  at  her  finger's  ends, 
That  runs  division  on  the  tree 

40  Like  a  thick-branching  pedigree. 
So  'tis  not  her  the  bee  devours, 
It  is  a  pretty  maze  of  flowers ; 
It  is  the  rose  that  bleeds,  when  he 
Nibbles  his  nice  phlebotomy. 
About  her  finger  he  doth  cling 
In  the  fashion  of  a  wedding-ring. 
And  bids  his  comrades  of  the  swarm 
Crawl  like  a  bracelet  'bout  her  arm. 
Thus  when  the  hovering  publican 

50  Had  sucked  the  toll  of  all  her  span, 
Tuning  his  draughts  with  drowsy  hums 
As  Danes  carouse  by  kettle-drums, 

26  On  all  her  fortune  telling  lives.     '53,  '62,  ^65. 
28  Betwixt  the  Nectar  and  the  Gods.     '53,  '59. 

Betwixt  this  Nectar  and  the  Gods.     '77,  '87,  '99. 
39  That  runs  division  on  the  three,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
48  Crawl  as  a  bracelet  'bout  her  arm,  '53. 

Crawl  on  a  bracelet  'bout  her  arm.     '59,  '62,  '65. 

51  Turning  his  draughts  with  drousy  hums,  '62. 

G4 


It  was  decreed,  that  poesie  gleaned, 
The  small  famihar  should  be  weaned. 
At  this  the  errant's  courage  quails; 
Yet  aided  bj  his  native  sails 
The  bold  Columbus  still  designs 
To  find  her  undiscovered  mines. 
To  the  Indies  of  her  arm  he  flies, 

60  Fraught  with  east  and  western  prize; 
Which  when  he  had  in  vain  essayed. 
Armed  like  a  dapper  lancepesade 
With  Spanish  pike,  he  broached  a  pore 
And  so  both  made  and  healed  the  sore: 
For  as  in  gummy  trees  is  found 
A  salve  to  issue  at  the  wound. 
Of  this,  her  breach,  the  like  was  true; 
Hence  trickled  out  a  balsam,  too. 
But  oh,  what  wasp  was  it  that  could  prove 

70  Ravaillac  to  my  Queen  of  Love ! 

The  king  of  bees,  now  jealous  grown 
Lest  her  beams  should  melt  his  throne, 
And  finding  that  his  tribute  slacks, 
(His  burgesses  and  state  of  wax 
Turned  to  a  hospital,  the  combs 
Built  rank  and  file  like  beadsmen's  rooms,) 
And  what  they  bleed  but  tart  and  sour 
Matched  with  my  Danae's  golden  shower. 
Live  honey  all,  the  envious  elf 

80  Stung  her  'cause  sweeter  than  himself. 
Sweetness  and  she  are  so  allied 
The  bee  committed  parricide. 

70  Ratilias  to  my  Queen  of  Love?     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

71  The  King  of  Bees  now's  jealous  grown,  '53,  '59. 

76  Build  rank  and  file  like  Beads-mens  rooms,  '59,  '65. 

65 


TO  THE   STATE  OF  LOVE 

OR    THE    SEXSES'    FESTIVAIi 

I  saw  a  vision  yesternight 
Enough  to  sate  a  Seeker's  sight; 
I  wished  myself  a  Shaker  there, 
And  her  quick  pants  my  trembhng  sphere. 
It  was  a  she  so  ghttcring  bright, 
You'd  think  her  soul  an  Adamite ; 
A  person  of  so  rare  a  frame, 
Her  body  might  be  lined  with  the  same. 
Beauty's  chiefest  maid  of  honour, 
10  You  may  break  Lent  with  looking  on  her. 
Not  the  fair  Abbess  of  the  skies 
With  all  her  nunnery  of  e3^es 
Can  show  me  such  a  glorious  prize! 

And  3'et  because  'tis  more  renown 
To  make  a  shadow  shine,  she's  brown, — 
A  brown  for  which  Heaven  would  disband 
The  galaxy  and  stars  be  tanned ; 
Brown  by  reflection  as  her  eye 
Dazzle's  the  summer's  livery. 

2  Fnoiiph  to  tempt  a  seeker's  sight,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

3  I  wisht  myself  a  shakes  there.     '62 

1-  And  her  quick  pulse  my  trembling  sphere.    '53,  '59,  '62, '65. 

H  Her  liody  might  he  lin'd  with  'same  '53,  '62. 
'0  You'd  hrcak  a  Lent  with  looking  on  her.     '53,  '59,  '62,  'G5. 
19  Deals  out  the  Summer's  Livery.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

66 


20  Old  dormant  windows  must  confess 

Her  beams  their  glimmering  spectacles ; 
Struck  with  the  splendor  of  her  face 
Do  the  office  of  a  burning  glass. 

Now  where  such  radiant  lights  have  shown 
No  wonder  if  her  cheeks  be  grown 
Sunburned,  with  lustre  of  her  own. 

My  sight  took  pay  but  (thank  my  charms !) 
I  now  impale  her  in  mine  arms, — 
(Love's  compasses  confining  you, 
30  Good  angels,  to  a  circle  too.) 
Is  not  the  universe  straight-laced 
When  I  can  clasp  it  in  the  waist  .f* 
My  amorous  folds  about  thee  hurled 
With  Drake  I  girdle  in  the  world; 
I  hoop  the  firmament,  and  make 
This,  my  embrace,  the  zodiac. 

How  could  thy  center  take  m^^  sense 
When  admiration  doth  commence 
At  the  extreme  circumference? 

40  Now  to  the  melting  kiss  that  sips 
The  jellied  philtre  of  her  lips; 
So  sweet  there  is  no  tongue  can  praise  't 
Till  transubstantiate  with  a  taste. 
Inspired  like  Mahomet  from  above 
By  the  billing  of  my  heavenly  dove 

30  Good  Angels  to  a  compass  too.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

33  My  amorous  foulds  about  these  hurl'd,  '65. 

My  amorous  Fold  about  thee  hurl'd,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

34  With  Drake  I  compass  in  the  World;  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
36  How  would  thy  center  take  my  sense,  '53,  '59,  '62^  '65. 

67 


Love  prints  his  signets  in  her  smacks, 
Those  ruddy  drops  of  squeezing  wax, 
Wliicli,  wheresoever  she  imparts, 
They're  privy  seals  to  take  up  hearts. 
50       Our  mouths  encountering  at  the  sport 
My  slippery  soul  had  quit  the  fort 
But  that  she  stopped  the  sally-port. 

Next  to  these  sweets,  her  lips  dispence 

(As  twin  conserves  of  eloquence,) 

The  sweet  perfume  her  breath  affords, 

Incorporating  with  her  words. 

No  rosary  this  votress  needs, — 

Her  very  syllables  are  beads ; 

No  sooner  'twixt  those  rubies  born, 
60  But  jewels  are  in  ear-rings  worn. 

With  what  delight  her  speech  doth  enter ; 

It  is  a  kiss  of  the  second  venter. 
And  I  dissolve  at  what  I  hear 
As  if  another  Rosamond  were 
Couched  in  the  labyrinth  of  my  ear. 

Yet  that's  but  a  prcludious  bliss. 
Two  souls  pickeering  in  a  kiss. 
Embraces  do  but  draw  the  line, 
'Tis  stomu'ng  that  must  take  her  in. 
70  When  bodies  join  and  victory  hovers 
'Twixt  the  equal  fluttering  lovers, 
This  is  the  game ;  make  stakes,  my  dear ! 

53  Next  to  those  sweets  her  lips  dispence,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
CI   Willi  what   delight  our  speech  doth  enter?     ,65. 
70  When  hodies  whine,  and  victory  hovers  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

68 


Hark,  how  the  sprightly  chiinticlccr, 
(That  Baron  Tell-clock  of  the  night, 
Sounds  boutesel  to  Cupid's  knight. 
Then  have  at  all,  the  pass  is  got, 
For  coming  off,  oh,  name  it  not ! 
Who  would  not  die  upon  the  spot? 


69 


TO  JULIA  TO  EXPEDITE  HER  PR0:MISE 

Since  'tis  my  doom,  Love's  undershrieve, 
Why  this  reprieve? 
Why  doth  111}'  she  advowson  fly 

Incumbency? 
Panting  expectance  makes  us  prove 
The  antics  of  benighted  love, 
And  withered  mates  when  wedlock  joins, 
They're  Hymen's  monkeys,  which  he  ties  by  the 
To  play  alas !  but  at  rebated  foins.  [loins 

10  To  sell  th3'sclf  dost  thou  intend 

By  candle's  end, 

And  hold  the  contract  thus  in  doubt 

Life's  taper  out? 

Think  but  how  soon  the  market  fails; 

Your  sex  lives  faster  than  the  males ; 

As  if,  to  nu-asure  age's  span. 

The  sober  Julian  were  the  account  of  man 

Whilst  you  live  by  the  fleet  Gregorian. 

Now  since  you  bear  a  date  so  short, 
20  Live  double  for  it. 

How  can  thy  fortress  ever  stand 

If  it  be  not  manned? 
The  siege  so  gains  upon  the  place 

II   By  candle  end?     'Ci?,  '65. 

70 


Thou'lt  find  the  trenches  in  thy  face. 
Pity  thyself  then  if  not  me, 
And  hold  not  out,  lest  like  Ostend  thou  be, 
Nothing  but  rubbish  at  delivery. 

The  candidates  of  Peter's  chair 

Must  plead  gray  hair, 
30  And  use  the  simony  of  a  cough 

To  help  them  off. 

But  when  I  woo  thus  old  and  spent 

I'll  wed  by  will  and  testament. 

No,  let  us  love  while  crisped  and  curled ; 

The  greatest  honours,  on  the  aged  hurled, 

Are  but  furlows  for  another  world. 

Tomorrow  what  thou  tenderest  me 

Is  legacy. 
Not  one  of  all  those  ravenous  hours 
40  But  thee  devours. 

And  though  thou  still  requited  be. 
Like  Pelops,  with  soft  ivory. 
Though  thou  consume  but  to  renew. 
Yet  Love  as  lord  doth  claim  a  Heriot  due  ; 
That's  the  best  quick  thing  I  can  find  of  you. 

I  feel  thou  art  consenting  ripe 

By  that  soft  gripe. 

And  those  regealing  crystal  spheres. 
I  hold  thy  tears 
50  Pledges  of  more  distilling  sweets 

Than  the  bath  that  ushers  in  the  sheets. 

34  Line  34  is  omitted  in  '59,  '62,  '65. 
51  The  bath  that  ushers  in  the  sheets,  '53,  '59,  '62,  'Co. 

71 


Klsc  pious  Julia,  angcl-wisc, 

AIoYcs  the  Bcthesda  of  licr  trickling  eyes 

To  cure  the  spittle  world  of  maladies. 


THE  HECATOMB  TO  HIS  MISTRESS 

Be  dumb  you  beggars  of  the  rhyming  trade, 
Geld  your  loose  wits  and  let  your  Muse  be  spade. 
Charge  not  the  Parish  with  your  bastard  phrase 
Of  balm,  elixir,  both  the  Indias, 
Of  shrine,  saint,  sacrifice,  and  such  as  these 
Expressions,  common  as  your  mistresses. 
Hence  you  fantastic  postillcrs  in  song. 
My  text  defeats  your  art,  ties  Nature's  tongue, 
Scorns  all  her  tinseled  metaphors  of  pelf, 
10  Illustrated  by  nothing  but  herself. 
As  spiders  travel  by  their  bowels  spun 
Into  a  thread,  and  when  the  race  is  run 
Wind  up  their  journey  in  a  living  clew, 
So  is  it  with  my  poetry  and  you. 
From  your  own  essence  must  I  first  untwine, 
Then  twist  again  each  panegyric  line. 
Reach  then  a  soaring  quill  that  I  may  write 
As  with  a  Jacob's  staff  to  take  her  height. 

1  Be  dumb  ye  beggars  of  the  rhiming  Trade,  '59,  '65. 

2  Geld  the  loose  wits,  and  let  the  Muse  be  splaid.     '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 

3  Charge  not  the  parish  with  the  bastard  phrase  '53,  '59,  '62. 

5  Of   shrine,   saint,   sacriledge,   and    such   as   these   '53,   '59, 

'62,  '65. 

6  Expressions,  common  as  their  Mistresses.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

7  Hence  ye  fantastick  Postillus  in  song,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

9  Scorns  all  his  tinsel'd  metaphers  of  pelf,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
10  Illustrated  by  nothing  but  his  self.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
18  As  with  a  Jacobs  staff  to  take  the  height.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

73 


Suppose  an  angel,  darting  through  the  air, 
20  Should  there  encounter  a  religious  prayer 
^Mounting  to  Heaven,  that  Intelligence 
Would  for  a  Sunday-suit  thy  breath  condense 
Into  a  body.     Let  me  crack  a  string 
And  venture  higher.      Were  the  note  I  sing 
Above  Heaven's  Ela,  should  I  then  decline 
And  with  a  deep-mouthed  gamut  sound  the  line 
From  pole  to  pole,  I  could  not  reach  her  worth, 
Nor  find  an  epithet  to  shadow  it  forth. 
Metals  may  blazon  common  beauties ;  she 
30  flakes  pearls  and  planets  humble  heraldry. 
As,  then,  a  purer  substance  is  defined 
But  by  a  heap  of  negatives  combined, — 
Ask  what  a  spirit  is,  you'll  hear  them  cry 
It  hath  no  matter,  no  mortality, — 
So  can  I  not  describe  how  sweet,  how  fair ; 
Only  I  say  she's  not  as  others  are. 
For  what  perfection  we  to  others  grant, 
It  is  her  sole  perfection  to  want. 
AH  other  forms  seem  in  respect  to  thee 
40  Tlie  almanack's  misshaped  anatom3\ 

Where  Aries  head  and  face,  Bull  neck  and  throat, 

22  Should    for   a   Sunday-suit    thv    breath   condense   '53,    '59, 
'62,  '65. 

24  In  venturing  higher;  were  the  note  I  sing,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

25  AI)ove  heavens  Ela,  should  I  undecline,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

26  And  with  a  deep-moutird  gammut  sound  agen,  '53. 
And  with  a  deep-mouth  Gammat  sound  agen  '59,  '62,  '65. 

28  Nor  fuid  an  epethite  to  set  it  forth,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
3o  Makes  pearl   and   planets  humble  herauldry,     '53. 
32  But  by  an  heap  of  negatives  combin'd;  '77,  '87. 
35  So  can  I  not  defme  how  sweet,  how  fair,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

7t 


The  Scorpion  gives  the  secrets,  knees  the  Goat; 
A  brief  of  limbs  foul  as  those  beasts,  or  are 
Their  name-sake  signs  in  their  strange  character. 
As  your  philosophers  to  every  sense 
Marry  its  object,  yet  with  some  dispense, 
And  grant  them  a  polygamy  with  all. 
And  these  their  common  sensibles  they  call, 
So  is  it  with  her  who,  stinted  unto  none, 

50  Unites  all  sense  in  each  action. 

The  same  beam  heats  and  lights ;  to  see  her  well 
Is  both  to  hear  and  see  and  taste  and  smell. 
For,  can  you  want  a  palate  in  your  eyes 
When  each  of  hers  contains  the  beauteous  prize, 
Venus's  apple?      Can  your  eyes  want  nose 
Seeing  each  cheek  buds  forth  a  fragrant  rose.? 
Or  can  your  sight  be  deaf  to  such  a  quick 
And  well-tuned  face,  such  moving  rhetoric.'' 
Doth  not  each  look  a  flash  of  lightning  feel 

60  Which  spares  the  body's  sheath,  yet  melts  the 
steel ? 
Thy  soul  must  needs  confess  or  grant  thy  sense 
Corrupted  with  the  object's  excellence. 
Sweet  magic,  which  can  make  five  senses  lie 

44  Their  name-sak'd  signs  in  their  strange  character.    '59,  ^65. 

45  As  the  philosophers  to  every  sense  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

52  Is  both  to  hear  and  feel,  to  taste  and  smel.    '53,  '59,  '62,  ^65. 
54  When  each  of  his  contains  a  double  prize,  '53,  '59. 
When  each  of  hers  contains  a  double  prize,  ^62,  '65. 

56  When   from  each  cheek  buds  forth  a  fragrant  rose?    '53, 

'59,  '62,  '65. 

57  Or  can  the  sight  be  deaf  if  she  but  speak,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

58  A  well-tun'd  face  such  moving  Rhetorick?     '53,  '59,  '65. 
60  Which  spares  the  bodies  sheath,  and  melts  the  steel?     '53, 

'59,  '62-5. 

75 


Conjured  within  tlie  circle  of  an  eye! 

In  whom  since  all  the  five  are  intermixed, 

Oh  now  that  Scaliger  would  prove  his  sixth ! 

Thou  man  of  mouth,  that  canst  not  name  a  sh.c 

Unless  all  Nature  pay  a  subsidy. 

Whose  language  is  a  tax,  whose  musk-cat  verse 

70  \'oids  nought  but  flowers  for  thy  Muse's  hearse. 
Fitter  than  Celia's  looks,  who  in  a  trice 
Canst  state  the  long  disputed  Paradise, 
And,  (what  Divines  hunt  with  so  cold  a  scent) 
Canst  in  her  bosom  find  it  resident ; 
Now  come  aloft,  come  now,  and  breathe  a  vein. 
And  give  some  vent  unto  thy  daring  strain. 
Say  the  astrologer  who  spells  the  stars. 
In  that  fair  alphabet  reads  peace  and  wars, 
Mistakes  his  globe  and  in  her  brighter  eye 

80  Interprets  Heaven's  physiognomy. 
Call  her  the  ^Metaphysics  of  her  sex, 
And  say  she  tortures  wits  as  quartans  vex 
Physicians ;  call  her  the  squared  circle ;  say 
She  is  the  very  rule  of  Algebra. 
What  e'er  thou  undcrstand'st  not,  say  it  of  her, 
For  that's  the  way  to  write  her  character. 
Say  tliis  and  more,  and  when  thou  hopcst  to  raise 
Thy  fancy  so  as  to  inclose  her  praise, — 
Alas  poor  Gotham,  with  thy  cuckoo-hedge! 

90  Hyperboles  are  here  but  sacrilege. 

73  And  with  Divines  hunt  with  so  cold  a  scent,  '53,  '59,  '69,  '65. 

74  Can  in  her  bosorne  finde  it  resident.     '59,  '62,  '65. 

75  Now  come  aloft,  come,  come  and  breath  a  vein,  '53,  '59, 

r>-2,  '65. 
H3  Physicians:  call  her  the  square  circle,  say  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
H,i  What  cr'e  you  undertake  not,  say't  of  her,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

76 


Then  roll  up,  INIuse,  what  thou  hast  raveled  out, 
Some  comments  clear  not,  but  increase  the  doubt. 
She  that  affords  poor  mortals  not  a  glance 
Of  knowledge,  but  is  known  by  ignorance — 
She  that  commits  a  rape  on  ever}'  sense, 
Whose  breath  can  countermand  a  pestilence — 
She  that  can  strike  the  best  invention  dead 
Till  baffled  poetry  hangs  down  the  head — 
She,  she  it  is  that  doth  contain  all  bliss 
100  And  makes  the  world  but  her  periphrasis. 


91  Then  rouze  up  Muse,  what  thou  hast  reveal'd  out,  '53,  '59, 
'62,  '65. 

98  Till  baffled  poetry  hangs  down  her  head:  '53,  '65. 

99  She,  she  it  is,  she  that  contains  aU  bliss,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

77 


THE  ANTIPLATONIC. 

For  shame,  thou  everlasting  wooer, 

Still  sa^'ing  grace  and  never  falling  to  her! 

Love  that's  in  contemplation  placed 

Is  Venus  drawn  but  to  the  waist. 

Unless  your  flame  confess  its  gender 

And  3'our  parley  cause  surrender, 

You  are  salamanders  of  a  cold  desire 

That  live  untouched  amidst  the  hottest  fire. 

What  though  she  be  a  dame  of  stone, 
10  The  widow  of  Pygmalion, 
As  hard  and  unrelenting  she 
As  the  new  crusted  Niobe, 
Or,  (what  doth  more  of  statue  carry,) 
A  nun  of  the  Platonic  quarr}'  ? 
Love  melts  the  rigor  which  the  rocks  have  bred- 
A  flint  will  break  upon  a  feather-bed. 

For  shame,  you  pretty  female  elves. 
Cease  thus  to  candy  up  your  selves; 
No  more,  you  sectaries  of  the  game, 
20  No  more  of  your  calcining  flame ! 
Wonxn  commence  by  Cupid's  dart 
2  Still  saying  Grace,  and  ne'er  fall  to  her!    '77,  '87. 
8  That  live  "untoucht  amid  the  hottest  fire:  '59,  '65. 
11  An  hard  and  unrelenting  she,  '59,  '65,  '77,  '87. 

As  hard  and  as  relenting  shce  '62. 
13  Or  what  doth  more  of  stature  carry,  '62. 
18  Cease  for  to  candy  up  yourselves:  '53,  '59,  '63,  '65. 

78 


As  a  king  hunting  dubs  a  hart. 

Love's  votaries  enthrall  each  other's  soul 

Till  both  of  them  live  but  upon  parole. 

Virtue's  no  more  in  womankind 
But  the  green-sickness  of  the  mind; 
Philosophy  (their  new  delight) 
A  kind  of  charcoal  appetite. 
There  is  no  sophistry  prevails 
30  Where  all-convincing  love  assails, 
But  the  disputing  petticoat  will  warp, 
As  skillful  gamesters  are  to  seek  at  sharp. 

Tlie  soldier,  that  man  of  iron. 
Whom  ribs  of  horror  all  environ. 
That's  strung  with  wire  instead  of  veins 
In  whose  embraces  you're  in  chains, 
Let  a  magnetic  girl  appear. 
Straight  he  turns  Cupid's  cuirassier. 
Love  storms  his  lips,  and  takes  the  fortress  in, 
40  For  all  the  bristled  turnpikes  of  his  chin. 

Since  love's  artillery  then  checks 

The  breastworks  of  the  firmest  sex, 

Come  let  us  in  affections  riot. 

They  are  sickly  pleasures  keep  a  diet. 

Give  me  a  lover  bold  and  free. 

Not  eunuched  with  formality, 

Like  an  embassador  that  beds  a  queen 

With  the  nice  caution  of  a  sword  between. 

29  There's  no  sophistry  prevails,  '53. 

40  For    all    the    bristled    turnpike    of   his   chin.     '53,    '59,    '77, 

'81,  '99. 
43  Come  lets  in  affections  riot,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

79 


UPON   PHILLIS  WALKING  IN  A   MORNING 
BEFORE  SUN-RISING 

The  sluggish  morn  as  yet  undressed, 
My  PhilHs  brake  from  out  her  east, 
As  if  she'd  made  a  match  to  run 
With  Venus,  uslier  to  the  sun. 
Tlie  trees,  (hke  yeomen  of  the  guard 
Serving  her  more  for  pomp  than  ward,) 
Ranked  on  each  side,  with  loyal  duty 
Weave  branches  to  inclose  her  beauty. 
The  plants,  whose  luxury  was  lopped 
10  Or  age  with  crutches  underpropped, 
(Whose  wooden  carcasses  are  grown 
To  be  but  coffins  of  their  own,) 
Revive,  and  at  her  general  dole 
Each  receives  his  ancient  soul. 
The  winged  choristers  began 
To  chirp  their  matins,  and  the  fan 
Of  whistling  winds  like  organs  played, 
Until  their  voluntaries  made 

5-8  By  a  change  in  the  position  of  the  parenthesis  or  by  its 
omission  the  various  editions  slightly  change  the  sense. 

6  Serving  more  for  pomp  than  ward,  '53,  '39,  '63,  '65. 

7  Hank'd  on  each  side  with  loyall  duty,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

8  W.ive  hranchcs  to  inclose  her  beauty,  '53,  ^59,  '62,  ^65. 
Weav'd  hranchcs  to  inclose  her  beauty.     '58,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

11    (Whose  wooden  carkases  were  grown  '77,  '87. 

18  Unto  their  Voluntaries,  made  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

19  The  weakened  Earth  in  Odors  rise  '59,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

80 


The  wakened  Earth  in  odors  rise 
20  To  be  her  morning  sacrifice 

The  flowers,  called  out  of  their  beds, 

Start  and  raise  up  their  drowsy  heads; 

And  he  that  for  their  color  seeks 

May  find  it  vaulting  in  her  cheeks, 

Where  roses  mix, — no  civil  war 

Between  her  York  and  Lancaster. 

The  marigold  (whose  courtier's  face 

Echoes  the  sun  and  doth  unlace 

Her  at  his  rise, — at  his  full  stop 
30  Packs  and  shuts  up  her  gaudy  shop,) 

Mistakes  her  cue  and  doth  display. 

Thus  Phillis  antedates  the  day. 

These  miracles  had  cramped  the  sun 

Who,  thinking  that  his  kingdom's  won, 

Powders  with  light  his  frizzled  locks 

To  see  what  saint  his  lustre  mocks. 

The  trembling  leaves  through  which  he  played, 

Dappling  the  walk  with  light  and  shade 

Like  lattice-windows,  give  the  spy 
40  Room  but  to  peep  with  half  an  eye; 

Lest  her  full  orb  his  sight  should  dim 

And  bid  us  all  good  night  in  him. 

Till  she  should  spend  a  gentle  ray 

To  force  us  a  new  fashioned  day. 

But  what  religious  palsy's  this 

24  May  see  it  vaulting  to  her  cheeks:  '77,  '87. 

26  Divides  her  York  and  Lancaster.     '77,  '87. 

34  Who  fearing  that  his  Kingdom's  won,  '77,  '87. 

36  To  see  what  Saints  his  lustre  mocks.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

42  And  bids  us  all  good-night  in  him,  '53. 

43  Till  she  would  spend  a  gentle  raj%  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

81 


Whicli  makes  the  boughs  divest  their  bHss, 
And,  that  they  might  her  footsteps  straw, 
Drop  their  leaves  in  shivering  awe? 
PliilHs  perceived  and  (lest  her  stay 
50  Should  wed  October  unto  May, 

And,  as  her  beauty  caused  a  Spring, 
Devotion  might  an  Autumn  bring) 
Witlulrcw  her  beams,  yet  made  no  night, 
But  left  the  sun  her  curate-light. 


4G  Which  make  the  Bows  divest  their  blisse;  '87, 

49  Phiilis  perceives,  (and  least  her  stay  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

82 


TO  MRS.  K.  T. 

(Who  asked  him  why  he  was  dumb.  Written  Calente  calamo.) 

Stay,  should  I  answer,  Lady,  then 

In  vain  would  be  your  question : 

Should  I  be  dumb,  why  then  again 

Your  asking  me  would  be  in  vain. 

Silence  nor  speech,  on  neither  hand, 

Can  satisfy  this  strange  demand. 

Yet,  since  your  will  throws  me  upon 

This  wished  contradiction, 

I'll  tell  you  how  I  did  become 
10  So  strangely,  as  you  hear  me,  dumb. 

Ask  but  the  chap-fallen  Puritan. 

'Tis   zeal   that  tongue-ties   that  good   man. 

(For  heat  of  conscience  all  men  hold 

Is  the  only  way  to  catch  their  cold.) 

How  should  Love's  zealot  then  forbear 

To  be  your  silenced  minister  .f* 

Nay  your  Religion  which  doth  grant 

A  worship  due  to  you,  my  Saint, 

Yet  counts  it  that  devotion  wrong 
20  That  does  it  in  the  Vulgar  Tongue. 

My  ruder  words  would  give  offence 

To  such  an  hallowed  excellence. 

As  the  English  dialect  would  vary 

The  goodness  of  an  Ave  Mary. 

S  Silence,  nor  Speech,  on  either  hand,  '77,  '87. 
14  Is  th'  only  way  to  catch  that  cold:)     '77,  '87. 

83 


How  can  I  speak  that  twice  am  checked 

Bv  this,  and  that  rehgious  sect? 

Still  dumb,  and  in  your  face  I  spy 

Still  cause  and  still  divinity. 

As  soon  as  blest  with  your  salute 
30  My  manners  taught  mc  to  be  mute. 

For,  lest  they  cancel  all  the  bliss 

You  signed  with  so  divine  a  kiss, 

The  lips  you  seal  must  needs  consent 

Unto  the  tongue's  imprisonment. 

IMy  tongue  in  hold,  my  voice  doth  rise 

With  a  strange  Ela  to  my  eyes, 

Where  it  gets  bail,  and  in  that  sense 

Begins  a  new  found  eloquence. 

Oh  listen  with  attentive  sight 
40  To  what  my  prating  eyes  indite ! 

Or,  Lady,  since  'tis  in  your  choice 

To  give  or  to  suspend  my  voice, 

With  the  same  key  set  ope  the  door 

Wherewith  you  locked  it  fast  before. 

Kiss  once  again,  and  when  you  thus 

Have  doubly  been  miraculous, 

IVIy  ]\Iusc  shall  write  with  handmaid's  duty 

The  Golden  Legend  of  your  beauty. 

He  whom  his  dumbness  now  confines 
50  Intends  to  speak  the  rest  by  signs. 

29  As  soon  as  blest  with  your  Salute, 

My  Manners  taught  me  to  be  mute, 

Lest  I  should  cancel  all  the  Bliss 

You  sipn'd  with  so  divine  a  Kiss.     '77,  '87. 
37  Where  it  pets  hail,  and  in  that  sense  '53,  '59,  '62,  ^65. 
iO  To  what  my  pratling  eyes  endite;  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
47  My  Muse  sliall  write  with  Handmaid  Duty  '77,  '87. 
50  But  means  to  speak  the  rest  by  signes.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

84 


A  FAIR  NYMPH  SCORNING  A  BLACK  BOY 
COURTING  HER 


Nymph.    Stand  ofF,  and  let  me  take  the  air. 

Why  should  the  smoke  pursue  the  fair  ? 
Boy.  My  face  is  smoke,  thence  may  be  guessed 

What  flames  within  have  scorched  my  breast. 
Nymph.    The  flame  of  love  I  cannot  view 

For  the  dark  lantern  of  thy  hue. 
Boy.  And  yet  this  lantern  keeps  Love's  taper 

Surer  than  yours  that's  of  white  paper. 

Whatever  midnight  hath  been  here, 
10  The  moonshine  of  your  light  can  clear. 

Nymph.    My  moon  of  an  eclipse  is  'fraid, 

If  thou  should'st  interpose  thy  shade. 
Boy.  Yet  one  thing,  Sweetheart,  I  will  ask ; 

Take  me  for  a  new  fashioned  mask. 
Nymph.    Yes,  but  my  bargain  shall  be  this, 

I'll  throw  my  mask  off  when  I  kiss. 
Boy.  Our  curled  embraces  shall  delight 

To  checker  limbs  with  black  and  white. 
Nymph.    Thy  ink,  my  paper,  make  me  guess 
20  Our  nuptial  bed  will  prove  a  press, 

5  Thy  flaming  Love  I  cannot  view,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
9  What  ever  Midnight  can  be  here,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
10  The  Moon-shine  of  your  Face  will  clear.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

14  Buy  for  me  a  new  false  Mask.     '53,  '59,  '62,  'Q5. 

15  Done:  but  my  Bargain  shall  be  this,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
20  Our  Nuptial  bed  will  make  a  presse;  '53,  '62. 

85 


And  in  our  sports,  if  any  came, 

They'll  read  a  wanton  epigram. 
Boy.  Why  should  my  black  thy  love  impair.'' 

Let  the  dark  shop  commend  the  ware ; 

Or,  if  thy  love  from  black  forbears, 

I'll  strive  to  wash  it  off  with  tears. 
Nymph.    Spare  fruitless  tears,  since  thou  must  needs 

Still  wear  about  thee  mourning  weeds. 

Tears  can  no  more  affection  win 
30  Than  wash  thy  Ethiopian  skin. 


21   And  in  our  sports  if  any  come,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

2i  Let  tlie  dark  Shop  commend  tiiy  Ware;  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

28  Still  wear  about  the  mourning  weeds:  '53. 

Still   wear  about  thy  mourning  weeds.     '77,   '87,  '99. 
SO  Than  wash  the  Aethiopian  skin,  '59,  '62,  '65.' 

86 


A  YOUNG  MAN  TO  AN  OLD  WOMAN 
COURTING  HIM 

Peace,  Beldam  Eve,  surcease  thy  suit ; 

There's  no  temptation  in  such  fruit; 

No  rotten  medlars,  whilst  there  be 

Whole  orchards  in  virginity. 

Thy  stock  is  too  much  out  of  date 

For  tender  plants  to  inoculate. 

A  match  with  thee  thy  bridegroom  fears 

Would  be  thought  incest  in  his  years, 

Which,  when  compared  with  thine,  become 
10  Odd  money  to  thy  grandam  sum. 

Can  wedlock  know  so  great  a  curse 

As  putting  husbands  out  to  nurse? 

How  Pond  and  Rivers  would  mistake 

And  cry  new  almanacks  for  our  sake. 

Time  sure  hath  wheeled  about  this  year, 

December  meeting  Janiveer. 

The  Egyptian  serpent  figures  Time, 

And  stripped,  returns  unto  his  prime. 

If  my  affections  thou  wouldst  win, 
20  First  cast  thy  hieroglyphic  skin. 

My  modern  lips  know  not,  alack! 

7  A  match  with  thee  the  Briugegroom  fears  '77,  '87,  '99. 

8  Would  be  thought  interest  in  his  yeares,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

9  Wch  when  compar'd  to  thine  become  '53,  '59,  '62,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
15  Time  sure  hath  wheei'd  about  his  Year,  '59,  '65,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
18  And  strip'd,  returns  into  his  prime.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

87 


The  old  religion  of  thy  smack. 

I  count  that  primitive  embrace 

As  out  of  fashion  as  thy  face. 

And  3'ct,  so  long  'tis  since  thy  fall, 

Thy  fornication's  classical. 

Our  sports  will  differ ;  thou  must  play 

Lero,  and  I  Alphonso  way. 

I'm  no  translator,  have  no  vein 
30  To  turn  a  woman  young  again. 

Unless  you'll  grant  the  tailor's  due, 

To  see  the  fore-bodies  be  new. 

I  love  to  wear  clothes  that  are  flush, 

Not  prefacing  old  rags  with  plush, 

Like  aldermen,  or  under-shrieves 

With  canvass  backs  and  velvet  sleeves: 

And  just  such  discord  there  would  be 

Betwixt  thy  skeleton  and  me. 

Go  study  salve  and  treacle,  ply 
40  Your  tenant's  leg  or  his  sore  eye. 

Thus  matrons  purchase  credit,  thank 

Six  pennyworth  of  mountebank; 

Or  chew  thy  cud  on  some  delight 

That  thou  didst  taste  in  'eighty-eight; 

Or  be  but  bed-rid  once,  and  then 

Thou'lt  dream  thy  youthful  sins  again. 

But  if  thou  needs  wilt  be  my  spouse. 

First  hearken  and  attend  my  vows. 

27  Our  sports  will  differ,  thou  may'st  play  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
35  Like  Aldermen,  or  Monster-Sheriffs,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

37  And  just  such  discords  there  would  be  '65. 

38  Betwixt  the  Si<eIcton  and  me.     '59,  '62,  '65. 

■U  Thou  takest  in  thy  l';ifrhty  Eight.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
45  Oh  he  iiut  I5ed-ri(I  once,  and  then  '59,  '65,  '87,  '99. 

88 


When  Etna's  fires  shall  undergo 
50  The  penance  of  the  Alps  in  snow ; — 
When  Sol  at  one  blast  of  his  horn 
Posts  from  the  Crab  to  Capricorn ; — 
When  the  heavens  shall  shuffle  all  in  one 
The  Torrid  with  the  Frozen  Zone ; — 
When  all  these  contradictions  meet, 
Then,  Sybil,  thou  and  I  will  greet. 
For  all  these  similes  do  hold 
In  my  young  heat  and  thy  dull  cold. 
Then,  if  a  fever  be  so  good 
60  A  pimp  as  to  inflame  thy  blood, 

Hymen  shall  twist  thee  and  thy  page. 
The  distinct  tropics  of  man's  age. 
Well,  Madame  Time,  be  ever  bald. 
I'll  not  thy  periwig  be  called. 
I'll  never  be,  stead  of  a  lover, 
An  aged  chronicle's  new  cover. 


53  When  the  Heavens  shuffle  all  in  one,  '53,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
62  The  distinct  Tropick  of  mans  age.,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

89 


UPON  A  MISER  WHO  MADE  A  GREAT 

FEAST,  AND  THE  NEXT  DAY  DIED 

FOR   GRIEF 

Nor  scapes  he  so ;  our  dinner  was  so  good 
My  liquorish  Muse  cannot  but  chew  the  cud, 
And  what  dehght  she  took  in  th'  invitation 
Strives  to  taste  o'er  again  in  this  relation. 
After  a  tedious  grace  in  Hopkins'  rhyme. 
Not  for  devotion  but  to  take  up  time, 
IVIarched  the  trained-band  of  dishes,  ushered  there 
To  show  their  postures  and  then  as  they  Avere. 
For  he  invites  no  teeth ;  perchance  the  eye 

10  He  will  afford  the  lover's  gluttony. 
Thus  is  our  feast  a  muster,  not  a  fight. 
Our  weapons,  not  for  service  but  for  sight. 
But  are  we  tantalized?     Is  all  this  meat 
Cooked  by  a  limner  for  to  view,  not  eat.f* 
The  astrologers  keep  such  houses  when  they  sup 
On  joints  of  Taurus  or  the  heavenly  Tup. 
Whatever  feasts  he  made  are  summed  up  here. 
His  table  vies  not  standing  with  his  cheer. 
His  churchings,  christenings,  in  this  meal  are  all, 

20  And  not  transcribed  but  in  the  original. 

3  And  \jhat  delight  she  took  in  th'  imitation,  '53. 

4  Strives  to  cast  o're  again  in  this  rchition.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
1 1   'I'his  is  a  feast,  a  muster,  not  a  fight,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

16  On  joynts  of  Taurus  or  their  heavenly  Tup,  '53,  '59,  '65. 

17  Whatever    feasts   oe  made  are  summed   up   here,  '53    '59, 

'62,  '65. 

90 


Christmas  is  no  feast  movable ;  for  lo, 

The  self  same  dinner  was  ten  years  ago ! 

'Twill  be  immortal  if  it  longer  stay. 

The  gods  will  eat  it  for  ambrosia. 

But  stay  a  while ;  unless  my  whinyard  fail 

Or  is  enchanted,  I'll  cut  off  th'  entail. 

Saint    George   for   England   then!    have    at    the 
mutton 

Where  the  first  cut  calls  me  bloodthirsty  glutton. 

Stout  Ajax  with  his  anger-coddled  brain 
30  Killing  a  sheep  thought  Agamemnon  slain ; 

The  fiction's  now  proved  true ;  wounding  the  roast 

I  lamentably  butcher  up  mine  host. 

Such  sympathy  is  with  his  meat,  my  weapon 

Makes  him  an  eunuch  when  it  carves  his  capon. 

Cut  a  goose  leg  and  the  poor  fool  for  moan 

Turns  cripple  too,  and  after  stands  on  one. 

Have  you  not  heard  the  abominable  sport 

A  Lancaster  grand-jury  will  report? 

The  soldier  with  his  INIorglay  watched  the  mill ; 
40  The  cats  they  came  to  feast,  when  lusty  Will 

Whips  off  great  puss's  leg  which  ( by  some  charm ) 

Proves  the  next  day  such  an  old  woman's  arm. 

It's  so  with  him  w^hose  carcass  never  scapes 

28  When  the  first  cut  calls  me  bloodthirsty  glutton:  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 
31  The  fiction's  now  proved  true;  wounding  his  roast,  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 

34  Makes  him  an  eunuch,  v/heu  it  serves  his  capon;  '65. 

35  Cut  a  goose  leg,  and  the  poor  soul  for  moan,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

43  'Tis    so   with   him,   whose   carcase   never   scapes,    '53,   '59, 

'62,  '65. 

91 


But  still  wc  s^ash  him  in  a  thousand  shapes. 
Our  scrving-nicn  (like  spaniels)  range  to  spring 
The  fowl  which  he  had  clucked  under  his  wing. 
Should  he  on  woodcock  or  on  widgeon  feed 
It  were,  Thyestes  like,  on  his  own  breed. 
To  pork  he  pleads  a  superstition  due, 

50  But  we  subscribe  neither  to  Scot  nor  Jew. 
No  liquor  stirs ;  call  for  a  cup  of  wine. 
'Tis  blood  we  drink ;  we  pledge  thee  Cataline. 
Sauces  we  should  have  none,  had  he  his  wish. 
The  oranges  in  the  margin  of  his  dish 
He  with  such  huckster's  care  tells  o'er  and  o'er, 
The  Hesperian  dragon  never  watched  them  more. 
But  being  eaten  now  into  despair, 
(Having  nought  else  to  do)  he  falls  to  prayer. 
"Thou  that  didst  once  put  on  the  form  of  bull 

60  And  turned  thine  lo  to  a  lovely  mull. 

Defend  my  rump,  great  Jove,  allay  my  grief, 

O  spare  me  this,  this  monumental  beef!" 

But  no  amen  was  said ;  see,  see  it  comes ! 

See  how  his  blood  doth  with  the  gravy  swim 

44  But  still   we  slash  them   in  a  thousand  shapes;   '53,   '59, 
'62,  '65. 

46  The  fowl  when  he  hath  clocked  under  her  wing.    '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 

47  Should   he  on   widgeon,  and   on   woodcock   feed,   '53,   '59, 

'62,  '65. 
50  But  not  a  mouth  is  muzzled  by  the  Jew.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
51-2  This  couplet  is  omitted  in  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

54  The  oranges  i'  th'  margent  of  the  dish,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

55  He  with  such  hucksters  tells  them  o'er  and  o'er,  '53,  '59, 
'62,  '65. 

59  As  thou  didst  once  put  on  the  form  of  bull,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
61-2  Defend  my  rump  great  Jove,  grant  this  poor  beef 

May  live  to  comfort  me  in  all  this  grief.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
92 


Draw,  boys;   let  trumpets  sound   and  strike  up 

drums. 
And  every  trencher  hath  a  limb  of  him. 
The   venison's    now   in    view,   our   hounds   spend 

deeper. 
Strange  deer,  which  in  the  pasty  hath  a  keeper 
Stricter  than  in  the  park,  making  his  guest, 

70   (As  he  had  stolen  it  alive)  to  steal  it  drest! 
The  scent  was  hot  and  we,  pursuing  faster 
Than  Ovid's  pack  of  dogs  e'er  chased  their  master, 
A  double  prey  at  once  may  seize  upon, 
Acteon,  and  his  case  of  venison. 
Thus  was  he  torn  alive ;  to  vex  him  worse 
Death  serves  him  up  now  as  a  second  course. 
Should  we  like  Tracians  our  dead  bodies  eat. 
He  would  have  lived  only  to  save  his  meat. 
Lastly ;  we  did  devour  that  corpse  of  his 

80  Throughout  all  Ovid's  Metamorphoses. 


70  (As  he  hath  stoln't  alive)  to  steal  it  drest:  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
73  A  double  prey  at  once  we  seize  upon,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
79-80  The  last  couplet  is  omitted  in  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

93 


UPON  AN  HERMAPHRODITE- 

Sir,  or  Madame,  choose  you  whether! 
Nature  twists  you  both  together 
And  makes  thy  soul  two  garbs  confess, 
Both  petticoat  and  breeches  dress. 
Thus  we  chastise  the  God  of  Wine 
With  water  that  is  feminine, 
Until  the  cooler  nymph  abate 
His  wrath,  and  so  concorporate. 
Adam,  till  his  rib  was  lost, 

10  Had  both  sexes  thus  engrossed. 

When  Providence  our  Sire  did  cleave 
And  out  of  Adam  carved  Eve, 
Then  did  man  'bout  wedlock  treat, 
To  make  his  body  up  complete. 
Thus  matrimony  speaks  but  thee 
In  a  grave  solemnity. 
For  man  and  wife  make  but  one  right 
Canonical  hermaphrodite. 
Ravel  thy  body,  and  I  find 

20  In  every  limb  a  double  kind. 

Who  would  not  think  that  head  a  pair 
That  breeds  such  faction  in  the  hair.'* 
One  half  so  churlish  to  the  touch 


2  Nature  twist'd  you  both  together;  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
10  Had  the  Sexes  thus  ingrost.     '77,  '87,  '99. 
22  That  breeds  such  factions  in  the  hair?     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

94 


That,  rather  than  endure  so  much 

I  would  my  tender  limbs  apparel 

In  Regulus  his  nailed  barrel: 

But  the  other  half  so  small 

And  so  amorous  withall 

That  Cupid  thinks  each  hair  doth  grow 
30  A  string  for  his  invisible  bow. 

When  I  look  babies  in  thine  eyes 

Here  Venus,  there  Adonis,  hes. 

And  though  thy  beauty  be  high  noon 

Thy  orb  contains  both  sun  and  moon. 

How  many  melting  kisses  skip 

'Twixt  thy  male  and  female  lip, — 

'Twixt  thy  upper  brush  of  hair 

And  thy  nether  beard's  despair? 

When  thou  speak'st  (I  would  not  wrong 
40  Thy  sweetness  with  a  double  tongue,) 

But  in  every  single  sound 

A  perfect  dialogue  is  found. 

Thy  breasts  distinguish  one  another, 

This  the  sister,  that  the  brother. 

When  thou  join'st  hands  m}^  ear  still  fancies 

The  nuptial  sound,  I,  John,  take  Frances. 

Feel  but  the  difference  soft  and  rough; 

This  is  a  gauntlet,  that  a  muff. 

Had  sly  Ulysses,  at  the  sack 
50  Of  Troy,  brought  thee  his  pedlar's  pack 

And  weapons  too,  to  know  Achilles 

25  It  would  my  tender  limbs  apparrell  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

26  With  Regulus  his  nailed  Barrel:  '77,  '87. 
30  A  string  of  his  invisible  bow.     '62. 

48  This  a  Gantlet,  that  a  Muflf,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

95 


From  King  Lycomedes'  Phillis, 
His  plot  had  failed ;  this  hand  would  feci 
The  needle,  that  the  warlike  steel. 
When  music  doth  thy  pace  advance, 
Thy  right  leg  takes  the  left  to  dance. 
Nor  is  't  a  galliard  danced  by  one 
But  a  mixed  dance,  though  alone. 
Thus  every  heteroclitic  part 
60  Changes  gender  but  thy  heart. 

Nay  those,  which  modesty  can  mean 
But  dare  not  speak,  are  epicene. 
That  gamester  needs  must  overcome 
That  can  play  both  Tib  and  Tom. 
Thus  did  Nature's  mintage  vary, 
Coining  thee  a  Phillip  and  Mary. 


52  From  King  Nichomedes  Phillis,  '53,  '62. 
From  King  Lycomedes,  Phillis  '77,  '87,  '99. 

58  But  a  mixt  Dance,  though  all  alone    '87,  '99. 

59  Thus  every  heteroclite  part  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
Thus  every  Het'  roclite  apart  '77,  '87,  '99. 

The  emendation  above  is  the  substitution  of  the'  other  form 
of  the  adjective,  and  satisfies  both  the  sense  and  the 
rhythm. 

60  Changes  gender,  not  the  heart.     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

64  That  can  play  both  with  Tib  and  Tom.'  '77,  '87,  '99. 

96 


THE  AUTHOR  TO  HIS  HERMAPHRODITE 

(Made  after  Mr.  Randolph's  death,  yet  inserted  into  his  Poems.) 

Problem  of  sexes !     Must  thou  likewise  be 

As  disputable  in  thy  pedigree? 

Thou  twins  in  one,  in  whom  Dame  Nature  tries 

To  throw  less  than  aums  ace  upon  two  dice. 

Wert  thou  served  up  two  in  one  dish,  the  rather 

To  split  thy  sire  into  a  double  father.? 

True,  the  world's  scales  are  even ;  what  the  main 

In  one  place  gets,  another  quits  again. 

Nature  lost  one  by  thee,  and  therefore  must 

10   Slice  one  in  two  to  keep  her  number  just. 
Plurality  of  livings  is  thy  state. 
And  therefore  mine  must  be  impropriate. 
For,  since  the  child  is  mine  and  yet  the  claim 
Is  intercepted  by  another's  name, 
Never  did  steeple  carry  double  truer; 
His  is  the  donative  and  mine  the  cure. 
Then  say,  my  Muse,  (and  without  more  dispute) 
Who  'tis  that  fame  doth  superinstitute. 
The  Theban  wittal,  when  he  once  describes 

20  Jove  in  his  rival,  falls  to  sacrifice. 

That   name   hath   tipped   his   horns ;   see,   on   his 
A  health  to  Hans-in-kelder  Hercules  !  [knees ! 

Nay,  sublunary  cuckolds  are  content 

8  In  one  gets  place,  another  quits  again.    '62. 
:0  Jove  is  his  rival,  falls  to  sacrifice.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

97 


To  entertain  their  fate  with  comphment; 

And  shall  not  he  be  proud  whom  Randoph  deigns 

To  quarter  with  liis  Muse  both  arms  and  brains? 

Gramcrcy  Gossip,  I  rejoice  to  see 

Th'  hast  got  a  leap  of  such  a  barbary. 

Talk  not  of  horns,  horns  are  the  poet's  crest; 

30  For,  since  the  Muses  left  their  former  nest 
To  found  a  nunnery  in  Randolph's  quill, 
Cuckold  Parnassus  is  a  forked  hill. 
But  stay,  I've  waked  his  dust,  his  marble  stirs 
And  brings  the  worms  for  his  compurgators. 
Can  ghost  have  natural  sons.''      Say,  Og,  is't  meet 
Penance  bear  date  after  the  winding  sheet.'' 
Were  it  a  Phoenix,  (as  the  double  kind 
May  seem  to  prove,  being  there's  two  combined,) 
I  would  disclaim  my  right,  and  that  it  were 

40  The  lawful  issue  of  his  ashes  swear. 

But  was  he  dead.'*     Did  not  his  soul  translate 

Herself  into  a  shop  of  lesser  rate ; 

Or  break  up  house,  like  an  expensive  lord 

That  gives  his  purse  a  sob  and  lives  at  board.'' 

Let  old  Pythagoras  but  play  the  pimp 

And  still  there's  hope  't  may  prove  his  bastard 

imp. 
But  I'm  profane ;  for,  grant  the  world  had  one 
With  whom  he  might  contract  an  union. 
They  two  were  one,  yet  like  an  eagle  spread, 

50  r  th'  body  joined,  but  parted  in  the  head. 

For  you,  my  brat,  that  pose  the  Porphery  Chair, 

28  She'th  got  a  leap  of  such  a  barbary.     '53,  '59,  '62,  'o5. 
39  It  would  disclaim  my  right,  and  tliat  it  were  '53, '59, '62, '65. 
44  That  gives  his  purse  a  fob,  and  lives  at  board?     '53,  '62, 

98 


Pope  John,  or  Joan,  or  whatsoe'er  3'ou  are, 
You  are  a  nephew ;  grieve  not  at  your  state, 
For  all  the  world  is  illegitimate. 
Man  cannot  get  a  man,  unless  the  sun 
Club  to  the  act  of  generation. 
The  sun  and  man  get  man,  thus  Tom  and  I 
Are  the  joint  fathers  of  my  poetry. 
For  since,  blest  shade,  th}^  verse  is  male  but  mine 
60  Of  tlie  weaker  sex,  a  fancy  feminine. 

We'll  part  the  child,  and  yet  commit  no  slaughter ; 
So  shall  it  be  thy  son  and  yet  my  daughter. 


58  Are  the  joint  fathers  of  thy  poetry.    '53. 

Are  the  joint  fathers  of  the  poetry,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

59  For  since   (blest  shade)   this  verse  is  male,  but  mine,  '53, 

'59,  '62,  '65. 

99 


ON  THE  :MExAIORY  OF  MR.  EDWARD  KING, 
DROWNED  IN  THE  IRISH  SEAS 

I  like  not  tears  in  tune,  nor  do  I  prize 
His  artificial  grief  who  scans  his  ej^es. 
INIine  weep  down  pious  beads,  but  why  should  I 
Confine  them  to  the  Muse's  rosary? 
I  am  no  poet  here ;  my  pen's  the  spout 
Where  the  rain-water  of  mine  eyes  runs  out 
In  pity  of  that  name,  whose  fate  we  see 
Thus  copied  out  in  grief's  hydrography. 
The  Muses  are  not  mermaids,  though  upon 

10  His  death  the  ocean  might  turn  Helicon. 

,The  sea's  too  rough  for  verse ;  who  rhymes  upon  't 
With  Xerxes  strives  to  fetter  the  Hellespont. 
My  tears  will  keep  no  channel,  know  no  laws 
To  guide  their  streams,  but  like  the  waves,  their 
Run  with  disturbance  till  they  swallow  me    [cause. 
As  a  dcscrij)tion  of  his  misery. 
But  can  his  spacious  virtue  find  a  grave 
Within  the  imposthumcd  bubble  of  a  wave? 
Whose  learning  if  we  found,  we  must  confess 

20  The  sea  but  shallow  and  him  bottomless. 

Could  not  tlie  winds  to  countermand  thy  death 
With  their  whole  card  of  lungs  redeem  thy  breath? 

6  Wliere  the  rain  water  of  mine  eyes  run  out  '53,  '59,  ^62,  '65, 
'77,  '87,  '99. 
11  To  puide  the  streams;  but  (lii<e  the  waves  their  cause)  '59, 

'fj?.  '()5. 
.'I   CouUl  not  the  wind  to  countermand  thy  death  '53. 

100 


Or  some  new  island  in  thy  rescue  peep 

To  heave  thy  resurrection  from  the  deep, 

That  so  the  world  might  see  thy  safety  wrought 

With  no  less  wonder  than  thyself  was  thought? 

The  famous  Stagirite,  (who  in  his  life 

Had  Nature  as  familiar  as  his  wife,) 

Bequeathed  his  widow  to  survive  with  thee, 
30  Queen  Dowager  of  all  philosophy. 

An  ominous  legacy,  that  did  portend 

Thy  fate  and  predecessor's  second  end. 

Some  have  affirmed  that  what  on  earth  we  find, 

The  sea  can  parallel  in  shape  and  kind. 

Books,  arts,  and  tongues  were  wanting, 

But  in  thee  Neptune  hath  got  an  university. 

We'll  dive  no  more  for  pearls ;  the  hope  to  see 

Thy  sacred  reliques  of  mortality 

Shall  welcome  storms,  and  make  the  seaman  prize 
40  His  shipwreck  now  more  than  his  merchandize. 

He  shall  embrace  the  waves  and  to  thy  tomb 

As  to  a  royaler  exchange  shall  come. 

What  can  we  now  expect.''     Water  and  fire, 

Both  elements  our  ruin  do  conspire. 

And  that  dissolves  us  which  doth  us  compound. 

One  Vatican  was  burnt,  another  drowned. 

We  of  the  gown  our  libraries  must  toss 

To  understand  the  greatness  of  our  loss ; 

Be  pupils  to  our  grief  and  so  much  grow 
50  In  learning  as  our  sorrows  overflow. 

When  we  have  filled  the  rundlets  of  our  eyes 

We'll  issue  't  forth  and  vent  such  elegies 

As  that  our  tears  shall  seem  the  Irish  Seas, 

We  floating  islands,  living  Hebrides. 

34  The  sea  can  parallel  for  shape  and  kind,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

101 

LIBRARY 
IHVrVFRSlTV  OF  TAI  IFflRM 


MARK  ANTONY 

When  as  the  nightingale  chanted  her  vespers 

And  the  wild  forester  couched  on  the  ground, 
Venus  invited  me  in  th'  evening  whispers 
Unto  a  fragrant  field  with  roses  crowned, 
Where  she  before  had  sent 
My  wishes  complement; 
Unto  my   heart's   content 
Played  with  me  on  the  green. 
Never  Mark  Antony 
10  Dallied  more  wantonly 

With  the  fair  Egyptian  Queen. 

First  on  her  cherry  cheeks  I  mine  eyes  feasted, 

Thence  fear  of  surfeiting  made  me  retire ; 
Next  on  her  warmer  lips,  which,  when  I  tasted, 
My  duller  spirits  made  active  as  fire. 
Then  we  began  to  dart, 
Each   at   another's   heart. 
Arrows  that  knew  no  smart. 
Sweet  lips  and  smiles  between. 
20  Never  Mark,  &c. 

Wanting  a  glass  to  plait  her  amber  tresses 
Which  like  a  bracelet  rich  decked  mine  arm, 

15  My  duller  spirits  made  me  active  as  fire.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

102 


Gaudier  than  Juno  wears  when  as  she  graces 
Jove  with  embraces  more  stately  than  warm, 
Then  did  she  peep  in  mine 
Eyes'  humour  crystalHne; 
I  in  her  eyes  was  seen 
As  if  we  one  had  been 
Never  Mark,  &c. 

30  Mystical  grammar  of  amorous  glances; 
Feeling  of  pulses,  the  physic  of  love; 
Rhetorical  courtings  and  musical  dances; 
*  Numbering  of  kisses  arithmetic  prove ; 
Eyes  like  astronomy; 
Straight-limbed  geometry ; 
In  her  art's  ingeny 
Our  wits  were  sharp  and  keen. 
Never  Mark  Antony 
Dallied  more  wantonly 
With  the  fair  Egyptian  Queen. 


37  Our  wits  are  sharp  and  keen.    '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

103 


THE   AUTHOR'S    MOCK   SONG  TO 
MARK    ANTONY. 

Wlicn  as  the  nightingale  sang  Pluto's  matins 
And  Cerberus  cried  three  aniens  at  a  howl, 
When     night-wandering     witches     put     on    their 
pattens, 
Midnight  as  dark  as  their  faces  are  foul ; 
Then  did  the  furies  doom 
That  the  nightmare  was  come. 
Such  misshapen  groom 
Puts  down  Su.  Pomfret  clean. 
Never  did  incubus 
10  Touch  such  a  filthy  sus 

As  this  foul  gj'^psj  quean. 

First  on  her  gooseberry  lips  I  mine  eyes  blasted, 

Thence  fear  of  vomiting  made  me  retire 
Unto  her  bluer  lips,  which  when  I  tasted. 

My  spirits  were  duller  than  Dun  in  the  mire. 
But  then  her  breath  took  place 
Which  went  an  usher's  pace 
And  made  way  for  her  face ! 
You  may  guess  what  I  mean. 
20  Never  did,  &c. 


1    But  as  the  niplit-raven  sung  Pluto's  matins,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
](i   But  when  lier  hriath  took  place,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

10'. 


Like  snakes  onijjendcrlng  were  platted  her  tresses, 

Or  like  to  slimy  streaks  of  ropy  ale ; 
Uglier  than  Envy  wears,  when  she  confesses 
Her  head  is  periwigged  with  adder's  tail. 
But  as  soon  as  she  spake 
I  heard  a  harsh  mandrake. 
Laugh  not  at  my  mistake, 
Her  head  is  epicene. 
Never  did,  &c. 

30  Mystical  magic  of  conjuring  wrinkles; 

Feeling  of  pulses,  the  palmestry  of  hags ; 
Scolding  out  belches  for  rhetoric  twinkles ; 

With  three  teeth  in  her  head  like  to  three  gags ; 
Rainbows  about  her  eyes 
And  her  nose,  weather-wise ; 
From  them  the  almanac  lies. 
Frost,  Pond,  and  Rivers  clean. 
Never  did  incubus 
Touch  such  a  filthy  sus 
40  As  this  foul  gypsy  quean. 


22  Or  like  slimy  streaks  of  ropy  ale;  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
S3  Uglier  then  Envy  wears,  when  she  confesses  '59,  '62,  '65. 

105 


HOW  THE  COMMENCEMENT  GROWS  NEW. 

'Tis  no  coranto-news  I  undertake ; 
New  teacher  of  the  town  I  mean  not  to  make ; 
No  New  England  voyage  my  Muse  does  intend ; 
No  new  fleet,  no  bold  fleet,  nor  bonny  fleet  send. 
But,  if  3-ou'll  be  pleased  to  hear  out  this  ditt}-, 
I'll  tell  3'ou  some  news  as  true  and  as  witty, 
And  how  the  Commencement  grows  new. 

See  how  the  simony  doctors  abound. 
All  crowding  to  throw  away  forty  pound. 
10  They'll    now    in    their    wives'    stammel    petticoats 
vapour 
Without  any  need  of  an  argument  draper. 
Beholding  to  none,  he  neither  beseeches 
This  friend  for  venison  nor  the  other  for  speeches, 
And  so  the  Commencement  grows  new. 

Every  twice  a  day  the  teaching  gaff'cr 

Brings  up  his  easter-book  to  chaff'er ; 

Nay,  some  take  degrees  who  never  had  steeple, — 

1  It  is  no  Curranto-news  I  undertake,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

4  No  new  fleet,  no  bald  fleet,  nor  bonny  fleet  send:  '77,  '87, '99. 

No  new  fleet,  no  bold  fleet,  nor  bony  fleet  send,  '0.2,  '65. 
6  But   if  you'll   be  pleased  to  hear  but  this   ditty.   '53,   '59, 
'62,  '65. 
15  Every  twice  a  day  teaching  gaffer  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

106 


Whose  means,  like  degrees,  come  from  placers  of 

people. 
They  come  to  the  fair  and,  at  the  first  pluck, 
20  The  toll-man  Barnaby  strikes  'um  good  luck, 
And  so  the  Commencement  grows  new. 

The  country  parsons,  they  do  not  come  up 
On  Tuesday  night  in  their  own  College  to  sup ; 
Their  bellies  and  table-books  equally  full. 
The  next  lecture-dinner  their  notes  forth  to  pull ; 
How  bravely  the  Margaret-professor  disputed, 
The  homilies  urged,  and  the  school-men  confuted ; 
And  so  the  Commencement  grows  new. 

The  inceptor  brings  not  his  father  the  clown 
SO  To  look  with  his  mouth  at  his  grogoram  gown ; 
With  like  admiration  to  eat  roasted  beef. 
Which  invention  posed  his  beyond-Trent  belief; 
Who  should  he  but  hear  our  organs  once  sound, 
Could  scarce  keep  his  hoof  from  Sellenger's  round. 
And  so  the  Commencement  grows  new. 

The  gentleman  comes  not  to  show  us  his  satin. 
To  look  with  some  judgment  at  him  that  speaks 

Latin, 
To  be  angry  with  him  that  makes  not  his  clothes, 
To   answer   "O   Lord,   Sir"   and   talk   play-book 

oaths, 

18  Whose  means  like  degrees  comes   from  places  of  people, 
'53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

22  The  country  parsons  come  not  up,  '53. 

23  On  Tuesday  night  in  their  old  college  to  sup,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

24  Their  bellies  and  table-books  equally  sull.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

107 


40  And  at  the  next  bear-baiting,  (full  of  his  sack,) 
To  tell  his  comrades  our  discipline's  slack ; 
And  so  the  Commencement  grows  new. 

We  have  no  prevaricator's  wit. 
Ay,  marry  sir,  when  have  you  had  any  yet? 
Besides  no  serious  Oxford  man  comes 
To  cry  down  the  use  of  jesting  and  hums. 
Our  ballad,  (believe  't,)  is  no  stranger  than  true; 
Mum  Salter  is  sober,  and  Jack  Martin  too, 
And  so  the  Commencement  grows  new. 


48  Mun  Salter  is  sober,  and  Jack  Martin  too,  '65. 

108 


SQUARE-CAP 

Come  hither  Apollo's  bouncing  girl, 
And  in  a  whole  hippocrene  of  sherry 

Let's  drink  a  round  till  our  brains  do  whirl, 
Tuning  our  pipes  to  make  ourselves  merry. 

A  Cambridge  lass,  Venus-like  born  of  the  froth 

Of  an  old  half-filled  jug  of  barley-broth. 

She,  she  is  my  mistress,  her  suitors  are  many. 
But  she'll  have  a   Square-cap  if  e'er  she  have 
any. 

And  first,  for  the  plush-sake,  the  Monmouth-cap 

10        Shaking  his  head  like  an  empty  bottle ;     [comes 

With  his  new-fangled  oath  by  Jupiter's  thumbs. 

That  to  her  health  he'll  begin  a  pottle. 
He  tells  her  that,  after  the  death  of  his  grannam, 
He  shall  have  God  knows  what  per  annum. 

But  still  she  replied,  "Good  Sir,  la-bee; 

If  ever  I  have  a  man,  Square-cap  for  me!" 

Then  Calot  Leather-cap  strongly  pleads. 

And  fain  would  derive  his  pedigree  of  fashion. 

7  She,  she's  my  mistress  her  suitors  are  many,  '53,  '59,  '69,  '65. 
13-1 1  He  tells  her,  that  after  the  ileath  of  her  grannam 

She  shall  have  God  knows  what  per  annum.     '77,  '87,  '90. 

17  Thin  Calot  Leather-cap  strongly  pleads,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

18  And   fain  would  derive  the  pedigree  of   fashion;  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 

109 


The  antipodes  wear  their  shoes  on  tlieir  heads, 
20        And  why  may  not  we  in  their  imitation? 
Oh,  how  the  foot-ball  noddle  would  please, 
If  it  were  but  well  tossed  on  Sir  Thomas  his  leas ! 
But  still  she  replied,  "Good  sir,  la-bee; 
If  ever  I  have  a  man.  Square-cap  for  me !" 

Next  comes  the  Puritan  in  a  wrought-cap. 

With  a  long  wasted  conscience  towards  a  sister. 
And,  making  a  chapel  of  ease  of  her  lap, 

First  he  said  grace  and  then  he  kissed  her. 
"Beloved,"  quoth  he,  "thou  art  my  text." 
30  Then  falls  he  to  use  and  application  next ; 

But  then  she  replied,  "Your  text,  sir,  I'll  be ; 

For  then  I'm  sure  you'll  ne'er  handle  me." 

But  see  where  Satin-cap  scouts  about. 

And  fain  would  this  wench  in  his  fellowship 
marr3\ 
He  told  her  how  such  a  man  was  not  put  out 
Because  his  wedding  he  closely  did  carry. 
He'll  purchase  induction  by  simony, 
And  offers  her  money  her  incumbent  to  be ; 
But  still  she  replied,  "Good  sir,  la-bee, 
40        If  ever  I  have  a  man.  Square-cap  for  me!" 

The  lawyer's  a  sophister  by  his  round-cap, 
Nor  in  their  fallacies  arc  they  divided, 

The  one  milks  the  pocket,  the  other  the  tap ; 

And  yet  this  wench  he  fain  would  have  brided. 

22  If  it  were  but  well  tossed  on  S.  Thomas  his  lees.     '53,  '59, 
'62,  '65. 

110 


"  Come,  leave  these  thread-bare  scholars,"  quoth 
"And  give  me  livery  and  seisin  of  thee."  [he, 

"  But  peace,  John-a-Nokcs,  and  leave  your  ora- 
For  I  never  will  be  your  impropriation ;     [tion, 
I  pray  you  therefore,  good  sir,  la-bee; 
For  if  ever  I  have  a  man.  Square-cap  for  me !" 


ill 


UPON   PRINCESS   ELIZABETH,   BORN   THE 
NIGHT  BEFORE  NEW  YEAR'S  DAY. 

Astrologers  say  Venus,  the  self  same  star, 
Is  both  our  Hesperus  and  Lucifer; 
This  antitype,  this  Venus,  makes  it  true; 
She  shuts  the  old  year  and  begins  the  new. 
Her  brother  with  a  star  at  noon  was  born ; 
She,  like  a  star  both  of  the  eve  and  morn. 
Count  o'er  the  stars,  fair  Queen,  in  babes  and  vie 
With  every  year  a  new  Epiphany. 


11^ 


PART       TWO 


POLITICAL    POEMS 


PART    II 

HISTORICAL   INTRODUCTION 

The  authorities  for  my  statements  are: 

The  History  of  the  Rebellion  and  Civil  Wars  in 
England  by  Edward  Earl  of  Clarendon;  Oxford, 
1827: 

History  of  England  from  the  Accession  of  James 
I.  to  the  Outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  (1603-1642),  by 
S.  R.  Gardiner;  London,  1884: 

History  of  the  Great  Civil  War  (1642-1649),  by 
S.  R.  Gardiner,  London,  1897: 

History  of  His  Own  Time,  by  Bishop  Burnet,  Lon- 
don, 1724: 

The  Wars  in  England,  Scotland,  &  Ireland,  con- 
taining an  Account  of  all  the  Battles,  Sieges,  State 
Intrigues,  Revolutions,  Accidents,  and  other  Remark- 
able Transactions,  during  the  Reign  of  King  Charles 
the  First,  Being  an  Impartial  View  of  his  Life  and 
Actions.  With  his  Tryal  at  large  before  the  pretend- 
ed High  Court  of  Justice.  And  his  last  Speech  at  his 
death,  Jan.  30,  1648 ;  by  R.  B.  The  seventh  edition ; 
London,  1706: 

The  Life  of  John  Milton:  narrated  in  connection 
with  the  political,  ecclesiastical,  and  literary  history 
of  his  time;  by  David  Masson;  London,  1877. 

The  History  of  the  English  People,  by  J.  R.  Green ; 
New  York,  n.  d. 

The  Church-History  of  Britain ;  From  the  Birth  of 
115 


HISTORICAL    INTRODUCTION 

Jesus  Christ,  Until  the  Year  M.DC.XLVIII.  En- 
deavoured by  Thomas  Fuller.  London^  Anno.  1655. 
The  Harleian  Miscellany:  a  Collection  of  Scarce, 
Curious,  and  Entertaining  Pamphlets  and  Tracts,  as 
well  in  Manuscript  as  in  Print.  Selected  from  the 
liibrary  of  Edward  Harley,  Second  Earl  of  Oxford. 
Interspersed  with  Historical,  Political,  and  Critical 
Annotations,  by  the  late  William  Oldys,  Esq.,  and 
some  additional  notes  by  Thomas  Park,  F.S.A.,  Lon- 
don, 1809. 

To  understand  and  appreciate  the  wit  in  the  follow- 
ing poems  the  reader  must  be  familiar  with  the  histori- 
cal setting.  Satire  buys  contemporary  success  at  the 
price  of  future  oblivion.  For  a  while  each  hit  is  ap- 
plauded, but  soon  both  tlie  incidents  and  the  poems 
are  forgotten,  and  the  volumes  which  were  once  so 
loved  and  hated  are  marked  in  the  book-seller's  cata- 
logue as  "in  a  good  state  of  preservation."  This  has 
certainly  been  the  fate  of  Cleveland.  So  long  as  the 
public  knew  the  facts  in  the  case,  he  was  read  and  en- 
joyed; but  even  by  1687  there  were  only  a  few  of  his 
contemporaries  left,  and  the  next  generation  was  in- 
terested, not  in  Charles  and  his  troubles,  but  in  James 
and  its  own.  So  here  the  aim  is  to  restore  so  far  as 
possible  the  poems  to  their  surroundings  by  means  of 
concise  historical  introductions,  that  the  modern  read- 
er may  approach  them  with  the  knowledge,  if  not  the 
f( 'ling,  of  the  age  for  which  they  were  written, 


116 


Of  "A  DIALOGUE.'* 

By  1640  the  crisis  in  the  case  of  the  King  versus  the  People 
was  fast  approaching.  The  question  at  issue  was  whether 
England  should  be  an  absolute  monarchy  like  France,  or  a  con- 
stitutional monarchy,  as  it  is  at  present.  The  two  advisors  of 
King  Charles  the  First,  William  Laud,  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury, and  Thomas  Wentworth,  Earl  of  Strafford,  aimed  to 
make  the  King  independent  of  the  will  of  the  People.  Laud, 
by  thus  insisting  upon  uniformity  in  worship  and  upon  implicit 
obedience  to  the  King  as  head  of  the  Church,  made  religion  a 
political  principle,  and  the  detail  as  to  wearing  the  surplice, 
etc.,  was  joined  to  the  vastly  greater  one  of  the  rights  of  parlia- 
ments. In  England  the  voice  of  protest  was  raised  by  Hamp- 
den against  the  illegality  of  ship-money.  In  Scotland  the  cry 
was  against  the  ecclesiastical  innovations  of  Laud.  The  people 
rose  en  masse  and  by  a  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  bound 
themselves  to  resist.  An  army  was  hastily  collected,  and  in 
1G39  they  advanced  to  the  Border.  The  King,  caught  unpre- 
pared, negotiated  a  truce,  and  called  a  parliament  to  vote  the 
necessary  supplies.  At  the  same  time  a  convention  of  the 
Established  Church  was  summoned  to  definitely  enunciate  thei 
dogmas  of  tlieir  party.  Profiting  by  the  example  of  the  Scotch 
Kirk,  they  framed  an  oath  to  be  taken  by  every  minister  in  the 
Kingdom,  which  read:  "I,  A.  B.,  do  swear  that  I  do  approve 
the  doctrine  and  discipline,  or  government,  established  in  the 
Church  of  England,  as  containing  all  things  necessary  to  salva- 
tion, and  that  I  will  not  endeavour  by  myself  or  any  other, 
directly  or  indirectly,  to  bring  in  Popish  doctrine,  contrary  to 
that  which  is  so  established,  nor  will  I  ever  give  my  consent  to 
alter  the  government  of  the  Church  by  archbishops,  bishops, 
deans,  and  archdeacons,  &c.,  as  it  stands  now  established,  and 
as  by  right  it  ought  to  stand,  nor  yet  ever  to  subject  it  to  the 
usurpations  and  superstitions  of  the  See  of  Rome."  But,  in  the 
words  of  Fuller,  "Many  took  exception  at  the  hollownesse  of  the 
Oath  in  the  middle  thereof,  having  its  bowells  puffed  up  with 
a  windie  &c.  a  cheverel  word,  which  might  be  stretched  as  mc  i 

117 


would  measure  it."  The  ecclesiastical  courts  were  corrupted  and 
the  officers  of  them,  such  as  the  commissary  and  apparitor,  were 
cordially  hated.  The  puritan  party  naturally  asked  how  much 
was  included  under  this  "&c."  But  to  the  Royalists  and  Lau- 
dians  this  attitude  was  incomprehensible;  the  most  learned 
members  of  the  Church  had  framed  the  oath,  and  was  it  not 
impudence  in  the  unlearned,  vulgar,  conventicle-haunting  rab- 
ble to  argue  with  them? 

As  the  Oath  was  formulated  during  the  last  days  of  May, 
to  take  effect  upon  the  second  of  the  following  November,  this 
poem  was  probably  written  during  the  autumn  of  1G40. 


118 


A  DIALOGUE   BETWEEN   TWO  ZEALOTS 
UPON  THE  &c.  IN  THE  OATH 

Sir  Roger,  from  a  zealous  piece  of  frieze 
Raised  to  a  vicarage  of  the  children's  threes; 
Whose  yearly  audit  may  by  strict  account 
To  twenty  nobles  and  his  vails  amount; 
Fed  on  the  common  of  the  female  charity 
Until  the  Scots  can  bring  about  their  parity; 
So  shotten  that  his  soul,  like  to  himself. 
Walks  but  in  cuerpo;  this  same  clergy-elf, 
Encountering  with  a  brother  of  the  cloth, 

10  Fell  presently  to  cudgels  with  the  Oath. 

The  quarrel  was  a  strange  misshapen  monster, 
Et  Caetera,  (God  bless  us)  which  may  conster 
The  brand  upon  the  buttock  of  the  Beast, 
The  Dragon's  tail  tied  on  a  knot,  the  nest 
Of  young  Apocryphas,  the  fashion 
Of  a  new  mental  Reservation. 
Whilst  Roger  thus  divides  the  text,  the  other 
Winks  and  expounds,  saying,  "My  pious  brother, 
Hearken  with  reverence,  for  the  point  is  nice. 

20  I  never  read  on  't,  but  I  fasted  twice, 
And  so  by  revelation  know  it  better 

2  Rais'd   to   a  Vicar  of  the  Children  threes;   '53,  '59,  '63, 

65,  R. 
19  &c.  God  bl6sse  us !)  which  they  conster,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 
Vi  While  Roger  thus  divides  the  Text,  the  other  '53,  '63,  R. 

119 


Than  all  the  learned  idolaters  of  the  letter.'' 
With  that  he  swelled  and  fell  upon  the  theme 
Like  great  Goliath  with  his  weaver's  beam. 
"  I  say  to  thee,  Et  Cretcra,  thou  liest ! 
Thou  art  the  curled  lock  of  Antichrist ; 
Rubbish  of  Babel ;  for  who  will  not  say 
Tongues  are  confounded  in  Et  C.Ttera? 
Who  swears  Et  Castera,  swears  more  oaths  at  once 

30  Than  Cei'berus  out  of  his  triple  sconce. 

Who  views  it  well,  with  the  same  eye  beholds 

The  old  false  Serpent  in  his  numerous  folds. 

Accurst  Et  CjEtera !     Now,  now  I  scent 

What  the  prodigious  bloody  oysters  meant ! 

Oh  Booker !     Booker !     How  earnest  thou  to  lack 

This  sign  in  thy  prophetic  almanac? 

It's  the  dark  A^ault  wherein  the  infernal  plot 

Of  powder  'gainst  the  State  was  first  begot. 

Peruse  the  Oath  and  you  shall  soon  descry  it 

40  By  all  the  Father  Garnets  that  stand  by  it; 

'Gainst    whom    the    Church,    (whereof    I    am    a 

member, ) 
Shall  keep  another  Fifth  Day  of  November. 
Yet  here's  not  all;  I  cannot  half  untruss 
Et  Cetera — it's  so  abominous ! 

23  Than  all  the  Idolaters  o'  the  Letter.     R. 

28  Tonpiies  were  confounded  in  &c?     '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

32  The  old  half  Serpent  in  his  numerous  folds.     '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

33  Accurst   &c  thou,   for  now   I  scent,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

34  What   lately   the  prodigious   Oysters   meant.     '53,   '59,   '62, 

'65,  R. 
36  This  Fiend  in  thy  Prophetick  Almanack?     '77,  '87,  '99. 
39  Peruse  the  Oath  and  ye  shall  soon  descry  it,  '65. 
44  Et  Caetera,  it's  so  abdominoiis.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

120 


The  Trojan  nag  was  not  so  I'ullj  lined; 
Unrip  Et  Caetera,  and  you  shall  find 
Og  the  great  commissary,  and,  (which  is  worse,) 
The  apparitor  upon  his  skew-bald  horse. 
Then  finally,  my  babe  of  grace,  forbear, 

50  Et  Caetera  will  be  too  far  to  svrear, 
For  'tis,  (to  speak  in  a  familiar  style,) 
A  Yorkshire  wee  bit  longer  than  a  mile." 
Here  Roger  was  inspired,  and  by  God's  diggers 
He'll  swear  in  Avords  in  length  but  not  in  figures. 
No !  by  this  drink,  which  he  takes  off,  as  loth 
To  leave  Et  Castera  in  his  liquid  oath. 
His  brother  pledged  him,  and  that  bloody  wine 
He  swears  shall  seal  the  Synod's  Cataline. 
So  they  drank  on,  not  offering  to  part 

60  'Till  they  had  quite  sworn  out  the  eleventh  quart. 
While  all  that  saw  and  heard  them  jointly  pray 
They  and  their  tribe  were  all  Et  Caetera. 


49  Then  finally,  my  Babes  of  Grace,  forbear,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

54  Hee'I  swear  in  words  at  large,  and  not  in  figures.     '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  R. 

55  Now  by  this  drink,  which  he  takes  off,  as  loth  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 
60  'Till  they  had  sworn  out  the  eleventh  Quart,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

121 


Of  "SMECTYMNUUS,"  Etc. 

But  the  Parliament  of  April,  1640,  the  "Short  Parliament," 
refused  to  grant  subsidies  without  a  guarantee  for  the  redress 
of  their  "grievances,"  and  consequently  it  was  prorogued  after 
the  phenomenally  short  sitting  of  three  weeks.  The  Scots  broke 
off  negotiations,  crossed  the  Border  in  August,  defeated  the 
Royal  Army,  and  demanded  the  abolition  of  the  episcopacy. 
Again  was  the  King  forced  to  summon  a  parliament  to  obtain 
the  necessary  funds.  This  is  the  famous  "I^ong  Parliament," 
which  lasted  from  November  3,  1640,  imtil  "Pride's  Purge"  in 
1649.  One  of  its  first  acts  was  the  impeachment  of  Strafford; 
Pym,  the  great  Parliamentarian,  here  announced  the  consti- 
tutional principle  of  the  responsibility  of  royal  ministers.  So 
on  May  1^?,  Strafford  paid  with  his  head  the  penalty  of  using 
his  great  abilities  on  the  wrong  side. 

Jointly  with  the  discussion  of  the  reforms  in  the  State,  the 
Church  became  the  subject  of  debate  in  the  House,  and  a  num- 
i)er  of  pamphlets  were  written  to  show  the  Presbyterian  side. 
Of  these,  the  best  known  was  published  March  20,  under  the 
portentous  title:  "Answer  to  a  Book  entitled  'An  Humble 
Remonstrance,'  in  which  the  originall  of  Liturgy  (and)  Episco- 
pacy is  discussed  and  quaeries  propounded  concerning  both, 
the  parity  of  Bishops  and  Presbyters  in  Scripture  demon- 
strated, tlie  occasion  of  their  unparity  in  Antiquity  discovered, 
the  disparity  of  the  ancient  and  our  modern  Bishops  mani- 
fested, the  antiquity  of  Ruling  Elders  in  the  Church  vindi- 
cated, the  Prelaticall  Church  bounded:  Written  by  Smec- 
tymnuus." 

This  name,  which  caused  so  much  wonderment,  was  composed 
of  the  initials  of  five  Puritan  divines,  Stephen  Marshall,  Ed- 
mund Calamy,  Thomas  Young,  Matthew  Newcomen,  and  Will- 
iam Spurstow,  the  last  two  u's  representing  tiie  "w."  The 
poem  which  follows  must  naturally  be  dated  at  least  a  month 
later,  as  the  pole-tax  bill  to  which  he  refers  was  not  passed 
until   June  29. 


m 


SMECTYMNUUS,    OR    THE    CLUB-DIVINES 

Smectymnuus !     The  goblin  makes  me  start! 
In  the  name  of  Rabbi  Abraham  wliat  art? 
Syriac?  or  Arabic?  or  Welsh?  what  skilt? 
Ap  all  the  bricklayers  that  Babel  built? 
Some  conjurer  translate  and  let  me  know  it; 
Till  then  'tis  fit  for  a  West  Saxon  poet. 
But  do  the  brotherhood  then  play  their  prizes 
Like  mummers  in  religion  with  disguises, 
Out-brave  us  with  a  name  in  rank  and  file? 

10  A  name,  which,  if  'twere  trained,  w'ould  spread  a 
The  saints'  monopoly,  the  zealous  cluster      [mile ! 
Which  like  a  pcrcupine  presents  a  muster 
And  shoots  his  quills  at  bishops  and  their  sees, — 
A  devout  litter  of  young  Maccabees ! 
Thus  Jack-of-all-trades  hath  distinctly  shown 
The  Twelve  Apostles  on  a  cherry-stone; 
Thus  faction's  a  la  mode  in  treason's  fashion, 
Now  we  have  heresy  by  complication. 
Like  to  Don  Quixote's  rosary  of  slaves 

20  Strung  on  a  chain ;  a  murnival  of  knaves 

Packed  in  a  trick;  like  gipsies  when  they  ride, 
Or  like  colleagues  which  sit  all  of  a  side. 

4  Ape  all  the  Bricklayers  that  Babel  built.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

15  Thus  Jack  of  all  trades  hath  devoutly  shown,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

16  The  twelve  Apostles  in  a  Cherry-stone.     '77,  '87,  '99. 
22  Or  like  the  College  which  sit  all  of  a  side:  '77,  '87,  '99. 

li?3 


So  the  vain  sat3Tists  stand  all  a  row 

As  liollow  teeth  upon  a  lute-string  show. 

The  Italian  monster  pregnant  with  his  brother, 

Nature's  dieercsis  half  one  another, 

He,  with  his  little  sides-man  Lazarus, 

Must  both  give  way  unto  Smectjmnuus. 

Next  Sturbridge  Fair  is  Smec's ;  for,  lo !  his  side 
30  Into  a  five-fold  lazar's  multiplied. 

Under  each  arm  there's  tucked  a  double  gizzard; 

Five  faces  lurk  under  one  single  vizard. 

The  Whore  of  Babylon  left  these  brats  behind, 

Heirs  of  confusion  by  gavelkind. 

I  think  Pythagoras'  soul  is  rambled  hither 

With  all  her  change  of  raiment  on  together. 

Smec  is  her  general  wardrobe;  she'd  not  dare 

To  think  of  him  as  of  a  thoroughfare. 

He  stops  the  gossiping  dame ;  alone  he  is 
40  The  purlieu  of  a  metempsychosis ; 

Like  to  an  ignis  fatuus  whose  flame. 

Though  sometimes  tripartite,  joins  in  the  same; 

Like  to  nine  tailors,  who,  if  rightly  spelled. 

Into  one  man  arc  monosyllabled. 

Shortluinded  zeal  in  one  hath  cramped  many 

Like  to  the  Decalogue  in  a  single  penny. 

See,  see  how  close  the  curs  hunt  under  a  sheet 

As  if  they  spent  in  quire  and  scanned  their  feet. 

One  cure  and  five  incumbents  leap  a  truss; 
50  The  title  sure  must  be  litigious. 

30  Into  a  fivefold  Lazar  multiplied.     'T7,  '87,  '99. 

36  With  all  the  change  of  Raiment  on  together:  '53,  '59,  '63, 

'65,  R. 
47  See,  see,  how  close  the  curs  hunt  under  sheet,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'G5,  R. 

124 


The  Sadducees  would  raise  a  question 

Who  shall  be  Smec  at  the  Resurrection. 

Who  cooped  them  up  together  were  to  blame. 

Had  thej  but  wire-drawn  and  spun  out  the  name, 

'Twould  make  another  Prentices'  Petition 

Against  the  bishops  and  their  superstition. 

Robson  and  French,  (that  count  from  five  to  five, 

As  far  as  nature  fingers  did  contrive — 

She  saw  they  would  be  sessors,  that's  the  cause 

60  She  cleft  their  hoof  into  so  many  claws,) 
May  tire  their  carrot-bunch,  yet  ne'er  agree 
To  rate  Smectymnuus  for  pole-money. 
Caligula — whose  pride  was  mankind's  bail, 
As  who  disdained  to  murder  by  retail, 
Wishing  the  world  had  but  one  general  neck, — 
His    glutton   blade   might   have    found    game    in 
No  echo  can  improve  the  author  more         [Smec. 
Whose  lungs  pay  use  on  use  to  half  a  score. 
No  felon  is  more  lettered,  though  the  brand 

70  Both  superscribes  his  shoulder  and  his  hand. 
Some  Welshman  was  his  godfather,  for  he 
Wears  in  his  name  his  genealog3\ 
The  bans  are  asked,  would  but  the  times  give  way. 
Betwixt  Smectymnuus  and  Et  Caetera. 

52  Who  must  be  Smec  at  the  Resurrection.    '53,  '59,  '62,  '65  R. 
54  Had  they  but  wire-drawn  and  spun  out  their  name,  '53, 

'59,  '62,  '65,  R. 
58  As  far  as  nature  fingers  can  contrive,  R. 
60  She  cleft  her  hoof  into  so  many  claws,)   '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 
68  Whose  lungs  pay  use  and  use  to  half  a  score.     '77,  '87,  '99. 
71  Some  Welchman  were  his  godfather,  for  he  '65. 
73  The  Banns  are  ask'd,  would  but  the  time  give  way,  '53, 

'59,  '62,  R. 
The  Banes  were  ask'd,  would  but  the  time  give  way,  '65. 
125 


The  guests,  invited  by  a  friendly  summons, 

Should  be  the  Convocation  and  the  Commons. 

The  priest  to  tie  the  foxes'  tails  together 

Mosel}',  or  Santa  Clara,  choose  you  whether. 

See  what  an  offspring  every  one  expects, 
80  What  strange  plurality  of  men  and  sects! 

One  says  he'll  get  a  vestry,  but  another 

Is  for  a  synod ;  bets  upon  the  mother. 

Faith,  cry  St.  George !   Let  them  go  it  and  stickle 

Whether  a  conclave  or  conventicle. 

Thus  might  religions  caterwaul,  and  spite 

Which  uses  to  divorce,  might  once  unite. 

But  there  cross  fortunes  interdict  their  trade ; 

The  groom  is  rampant  but  the  bride  is  spade. 

My  task  is  done,  all  my  he  goats  are  milked. 
90  So  many  cards  in  the  stock,  and  yet  be  bilked.'' 

I  could  by  letters  now  untwist  the  rabble. 

Whip  Smec  from  constable  to  constable; 

But  there  I  leave  you  to  another's  dressing ; 

Only  kneel  down  and  take  your  father's  blessing. 

May  the  Queen  Mother  justify  your  fears 

And  stretch  her  patent  to  your  leather  ears ! 


80  What  strange  pluralities  of  men  and  sects?    '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

81  One  sayes  hee'l  get  a  Vestery,  another  '53,'  59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

82  Is  for  a  Synod:  Bet  upon  the  mother:  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
Is  for  a  Synod:  But  upon  the  Mother:  R. 

88  The  Groom  is  Rampant,  but  the  Bride  displaid.     '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  R. 
93  But  there   1   leave  you  to  another  dressing,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

126 


Of  "UPON  THE  KING'S  RETURN,"  Etc. 

On  August  10th  of  the  same  year,  1641,  the  King  started  on 
a  journey  to  Scotland  for  the  purpose  of  quieting  the  Scotch 
opponents  at  any  cost,  so  that  they  might  be  used  in  the  strug- 
gle which  he  felt  was  impending  in  England.  On  the  whole  his 
experiment  was  not  a  success,  and  he  was  very  glad  in  Novem- 
ber to  return.  In  England  his  return  was  welcomed  jojfuily 
by  both  parties;  the  Royalists,  although  not  yet  defined  as  a 
party,  dutifully  hurrahed,  and  the  Parliament  was  sincerely 
glad  to  have  him  again  under  its  own  eye. 

UPON    THE    KING'S    RETURN    FROM 
SCOTLAND. 

Returned,  I'll  ne'er  believe  't;  first  prove   him 

hence ; 

Kings  travel  by  their  beams  and  influence. 

Who  says  the  soul  gives  out  her  guests,  or  goes 

A  flitting  progress  'twixt  the  head  and  toes.'' 

She  rules  by  omnipresence,  and  shall  we 

Deny  a  prince  the  same  ubiquity? 

Or  grant  he  went  and  'cause  the  knot  was  slack 

Girt  both  the  nations  with  his  zodiac, 

Yet  as  the  tree  at  once  both  upward  shoots, 

10  And  just  as  much  grows  downward  to  the  roots, 

So  at  the  same  time  that  he  posted  thither 

By  counter-stages  he  rebounded  hither. 

Hither  and  hence  at  once ;  thus  every  sphere 

Doth  by  a  double  motion  interfere; 

And  when  his  native-  form  inclines  him  east, 

7  Or  grant  he  want,  and  cause  the  knot  was  slack  '68. 
137 


By  the  first  mover  he  is  ravished  west. 

Have  you  not  seen  how  the  divided  dam 

Runs  to  the  summons  of  her  hungry  lamb ; 

But  when  the  twin  cries  halves,  she  quits  the  first  i 
20  Nature's  commendam  must  be  likewise  nursed. 

So  were  his  journeys  like  the  spider  spun 

Out  of  his  bowels  of  compassion. 

Two  realms,  like  Cacus,  so  his  steps  transpose, 

His  feet  still  contradict  him  as  he  goes. 

England's  returned  that  was  a  banished  soil. 

The  bullet  flying  makes  the  gun  recoil. 

Death's  but  a  separation,  though  endorsed 

With  spade  and  javelin;  we  were  thus  divorced. 

Our  soul  hath  taken  wing  while  we  express 
30  The  corpse  returning  to  their  principles. 

But  the  Crab-tropic  must  not  noAv  prevail. 

Islands  go  back  but  when  you're  under  sail. 

So  his  retreat  hath  rectified  that  wrong. 

Backward  is  forward  in  the  Hebrew  tongue. 

Now  the  Church  Militant  in  plenty  rests, 

Nor  fears,  like  the  Amazon,  to  lose  her  breasts. 

Her  means  are  safe ;  not  squeezed  until  the  blood 

Mix  with  the  milk  and  choke  the  tender  brood. 

She,  that  hath  been  the  floating  ark,  is  that 
40  She  that's  now  seated  on  Mount  Ararat. 

Quits  Charles ;  our  souls  did  guard  him  northward 

Now  he  the  counterpart  comes  south  to  us.      [thus 


20  Natures  Commendum  must  be  likewise  nurst?    '68,  '77. 
25  England's  return'd,  that  was  a  barren  soil;  '68. 
30  The  Corps  returning  to  our  principles.     '68. 
33  So  his  retreat  hath  rectify'd  the  wrong:  '68. 
'l28 


Of  "RUPERTISMUS." 

While  the  King  was  still  in  Scotland,  the  Irish  rose  and 
massacred  a  number  of  the  settlers  in  Ireland.  The  situation 
was  complicated  by  their  showing  forged  commissions  from 
Charles,  in  which  the  Parliament  was  disposed  to  believe.  On 
his  return,  therefore,  they  presented  a  Great  or  Solemn  Re- 
monstrance, citing  all  the  failures  of  his  reign.  In  retort, 
Charles  was  injudicious  enough  to  denounce  Lord  Kimbolton, 
Pym,  Sir  Arthur  Haselrig,  and  others  as  traitors,  and  come  in 
person  to  demand  them.  The  separation  was  now  complete; 
the  King  left  the  City,  and  the  Royal  Standard  was  raised  in 
Nottingham,  August  22,  1642.  The  war  had  begun.  Robert 
Devereux,  Earl  of  Essex  and  son  of  Elizabeth's  favorite,  was 
vhief  in  command  of  the  Army  of  the  Parliament.  Prince  Ru- 
pert, son  of  the  Elector  Palatine,  and  therefore  nephew  of  the 
King,  was  the  typical  cavalier  officer.  The  first  battle  was  at 
Edgehill,  which,  while  doubtful,  left  all  the  moral  advantage 
to  the  Royalists.  On  November  29,  1642,  Oxford  was  chosen 
for  the  royal  headquarters,  as  the  City  had  declared  itself  on 
the  side  of  the  Parliament.  The  first  half  of  1643  was  dis- 
tinctly favorable  to  the  King,  and  the  cloistered  colleges  echoed 
to  jubilant  cavalier  strains. 

Henry  Elsyng  v^as  the  Clerk  of  the  Commons;  I  am  unable 
to  assign  the  reason  for  the  epithet  "  splay-mouthed." 

Philip,  fourth  Lord  Wharton,  a  member  of  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment for  the  Puritans,  and  "very  fast  for  them." 

Sir  Thomas  Lunsford,  "unbeloved  Lunsford,"  had  been  ap- 
pointed Lieutenant  of  the  Tower,  from  which  he  was  removed 
by  popular  dislike;  he  was  then  given  a  commission,  and  served 
zealously.  The  Puritans  so  hated  him  that  rumors  were  .spread 
that  he  ate  children. 

Glyn  and  Maynard,  two  eminent  lawyers  for  the  Parliament; 
the  first  conducted  the  trial  of  Strafford,  and  the  other  summed 
up  the  accusation. 

Edward  Montagu,  Lord  Kimbolton,  who  in  1642  had  succeed- 
ed his  father  as  Earl  of  Manchester,  was  one  of  the  prominent 
Roundhead  Peers. 

129 


RUPERTISMUS 

0  that  I  could  but  vote  myself  a  poet, 
Or  had  the  legislative  knack  to  do  it ! 
Or,  like  the  doctors  militant,  could  get 
Lubbcd  at  adventure  Verser  Banneret! 
Or  had  I  Cacus'  trick  to  make  my  rhymes 
Their  own  antipodes,  and  track  the  times ! 
''Faces  about,"  says  the  remonstrant  spirit, 
"Allegiance  is  malignant,  treason  merit." 
Huntington  colt,  that  posed  the  sage  recorder. 

10  Might  be  a  sturgeon  now  and  pass  by  order. 
Had  I  but  Elsing's  gift,   (that  splay-mouthed 

brother 
That  declares  one  way  and  yet  means  another,) 
Could  I  thus  write  asquint,  then,  Sir,  long  since 
You  had  been  sung  a  great  and  glorious  prince ! 

1  had  observed  the  language  of  these  days. 
Blasphemed     you,    and    then     periwigged     the 

phrase 
With  humble  service  and  such  other  fustian. 
Bells  which  ring  backward  in  this  great  combus- 
I  had  reviled  you,  and  without  offense ;        [tion. 
i  Diih'd  at  adventurers  Verser  Banneret !  '53. 

Duh'd    at     adventures     Verser     Banneret !     '59,    '62,     '65, 
'87,  '99. 
13  Could  I  but  right  a-squint;  then   (Sir)  long  since,  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 
15  I  had  observ'd  the  language  of  the;  dayes,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65, 

'87,  '99. 
18  Bells    which    rung    backward    in    this    great    combustion. 
'62,  '65. 

130 


20  The  literal  and  the  equitable  sense 

Would  make  it  good.     When  all  fails,  this  will 

do  it; 
Sure  that  distinction  cleft  the  Devil's  foot ! 
This  were  my  dialect,  would  your  Highness  please 
To  read  me  but  with  Hebrew  spectacles, 
Interpret  counter  what  is  cross  rehearsed. 
Libels  are  commendations  when  reversed, 
Just  as  an  optic  glass  contracts  the  sight 
At  one  end,  but  when  turned  doth  multiply  it. 
But  you're  enchanted.  Sir,  you're  doubly  free 

30  From  the  great  guns  and  squibbling  poetry, 
Whom  neither  bilbo  nor  invention  pierces. 
Proof  even  against  the  artillery  of  verses. 
Strange  that  the  Muses  cannot  wound  your  mail ! 
If  not  their  art,  yet  let  their  sex  prevail. 

At  that  known  leaguer,  where  the  bonny  besses 
Supplied    the    bow-strings    with    their    twisted 

tresses. 
Your  spells  could  ne'er  have  fenced  you,  every 

arrow 
Had   lanced   your  noble  breast  and   drunk   the 

marrow. 
For  beauty,  like  white  powder,  makes  no  noise 
40  And  yet  the  silent  hypocrite  destroys. 
Then  use  the  Nuns  of  Helicon  with  pity 
Lest  Wharton  tell  his  gossips  of  the  City 
That  you  kill  women  too,  nay  maids,  and  such 
Their  general  wants  militia  to  touch. 
Impotent  Essex !     Is  it  not  a  shame 

26  Libels  are  commendation  when  reversed.    '59,  '62,  '65. 

31  Who  neither  Bilbo,  nor  invention  pierces,  '53. 

131 


Our  Commonwealth,  like  to  a  Turkish  dame, 
Should  have  a  eunuch  guardian?     May  she  be 
Ravished  by  Charles,  rather  than  saved  by  thee! 
But  why,  my  Muse,  like  a  green-sickness  girl, 

50  Feedest  thou  on  coals  and  dirt?     A  gelding  earl 
Gives  no  more  relish  to  thy  female  palate 
Than  to  that  ass  did  once  the  thistle  sallet. 
Then  quit  the  barren  theme  and  all  at  once, 
Thou  and  thy  sisters  like  bright  Amazons, 
Give  Rupert  an  alarum.     Rupert,  one 
Whose  name  is  wit's  superfetation. 
Makes  fancy,  like  eternity's  round  womb, 
Unite  all  valour,  present,  past,  to  come! 
He  who  the  old  philosophy  controls 

60  That  voted  down  plurality  of  souls ! 

He  breathes  a  grand  committee ;  all  that  were 
The  wonders  of  their  age  constellate  here. 
And  as  the  elder  sisters,  Growth  and  Sense, 
Souls  paramount  in  themselves,  in  man  commence 
But  faculties  of  Reason  Queen ;  no  more 
Are  they  to  him,  (who  was  complete  before) 
Ingredients  of  his  virtues.     Thread  the  beads 
Of  Caesar's  acts,  great  Pompe3^'s  and  the  Swede's, 
And  'tis  a  bracelet  fit  for  Rupert's  hand, 

70  By  which  that  vast  triumvirate  is  spanned. 
Here,  here  is  palmestry ;  here  you  may  read 
How  long  the  world  shall  live  and  when  it  shall 
bleed. 

52  Then  to  the  Ass  did  once  the  Thistle-Salat.    '77,  '87,  '99, 

'87,  '99. 

53  Then  quit  his  barren  Theme,  and  all  at  once  '77,  '87,  '99. 
58  Unite  all  Valour  past,  present,  to  come.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

63  And  as  the  elder  sister,  growth  and  sence,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

132 


What  every  man  winds  up,  that  Rupert  hath, 
For  Nature  raised  him  on  the  Pubhc  Faith ; 
Pandora's  brother,  to  make  up  whose  store 
The  gods  were  fain  to  run  upon  the  score. 
Such  was  the  painter's  brief  for  Venus'  face ; 
Item,  an  eye  from  Jane ;  a  hp  from  Grace. 
Let  Isaac  and  his  citz  flay  off  the  plate 

80  That  tips  their  antlers  for  the  calf  of  state ; 

Let  the  zeal-twanging  nose,  that  wants  a  ridge, 
Snuffling  devoutly,  drop  his  silver  bridge; 
Yes,  and  the  gossip's  spoon  augment  the  sum 
Although  poor  Caleb  lose  his  Christendom; 
Rupert  out-weighs  that  in  his  sterling  self 
Which  their  self -want  pays  in  committee  pelf. 
Pardon,  great  Sir,  for  that  ignoble  crew 
Gains  when  made  bankrupt  in  the  scales  with  you. 
As  he,  who  in  his  character  of  light 

90  Styled  it  God's  shadow,  made  it  far  more  bright 
By  an  eclipse  so  glorious,  (light  is  dim 
And  a  black  nothing  when  compared  to  Him,) 
So  'tis  illustrious  to  be  Rupert's  foil 
And  a  just  trophy  to  be  made  his  spoil. 

73  What  ever  man  winds  up,  that  Rupert  hath;  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  '87,  '99. 

74  For  nature  raiz'd  him  of  the  Publike  Faith,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  '87,  '99. 

79  Let  Isaac  and  his  Cit'z  flea  of  the  place  '53. 
Let  Isaac  and  his  Cit'z  flea  off  the  plate  '87,  '99. 

80  That  tips  their  Antlets  for  their  Calf  of  Stace.    '53. 
That  tips  their  Antlets  for  their  Calf  of  State.   '77,  '87,  '99. 
That  tips  their  antlets  for  the  Calf  of  State.     '87,  '99. 

83  Yes  and  the  gossip  spoon  augment  the  sum,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
86  Which  their  self-want  paies  in  commuting  pelf.     '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  '87,  '99. 
92  And  a  black  Nothinj^  when  compar'd  with  him)  '77, '87, '99. 

ic: 


I'll  pin  my  faith  on  the  diurnal's  sleeve 
Hereafter,  and  the  Guildhall  creed  believe; 
The  conquests  which  the  Common  Council  hears 
With  their  wide  listening  mouth  from  the  great 
That  run  away  in  triumph.     Such  a  foe      [Peers 

100  Can  make  them  victors  in  their  overthrow; 
Where  providence  and  valour  meet  in  one, 
Courage  so  poised  with  circumspection 
That  he  revives  the  quarrel  once  again 
Of  the  soul's  throne;  whether  in  heart,  or  brain. 
And  leaves  it  a  drawn  match;  whose  fervor  can 
Hatch  him  whom  Nature  poached  but  half  a 

man; 
His  trumpet,  like  the  angel's  at  the  last, 
Makes  the  soul  rise  by  a  miraculous  blast. 
Were  the  Mount  Athos  carved  in  shape  of  man 

110  As  was  designed  by  the  Macedonian, 

(Whose    right    hand    should    a    populous    land 

contain. 
The  left  should  be  a  channel  to  the  main,) 
His  spirit  would  inform  the  amphibious  figure 
And,  straight  laced,  sweat  for  a  dominion  bigger. 

99  That  ran  away  in  triumph:  such  a   foe  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65, 

'87,  '99. 
100  Can  make  Men   Victors  in   their   Overthrow,   '77,  '87,   '99, 
'87,  '99. 

109  'Twas  the  Mount  Athos  carv'd  in  shape  of  man  '53,  '59, 

'63,  '65,  '87,  '99. 
Was  that  Mount  Athos  carv'd  in  shape  of  Man,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

110  (As   'twas   desin'd   by   th'    Macedonian)    '53,   '59,   '62,   '65, 

'87,  '99. 
114  Yet    straight-Iac'd    sweats    for    a    Dominion    bigger:    '53, 
'87,  '99. 
And  straight-lac'd  swears  for  a  Dominion  bigger:  '59,  '65. 
Yet  strait-iac'd  swears  for  a  Dominion  bigger:  '62. 
134 


The  terror  of  whose  name  can  out  of  seven, 
Like  FalstafF's  buckram  men,  make  fly  eleven. 
Thus  some  grow  rich  by  breaking.     Vipers  thus. 
By  being  slain,  are  made  more  numerous. 
No  wonder  they'll  confess  no  loss  of  men, 

120  For  Rupert  knocks  them  till  they  gig  again. 
They  fear  the  giblets  of  his  train,  they  fear 
Even  his  dog,  that  four-legged  cavalier; 
He  that  devours  the  scraps  that  Lunsford  makes  ; 
Whose  picture  feeds  upon  a  child  in  stakes ; 
Who,  name  but  Charles,  he  comes  aloft  for  him, 
But  holds  up  his  malignant  leg  at  Pym. 
'Gainst  whom  they  have  these  articles  in  souse : 
First,   that   he   barks   against  the  sense   of  tlie 

House ; 
Resolved  delinquent,  to  the  Tower  straight, 

130  Either  to  the  Lions'  or  to  the  Bishops'  Grate: 
Next,  for  his  ceremonious  wag  of  the  tail: 
(But  here  the  sisterhood  will  be  his  bail. 
At  least  the  Countess  will,  Lust's  Amsterdam, 
That  lets  in  all  religions  of  the  game.) 
Thirdly,  he  smells  intelligence;  that's  better 
And  cheaper  too  than  Pym's  from  his  own  letter. 
Who    is    doubly    paid,    (Fortune    or    we    the 

blinder!) 
For  making  plots  and  then  for  fox  the  finder : 
Lastly,  he  is  a  devil  without  doubt, 

140  For,  when  he  would  lie  down,  he  wheels  about, 

123  He  that  devours  the  scraps,  which  I-nnsford  makes,  '53, 

'59,  '62,  '65,  '87,  '99. 
12T  'Gainst  whom  they  have  several  Articles  in  souse:  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  '87,  '99. 
133  At  least  the  Countess  with  Lust's  Amsterdam,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

135 


Makes  circles,  and  Is  couchant  In  a  ring; 
And  therefore  score  up  one  for  conjuring. 
"What    canst    thou    say,    thou    wretch!"     "O 

quarter,  quarter! 
I'm  but  an  instrument,  a  mere  Sir  Arthur. 
If  I  must  hang,  O  let  not  our  fates  vary, 
Whose  office  'tis  alike  to  fetch  and  carry !" 
No  hopes  of  a  reprieve;  the  mutinous  stir 
That  strung  the  Jesuit  will  despatch  the  cur. 
"Were  I  a  devil  as  the  rabble  fears, 
150  I  see  the  House  would  try  me  by  my  peers !" 
There,    Jowler,    there!     Ah,    Jowler!    'st     'tis 

nought ! 
Whate'er  the  accusers  cry,  they're  at  default 
And  Glyn  and  INIaynard  have  no  more  to  say 
Than  when  the    glorious  Strafford  stood  at  bay. 
Thus  libels  but  annexed  to  him,  we  see. 
Enjoy  a  copyhold  of  victory. 
Saint  Peter's  shadow  healed ;  Rupert's  is  such 
'Twould   find   Saint   Peter  work  and  wound  as 

much. 

148  That    strung    the    Jesuit,    will    despatch    a    cur,    '53,    '62, 

'87,  '99. 
That  strung  a  Jesuit,  will  despatch  a  cur.     '59,  '65. 

149  Were  I  a  devil  as  the  Rebel  fears,  '53,  '63,  '87,  '99. 

152  What  ere  the  accusers  cry,  they're  at  a  fault;  '53,  '59,  '62, 
'G5,  ("87,  '99)? 

154  Then  when  the  glorious  Strafford  stood  at  bay.     '59,  ^65, 

'77,  '87,  '99,  ('87,  '99)? 

155  Thus   Isabels     .     .     .     ,    but    amount    to    him    we   see    '53, 

'59,  '62,  '65. 

156  T'  enjoy  a  Copyhold  of  Victory.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

157  S.   Peters  shadow  heal'd;  Rupert  is  such;  '59,  '62,  '65. 

158  'Twould   finil  St.   Peters   Work,  yet  wound  as  much:     '53, 

'62,   '87,   '99. 

136 


He  gags  their  guns,  defeats  their  dire  intent; 

I'jO  The  cannons  do  but  Hsp  and  coniphment. 
Sure,  Jove  descended  in  a  leaden  shower 
To  get  this  Perseus ;  hence  the  fatal  power 
Of  shot  is  strangled.      Bullets  thus  allied 
Fear  to  commit  an  act  of  parricide. 
Go  on,  brave  Prince,  and  make  the  world  confess 
Thou  art  the  greater  world  and  that  the  less. 
Scatter  the  accumulative  king ;  untruss 
That  five-fold  fiend,  the  State's  Smectymnuus, 
Who  place  religion  in  their  vellam  ears 

170  As  in  their  phylacteries  the  Jews  did  theirs. 
England's  a  paradise,  and  a  modest  word 
Since  guarded  by  a  cherub's  flaming  sword. 
Your  name  can  scare  an  atheist  to  his  prayers, 
And  cure  the  chincough  better  than  the  bears. 
Old  sibyls  charm  toothache  with  you;  the  nurse 
Makes  you  still  children ;  and  the  ponderous  curse 
The  clown  salutes  with  is  derived  from  3'ou, 
"Now  Rupert,  take  thee,  rogue,  how  dost  thou 
In  fine  the  name  of  Rupert  thunders  so,      [do.'"' 

180  Kimbolton's  but  a  rumbling  wheelbarrow. 


162  To  get  his  Perseus;  hence  the  fata!!  po>ver  '59,  '62,  '65. 
175  Old  Slybill  charms  the  Tooth-ach  with  you:  Nurse  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  '87,  '99. 
177  The  clowns  salute  with,  is  deriv'd   from  you,  '53,  '59,  '6-2, 

'65,  '87,  '99. 

137 


Of  "UPON  SIR  THOMAS  MARTIN." 

On  the  first  of  April,  1643,  an  "Ordinance  of  the  Lords  and 
Commons  Assembled  in  Parliament"  was  passed  to  provide  the 
munitions  of  war.  The  method  was  to  "sequester"  the  estates 
of  the  "malignants."  "Be  it  therefore  ordained  by  the  said 
lords  and  commons  that  the  estates,  as  well  real  as  personal, 
of  the  several  bishops  hereafter  mentioned  .  .  .  and  of  all 
such  bishops,  deans,  deans  and  chapters,  prebends,  archdeacons, 
and  of  all  other  person  and  persons,  ecclesiastical  or  temporal, 
as  have  raised  or  shall  raise  arms  against  the  parliament, 
or  have  been,  are  or  shall  be  in  actual  war  against  the  same; 
or  have  voluntarily  contributed,  or  shall  voluntarily  contribute 
.  .  .  shall  be  forthwith  seized  and  sequestered  into  the  hands 
of  the  sequestrators  and  committees  hereafter  in  this  ordinance 
named.  .    .    . 

"For  the  County  of  Cambridge, 
"  Sir    Dudley    North,     Sir    John    Cuts,     Sir   Thomas   Martin, 
knights;   Captain   Symonds,  Dudley  Pope  esqrs. ;    .    .    .    etc." 
London,  1648. 

This  sweeping  act  practically  beggared  the  royalists,  and 
it  was  naturally  bitterly  resented  by  them.  By  the  law,  "any 
two  or  more"  of  the  sequestrators  constituted  a  tribunal  with 
power  to  deprive  a  man  of  his  property  without  recourse. 

The  following  poem  is  probably  the  last  written  at  Cam- 
bridge: 


138 


UPON  SIR  THOMAS  MARTIN 

WHO      SUBSCRIBED      A      WARRANT      THUS:       "  WE      THE 

KNIGHTS   AND   GENTLEMEN   OF   THE   COMMITTEE," 

WHEN    THERE   WAS   NO    KNIGHT    BUT    HIMSELP 

Hang  out  a  flag  and  gather  pence  apiece ! 
Which  Afric  never  bred  nor  swelling  Greece. 
With  stories'  tympany,  a  beast  so  rare 
No  lecturer's  wrought  cap,  nor  Bartholomew  Fair 
Can  match  him ;  nature's  whimsey  that  outvies 
Tredescant  and  his  ark  of  novelties ; 
The  Gog  and  Magog  of  prodigious  sights, 
With  reverence  to  your  eyes.  Sir  Thomas  Knights. 
But  is  this  bigamy  of  titles  due? 
10  Are  you  Sir  Thomas  and  Sir  Martin  too? 
Issachar  couchant  'twixt  a  brace  of  sirs, 
Thou  knighthood  in  a  pair  of  panniers ; 
Thou,  that  look'st,  wrapped  up  in  thy  warlike 

leather. 
Like  Valentine  and  Orson  bound  together; 
Spurs'  representative,  thou,  that  art  able 
To  be  a  voider  to  King  Arthur's  table ; 
Who,  in  this  sacrilegious  mass  of  all, 
It  seems  has  swallowed  Windsor's  Hospital; 
Pair  royal  headed;  Cerberus's  cousin. 

4  No  Lectures  wrought  cap,  nor  Bartholmew  fair  '59,  '62,  '65. 

5  Can   match   him;   natures   whimsej%   one  that   out-vies   '53, 

'59,  '62,  '65. 

6  Tredeskin  and  his  ark  of  Novelties.    '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

139 


20  Hercules'  labours  were  a  baker's  dozen ; 

Had  he  but  trumped  on  thee  whose  forked  neck 
jMight  have  well  answered  at  the  font  for  Smec. 
But  can  a  knighthood  on  a  knighthood  He? 
IMetal  on  metal  is  false  heraldry; 
And  yet  the  known  Godfrey  of  Bouillon's  coat 
Shines  in  exception  to  the  herald's  vote. 
Great  spirits  move  not  by  pedantic  laws; 
Their  actions  though  eccentric  state  the  cause, 
And  Priscian  bleeds  with  honour.     Czesar  thus 

SO  Subscribed  two  consuls  with  one  Julius. 

Tom,  never  loaded  squire,  scarce  yeoman  high, 

Is  Tom  twice  dipped,  knight  of  a  double  dye ! 

Fond  man,  whose  fate  is  in  his  name  betrayed! 

It  is  the  setting  sun  doubles  his  shade. 

But  it  is  no  matter,  for  amphibious  he 

May  have  a  knight  hanged,  yet  Sir  Tom  go  free ! 


24  Metall  on  metall  is  ill  Armory.     '53. 

31  Tom  never  oaded-Squire,  scarce  Yeoman  high,  '62,  '65,  '77, 
'87,  '99. 

140 


Of  "THE  MIXED  ASSEMBLY." 

During  this  period,  the  Parliament  had  not  forgotten  the 
religious  difficulty.  An  ordinance  was  issued  calling  the  famous 
"Westminster  Assembly,"  which  held  its  first  sitting  July  ], 
1G43.  The  adjective  "mixed"  is  due  to  the  fact  that  it  was 
not  composed  of  divines  alone,  but  contained  ten  lords,  twenty 
commoners,  and  one  hundred  and  nineteen  ministers.  William 
Twisse  was  appointed  by  the  Parliament  to  be  the  speaker,  and 
Dr.  John  Burges  to  act  for  him  if  absent. 

The  Peers  to  be  remembered  for  this  poem  are: 

Philip   Herbert,   Earl  of  Pembroke,  a  stout   Presbyterian. 

Basil  Fielding,  2nd,  Earl  of  Denbigh,  who  in  April  had  just 
succeeded  to  the  title  of  his  royalist  father,  but  not  to  his 
politics;  William  Fiennes,  Lord  Say  and  Sele,  "Old  Subtlety," 
a  roundhead. 

Lords  Kimbolton  and  Wharton. 

The  Commoners  are  Pym,  the  great  leader,  and  Selden,  the 
equally  great  scholar  and  author  of  "Table  Talk,"  etc. 

The  divines  are: 

Stephan   Marshall,   renowned   for  his   powerful   preaching. 

Herbert  Palmer,  "  a  man  of  small  stature,  puny  appearance, 
a»d  delicate  health."  He  is  the  author  of  "Christian  Para- 
doxes," so  long  attributed  to  Lord  Bacon. 

Oliver  Bowles,  who  as  early  as  1631  had  been  removed  for  a 
puritanical  sermon. 

"Brooke's  preacher"  I  identify  as  Thomas  Hill,  who  wa5  the 
great  friend  of  Lord  Brooke,  and  "mumping  Lidie"  has  eluded 
my  search. 


141 


THE  MIXED  ASSEMBLY 

Flea-bltten  synod,  an  assembly  brewed 
Of  clerks  and  elders  ana,  like  the  rude 
Chaos  of  Presbytery,  where  laymen  guide 
With  the  tame  woolpack  clergy  by  their  side. 
Who  asked  the  banns  'twixt  these  discolored  mates  ? 
A  strange  grotesco  this ;  the  Church  and  states, 
Most  divine  tick-tack  in  a  pye-bald  crew, 
To  serve  as  table-men  of  divers  hue ! 
She,  that  conceived  an  Ethiopian  heir 

10  By  picture  when  the  parents  both  were  fair, 
At  sight  of  you  had  born  a  dappled  son. 
You  checkering  her  imagination. 
Had  Jacob's  flock  but  seen  you  sit,  the  dams 
Had  brought  forth  speckled  and  ring-streaked 
Like  an  impropriator's  motley  kind  [lambs. 

Whose  scarlet  coat  is  with  a  cassock  lined; 
Like  the  lay-thief  in  a  canonic  weed, 
Sure  of  his  clergy  ere  he  did  the  deed; 
Like  Royston  crows,  who  are  (as  I  may  say) 

20  Friars  of  both  the  Orders,  Black  and  Gray ; 

So    mixed    they    arcj    one    knows    not    whether's 
A  layer  of  burgess,  or  a  layer  of  vicar,      [thicker, 
Have  they  usurped  what  Royal  Judah  had, 
And  now  must  Levi  too  part  stakes  with  Gad.'' 
The  scepter  and  the  crosier  arc  the  crutches. 
Which  if  not  trusted  in  their  pious  clutches, 
142 


Will  fail  the  cripple  State.  And  were  it  not  a  pitj 
That  both  should  serve  the  yardwand  of  the  City? 
That  Isaac  might  go  stroke  his  beard  and  sit 
30  Judge  of  as   "AtSco  and  elegerit? 

O  that  they  were  in  chalk  and  charcoal  drawn ! 
The  miscellany-satyr  and  the  fawn 
And  all  the  adulteries  of  twisted  nature 
But  faintly  represent  this  riddling  feature; 
Whose  members  being  not  tallies,  they'll  not  o^^  n 
Their  fellows  at  the  resurrection. 
Strange   scarlet   doctors   these!     They'll   pass   in 
For  sinners  half  refined  in  Purgatory,  [story 

Or  parboiled  lobsters,  where  there  jointly  rules 
40  The  fading  sables  and  the  coming  gules. 

The  flea  that  Falstaff  damned  thus  lewdly  shows 
Tormented  in  the  flames  of  Bardolph's  nose. 
Like  him  that  wore  the  dialogue  of  cloaks 
This  shoulder  John-a-stiles,  that  John-a-nokes ; 
Like  Jew  and  Christians  in  a  ship  together 
With  an  old  neck- verse  to  distinguish  either; 
Like  their  intended  discipline  to  boot. 
Or  whatsoe'er  hath  neither  head  nor  foot ; 
Such  may  these  stripped  stuffy-hangings  seem  to 
50  Sacrilege  matched  with  codpiece  simony.  [be, 

Be  sick  and  dream  a  little,  you  may  then 
Fancy  these  linsey-woolsey  vestry-men. 

28  But  both  should  serve  the  yardwand  of  the  City?    '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 

29  That  Isaac  might  streak  his  beard,  and  sit  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 
36  Their  fellowes  at  their  Resurrection,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

44  This  shoulder  John-a-stile,  that  John-a-Nokes.     '59,  '62,  '65. 
49  Such  may  their  stript-stuff  hangings  seem  to  be  '53,  '59, 
'62,  '65* 

143 


Forbear,  good  Pembroke,  be  not  over  daring. 
Such  company  may  chance  to  spoil  thy  swearing, 
And  thy  drum-major  oaths,  of  bulk  unruly, 
May  dwindle  to  a  feeble  "By  my  truly" ! 
He  that  the  noble  Percy's  blood  inherits, 
Will  he  strike  up  a  hotspur  of  the  spirits? 
He'll  fright  the  Obadiahs  out  of  tune 

60  With  his  uncircumcised  Algernon  ; 

A  name  so  stubborn,  'tis  not  to  be  scanned 
By  him  in  Gath  with  the  six  fingered  hand. 
See,  they  obey  the  magic  of  my  words ! 
Presto !  they're  gone,  and  now  the  House  of  Lords 
Looks  like  the  withered  face  of  an  old  hag, 
But  with  three  teeth  like  to  a  triple  gag. 
A  jig!  a  jig!  and  in  this  antic  dance 
Fielding  and  Doxie  INIarshall  first  advance. 
Twisse   blows    the    Scotch-pipes,    and   the    loving 
brace 

70  Puts  on  the  traces  and  treads  cinque-a-pace 

Then  Say  and  Sele  must  his  old  hamstrings  sup- 
And  he  and  rumbled  Palmer  make  a  couple,     [pie, 
Palmer's  a  fruitful  girl  if  he'll  unfold  her; 
The  midwife  may  find  work  about  her  shoulder. 
Kimbolton,  that  rebellious  Boanerges, 
Must  be  content  to  saddle  Dr.  Burges. 
If  Burges  get  a  clap,  'tis  ne'er  the  worse, 
But  the  fifth  time  of  his  compurgators. 

55  And    these    Drum-Major   oaths    of   bulk   unruly,   '53,   '59, 

'62,  '65. 
59  Hee'l  fright  the  Obadiah  out  of  tune,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65. 

He'l   fright  the  Obadiah's  out  of  tune  '77,  '87,  '99. 
72  Then   he  and   rumpled   Palmer  makes   a  couple.     '53,  '59, 
'62,  '65. 

144 


Nol  Bowls  is  coy ;  good  sadness  cannot  dance 

80  But  in  obedience  to  the  ordinance- 
Here  Wharton  wheels  about  till  mumping  Liddy, 
Like  the  full  moon,  hath  made  his  lordship  giddy. 
Pym  and  the  members  must  their  giblets  levy 
To  encounter  Madam  Smec,  that  single  bevy. 
If  they  two  truck  together,  'twill  not  be 
A  child-birth,  but  a  gaol-delivery. 
Thus  every  Ghibelline  hath  got  his   Guelph 
But  Selden, — he's  a  galliard  by  himself; 
And  well  may  be ;  there's  more  divines  in  him 

90  Than  in  all  this,  their  Jewish  Sanhcdrin: 

Whose  canons  in  the  forge  shall  then  bear  date 
When  mules  their  cousins  german  generate. 
Thus  Moses'  law  is  violated  now ; 
The  ox  and  ass  go  yoked  in  the  same  plough. 
Resign  thy  coach-box,  Twisse;  Brooke's  preacher 
Would  sort  the  beasts  with  more  conformity,     [he 
Water  and  earth  make  but  one  globe ;  a  Round- 
Is  clergy-lay,  party-per-pale  compounded,    [head 


145 


Of  "THE   REBEL  SCOT." 

The'  siege  of  Gloucester,  August  10,  1643,  is  always  given  as 
the  turning  point  of  the  war.  It  was  not  that  the  King  was 
defeated  so  much  as  that  he  failed  to  score  a  victory,  when  a 
victory  would  have  been  decisive.  Pym  rose  to  the  occasion, 
forced  the  Covenant  upon  England,  and  called  in  the  Scots. 
His  death,  December  6th,  followed  this  last  triumph.  The 
Scotch  army  of  invasion  entered  England  January  19,  1644,  to 
fight  against  their  King.  To  the  Royalists  there  seemed  no 
greater  wickedness  than  this  action  of  the  Scots,  who  were  thus 
at  one  and  the  same  time  both  foreign  invaders  and  rebellious 
subjects.  The  satire  which  follows  is  Cleveland's  most  cele- 
brated work. 

THE    REBEL    SCOT 

How,  Providence?  and  yet  a  Scottish  crew? 
Then  Madame  Nature  wears  black  patches  too! 
What  shall  our  nation  be  in  bondage  thus 
Unto  a  land  that  truckles  under  us? 
Ring  the  bells  backward !     I  am  all  on  fire. 
Not  all  the  buckets  in  a  country  quire 
Shall  quench  my  rage.    A  poet  should  be  feared, 
When  angry,  like  a  comet's  flaming  beard. 
And  where's  the  stoic  can  his  wrath  appease, 

10  To  see  his  country  sick  of  Pym's  disease? 
By  Scotch  invasion  to  be  made  a  prey 
To  such  pigwidgeon  myrmidons  as  they? 
But   that  there's   charm   in   verse,   I  would   not 
The  name  of  Scot  without  an  antidote ;       [quote 
Unless  my  head  were  red,  that  I  might  brew 

13  But,  there's  charm  in  verse  that  I  would  not  quote  R. 

146 


Invention  there  that  might  be  poison  too. 
Were  I  a  drowsy  judge  whose  dismal  note 
Disgorgeth  halters  as  a  juggler's  throat 
Doth  ribbons;  could  I  in  Sir  Empiric's  tone 

20  Speak  pills  in  phrase  and  quack  destruction ; 
Or  roar  like  ]Marshall,  that  Geneva  bull, 
Hell  and  damnation  a  pulpit  full; 
Yet  to  express  a  Scot,  to  play  that  prize, 
Not  all  those  mouth-grenadoes  can  suffice. 
Before  a  Scot  can  properly  be  curst, 
I  must  like  Hocus  swallow  daggers  first. 
Come,  keen  iambics,  with  your  badger's  feet 
And  badger-like  bite  until  your  teeth  do  meet. 
Help,  ye  tart  satirists,  to  imp  my  rage 

30  With  all  the  scorpions  that  should  whip  this  age. 
Scots  are  like  witches ;  do  but  whet  your  pen. 
Scratch  till  the  blood  comes,  they'll  not  hurt  j'ou 
Now,  as  the  martyrs  were  enforced  to  take  [then. 
The  shape  of  beasts,  like  hypocrites  at  stake 
I'll  bait  my  Scot  so,  yet  not  cheat  your  eyes ; 
A  Scot  Avithin  a  beast  is  no  disguise. 
No  more  let  Ireland  brag;  her  harmless  nation 
Fosters  no  venom  since  the  Scot's  plantation: 
Nor  can  our  feigned  antiquity  obtain ; 

40  Since  they  came  in,  England  hath  wolves  again. 
The  Scot  that  kept  the  Tower  might  have  shown, 
Within  the  grate  of  his  own  breast  alone. 
The  leopard  and  the  panther,  and  engrossed 
What  all  those  wild  collegiates  had  cost 
The  honest  high-shoes  in  their  termly  fees ; 

28  And  Badger-like,  bite  till  your  feet  do  meet;  '68. 

38  Fosters  no  Venom  since  that  Scot's  Plantation:  '77,  '87, '99. 

39  Nor  can  ours  feign'd  antiquity  maintain;  '53,  '62,  '65, '68,  R. 


First  to  the  savage  lawyer,  next  to  these. 
Nature  herself  doth  Scotchmen  beasts  confess, 
Making  their  country  such  a  wilderness: 
A  land  that  brings  in  question  and  suspense 
50  God's    omnipresence,    but    that     Charles    came 
thence. 
But  that  Montrose  and  Crawford's  loyal  band 
Atoned  their  sin  and  christened  half  the  land. 
Nor  is  it  all  the  nation  hath  these  spots ; 
There  is  a  Church  as  well  as  Kirk  of  Scots. 
As  in  a  picture  where  the  squinting  paint 
Shows  fiend  on  this  side,  and  on  that  side  saint. 
He,  that  saw  Hell  in  his  melancholy  dream 
And  in  the  twilight  of  his  fancy's  theme, 
Scared  from  his  sins,  repented  in  a  fright, 
60  Had  he  viewed  Scotland,  had  turned  proselyte. 
A  land  where  one  may  pray  with  cursed  intent, 
O,  may  they  never  suffer  banishment ! 
Had  Cain  been  Scot,  God  would  have  changed 
his  doom ; 

Not  forced  him  wander  but  confined  him  home! 

Like  Jews  they  spread  and  as  infection  fly, 

As  if  the  Devil  had  ubiquity. 

Hence  'tis  they  live  at  rovers  and  defy 

This  or  that  place,  rags  of  geography. 

They're  citizens  of  the  w  orld ;  they're  all  in  all ; 
70  Scotland's  a  nation  epidemical. 

And  yet  they  ramble  not  to  learn  the  mode, 

How  to  be  dressed,  or  how  to  lisp  abroad ; 

To  return  knowing  in  the  Spanish  shrug, 

51  But  that  Montrose  and  Crawford's  Royal  Band  '87,  '99. 

52  Atton'd    their    Sin,    and    Christned    half   their    Land.     '77, 

'87,  '99. 

148 


Or  which  of  the  Dutch  states  a  double  jug 
Resembles  most  in  belly  or  in  beard, 
(The  card  by  which  the  marinecrs  are  steered.) 
No,  the  Scots-errant  fight  and  fight  to  cat, 
Their  ostrich  stomachs  make  their  swords  their 

meat. 
Nature  with  Scots  as  tooth-drawers  hath  dealt 
80  Who  use  to  string  their  teeth  upon  their  belt. 
Yet  wonder  not  at  this  their  happy  choice, 
The  serpent's  fatal  still  to  Paradise. 
Sure,  England  hath  the  hemorrhoids,  and  these 
On  the  north  postern  of  the  patient  seize 
Like  leeches;  thus  they  physically  thirst 
After  our  blood,  but  in  the  cure  shall  burst ! 
Let  them  not  think  to  make  us  run  of  the  score 
-  To  purchase  villanage,  as  once  before 
When  an  act  passed  to  stroke  them  on  the  head, 
90  Call  them  good  subjects,  buy  them  gingerbread. 
Not  gold,  nor  acts  of  grace,  'tis  steel  must  tame 
The  stubborn  Scot;  a  Prince  that  would  reclaim 
Rebels  by  yielding,  doth  like  him,  or  worse. 
Who  saddled  his  own  back  to  shame  his  horse. 
Was  it  for  this  you  left  your  leaner  soil. 
Thus  to  lard  Israel  with  Egypt's  spoil. -^ 
They  are  the  Gospel's  life-guard ;  but  for  them, 
The  garrison  of  New  Jerusalem, 
What  would  the  brethren  do  ?    The  Cause  !    The 

100  Sack-possets  and  the  fundamental  laws  !    [Cause! 

80  Who  use  to  hang  their  teeth  upon  their  belt.     '53,  '59,  '62, 
'65,  R. 

84  On  the  North  posture  of  the  patient  seize,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65, 
'68,  R. 

91  Nor  Gold,  nor  Acts  of  grace,  'tis  steel  must   tame,  '53, 
'62,  '68,  R. 

149 


Lord !  What  a  godly  thing  is  want  of  shirts ! 
How  a  Scotch  stomach  and  no  meat  converts! 
They  wanted  food  and  raiment,  so  they  took 
ReHgion  for  their  seamstress  and  their  cook. 
Unmask  them  well;  their  honours  and  estate, 
As  well  as  conscience,  are  sophisticate. 
Shrive  but  their  titles  and  their  moneys  poize, 
A  laird  and  twenty  pence  pronounced  with  noise. 
When  construed,  but  for  a  plain  yeoman  go, 

110  And  a  good  sober  two-pence  and  well  so. 

Hence  then,  you  proud  impostors ;  get  you  gone. 
You  Picts  in  gentry  and  devotion ; 
You  scandal  to  the  stock  of  verse,  a  race 
Able  to  bring  the  gibbet  in  disgrace. 
Hypcrbolus  by  suffering  did  traduce 
The  ostracism  and  shamed  it  out  of  use. 
The  Indian,  that  Heaven  did  forswear 
Because  he  heard  some  Spaniards  were  there. 
Had  he  but  known  what  Scots  in  Hell  had  been, 

120  He  would  Erasmus-like  have  hung  between. 
My  Muse  hath  done.     A  voider  for  the  nonce. 
I  wrong  the  Devil  should  I  pick  their  bones ; 
That  dish  is  his ;  for,  when  the  Scots  decease, 
Hell,  like  their  nation,  feeds  on  barnacles. 
A  Scot,  when  from  the  gallow-trce  got  loose, 
Drops  into  St3'x  and  turns  a  Soland  goose. 

107  Shri\e  but  their  titles,  and  their  money  poize,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'()5,  '68,  R. 
Shrive  "but  their  Title,  and  their  Moneys  poize,  '77,  '87,  '99. 

108  A  I/uird  and  twenty  pounds  pronounc'd  with  noise,  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  '68,  R. 
113  You  scandal  to  a  stock  of  Verse,  a  race  '65. 
118  Because  he  heard  the  Spaniards  were  there,  '53,   '59,  '69, 

'65,  '68,  R. 


Of  "AN  ELEGY  UPON  THE  ARCHBISHOP,"  Etc. 

The  end  of  1644  passed  in  minor  actions,  in  the  main  favor- 
able to  Parliament.  All  this  time,  William  Laud,  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury,  had  been  closely  imprisoned  in'  the  Tower. 
Now,  January  10,  1645,  four  years  after  the  death  of  his  col- 
league Strafford,  the  old  man  was  beheaded  on  Tower  Hill. 
As  in  the  case  of  his  friend,  he  had  committed  crimes  which 
were  not  legally  punishable,  and  to  Royalists  it  seemed  a  trav- 
esty of  justice. 

AN  ELEGY  UPON  THE  ARCHBISHOP  OF 
CANTERBURY 

I  need  no  Muse  to  give  my  passion  vent. 

He  brews  his  tears  that  studies  to  lament. 

Verse  chemically  weeps ;  that  pious  rain 

Distilled  by  art  is  but  the  sweat  of  the  brain. 

Whoever  sobbed  in  numbers.''     Can  a  groan 

Be  quavered  out  in  soft  division.'' 

'Tis  true  for  common  elegies 

Not  Bushel's  Wells  can  match  a  poet's  eyes 

In  wanton  water-works;  he'll  tune  his  tears 

10  From  a  Geneva  jig  up  to  the  spheres. 

But  then  he  mourns  at  distance,  weeps  aloof. 

Now  that  the  conduit  head  is  our  own  roof, 

Now  that  the  fate  is  public,  we  may  call 

4-  Distilled  with  art,  is  but  the  sweat  o'  th'  brain.     '53,  '59, 

'6i?,  '65. 
6  Be  quavered  out  by  soft  division?     '53,  '59,  '62,  ^65. 
11  But    when    he  mourns   at   distance,   weeps   aloof,   '53,   '59, 
'63.  '65. 

151 


It  Britain's  vespers,  England's  funeral. 
Who  hath  a  pencil  to  express  the  Saint 
But  he  hath  eyes  too  washing  off  the  paint? 
There  is  no  learning  but  what  tears  surround, 
Like  to  Seth's  pillars  in  the  Deluge  drowned. 
There  is  no  Church;  Religion  is  grown 

SO  So  much  of  late  that  she's  increased  to  none, 
Like  a  hydropic  bod}^  full  of  rheums, 
First  swells  into  a  bubble,  then  consumes. 
The  Law  is  dead  or  cast  into  a  trance, — 
And  by  a  law  dough-baked,  an  Ordinance! 
The  Liturgy,  whose  doom  was  voted  next. 
Died  as  a  comment  upon  him  the  text. 
There's  nothing  lives ;  life  is,  since  he  is  gone. 
But  a  nocturnal  lucubration. 
Thus  you  have  seen  death's  inventory  read 
30  In  the  sum  total,  Canterbury's  dead ; 
A  sight  would  make  a  Pagan  to  baptize 
Himself  a  convert  in  his  bleeding  eyes ; 
Would  thaw  the  rabble,  that  fierce  beast  of  ours, 
(That  which  hyena-like  weeps  and  devours,) 
Tears  that  flow  brackish  from  their  souls  within, 
Not  to  repent,  but  pickle  up  their  sin. 
]\Iean  time  no  squalid  grief  his  looks  defiles. 
He  gilds  his  sadder  fate  with  nobler  smiles. 
Thus  the  world's  eye,  with  reconciled  streams, 

40  Shines  in  his  showers  as  if  he  wept  his  beams. 
How  could  success  such  villanies  applaud.'' 


20  From  much  of  late  that  she's  increased  to  none;  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65. 
29  Thus  have  you  seen  death's  inventory  read;  '59,  '62,  '65. 
38  lie  gilds  his  sadder  fate  with  noble  smiles.   '53,  '59,  '62,  *65. 

152 


The  State  In  Strafford  fell,  the  Church  in  Laud ; 
The  twins  of  public  rage,  adjudged  to  die 
For  treasons  they  should  act  by  prophecy ; 
The  fact  were  done  before  the  laws  were  made ; 
The  trump  turned  up  after  the  game  was  played. 
Be  dull,  great  spirits,  and  forbear  to  climb. 
For  worth  is  sin  and  eminence  a  crime. 
No  churchman  can  be  innocent  and  high. 
50  'Tis  height  makes  Grantham  steeple  stand  awry. 


153 


Of  "THE  HUE  AND  CRY,"  Etc. 

The  effect  of  the  Scotch  intervention  was  soon  apparent.  In 
the  Battle  of  Marston  Moor,  July  2,  1644',  the  resistance  of  the 
Scotch  foot  reversed  the  condition,  and  turned  a  Royalist  vic- 
tory into  an  overwhelming  Royalist  defeat.  Rupert's  famous 
cavalry  was  scattered  "  like  the  dust "  before  Cromwell's  Iron- 
sides. In  the  meantime,  the  "  Mixed  Assembly  "  had  been  sit- 
ting and  by  November  21,  1644,  was  able  to  report  that  it  had 
accomplished  its  object.  On  that  date  it  sent  to  the  Parlia- 
ment "  The  New  Directory  of  Worship,"  and  on  January  4th 
of  the  next  year  it  was  adopted  by  the  House.  Adoniram  By- 
field,  one  of  the  clerks  of  the  Assembly,  was  ordered  to  put  it 
on  sale,  and  from  report  he  made  a  very  good  thing  out  of  it. 


THE  HUE  AND  CRY  AFTER 
SIR  JOHN  PRESBYTER 

With  hair  in  characters  and  lugs  in  text ; 
With  a  splay  mouth  and  a  nose  circumflexed ; 
With  a  set  ruff  of  musket-bore  that  wears 
Like  cartrages  or  linen  bandoleers 
Exhausted  of  their  sulphurous  contents 
In  pulpit  fire-works,  which  that  bomball  vents; 
The  Negative  and  Covenanting  Oath, 
Like  two  mustachoes  issuing  from  his  mouth; 
The  bush  upon  his  chin  like  a  carved  story, 
10  In  a  box-knot  cut  by  the  Directory: 

1  With  Hair  in  Character,  and  Lugs  in  Text,  '77,  '87,  '99. 
3  With  a  set  ruflfe  or  Musket-l)ore,  that  wears,  '62,  ^65. 
6  In  Pulpit  Fire-works,  which  the  Bombal  vents;  '77,  '87,  '99. 
154 


Madam's  confession  hanging  at  liis  ear, 
Wire-drawn  througli  all  the  questions,  how  and 
Each  circumstance  so  in  the  hearing  felt     [where ; 
That  when  his  cars  are  cropped  he'll  count  them 
The  weeping  cassock  scared  into  a  jump,      [gelt; 
A  sign  the  presbyter's  worn  to  a  stump, — 
The  presbyter,  though  charmed  against  mischance 
With  the  divine  right  of  an  Ordinance ! 
If  you  meet  any  that  do  thus  attire  'em, 

20  Stop  them,  they  are  the  tribe  of  Adoniram. 
What  zealous  phrenzy  did  the  Senate  seize, 
To  tear  the  Rochet  to  such  rags  as  these? 
Episcopacy  minced,  reforming  Tweed 
Hath  sent  us  runts  even  of  her  Church's  breed, 
Lay  interlining  clergy,  a  device 
That's  nickname  to  the  stuff  called  lops  and  lice. 
The  beast  at  wrong  end  branded. 
The  Devil's  footsteps  in  his  cloven  face ; 
A  face  of  several  parishes  and  sorts, 

30  Like  to  a  sergeant  shaved  at  Inns  of  Courts. 

What  mean  these  elders  else,  those  Kirk  dragoons, 
Made  up  of  ears  and  ruffs  like  ducatoons ; 
That  hierarchy  of  handicrafts  begun ; 
Those  New  Exchange  men  of  religion? 
Sure,    they're    the    antick    heads,    which    placed 
without 


11  Madams  Confession  hanging  at  his  ears,  '62. 

15  The  Weeping  Cassock  scor'd  into  a  Jump,  '87,  '99. 

23  That  tare  the  Rotchet  to  such  rags  as  these?    '77,  '87,  '99. 

30  Like  to  Serjeant  shav'd  at  Inns  of  Court.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

31  What    mean    the    Elders    else,   those    Kirk    Dragoons,    '77, 

'87,  '99. 

155 


TLc  church,  do  gape  and  disembogue  a  spout. 
Like   them   above   the    Commons'    House,   they've 
So  long  without ;  now  both  are  gotten  in.       [been 
Then  what  imperious  in  the  bishop  sounds, 

40  The  same  the  Scotch  executor  rebounds; 
This  stating  prelacy  the  classic  rout 
That  spake  it  often,  e'er  it  spake  it  out. 
(So  by  an  abbey's  skeleton  of  late 
I  heard  an  echo  supererogate 
Through  imperfection  and  the  voice  restore, 
(As  if  she  had  the  hiccough  o'er  and  o'er.) 
Since  they  our  mixed  diocesans  combine 
Thus  to  ride  double  in  their  discipline, 
That  Paul's  shall  to  the  Consistory  call 

50  A  Dean  and  Chapter  out  of  Weavers'  Hall, 
Each  at  the  ordinance  for  to  assist 
With  the  five  thumbs  of  his  groat-changing  fist. 
Down,  Dagon-synod,  with  thy  motley  ware, 
Whilst  we  are  champions  for  the  Common  Prayer, 
(That  love-like  embassy  that  wings  our  sense 
To  Heaven's  gate  in  shape  of  innocence.) 
Pray  for  the  mitred  authors,  and  defy 


37  Like  them  above  the  Commons  House  have  been  '53,  '59, 
'62,  '65,  R. 
Like   them   above   the   Commons    House   t'   have   been   '77, 
'87,  '99. 
40  The  same  the  Scots  Executor  rebounds:  '62. 
42  That  spake  it  often,  e're  it  speak  it  out;  '62. 

That  speak  it  often,  e'r  it  spake  it  out.     '77,  '87,  '99. 

52  With  five  thumbs  of  this  preat-changing  fist.     '53. 

53  Down  Dragon-Synod  with  thy  motley  ware,  '62. 

64  Whylst  we  do  swagger   for  the  Common-Prayer,  '53,   '59, 
'62,  '65,  R. 

]5G 


Those  demicastors  of  divinity ! 
For,  when  Sir  John  with  Jack-of-all-tradcs  joins, 
60  His  finger's  thicker  than  the  prelates'  loins. 


69  These  Demicastors  of  Divinity.    '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

59  For   where  *ir   John   with   Jack-of-aU   trades   joyns,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  R. 

157 


Of  "THE  GENERAL  ECLIPSE." 

From  the  long  continuance  of  the  war,  both  armies  had  be- 
come demoralized ;  it  was  the  Parliament  which  first  took  the 
remedy,  and  in  April,  1645,  the  "  New  Model "  army  was  called 
into  existence.  The  efficience  of  this  was  soon  shown  in  the 
Battle  of  Naseby,  June  14th.  Rupert  charged,  carrjing  all 
before  him;  but  in  his  eagerness  he  pursued  too  far,  and 
the  battle  was  lost.  It  was  decisive;  the  Royalists  fled  in  all 
directions.  The  Queen  fortunately  was  abroad;  the  Prince 
hastened  to  the  Scilly  Islands;  and  Charles  himself  wandered 
vaguely  to  re-collect  an  armv.  John  Lilburne,  who  had  been  a 
prominent  Puritan,  by  his  refusal  to  accept  the  Self-Denying 
Ordinance,  was  consequently  excluded  from  the  New  Model 
Army  and  in  opposition  to  the  House. 


THE   GENERAL   ECLIPSE 

Ladies  that  gild  the  glittering  noon 
And  by  reflection  mend  his  ray, 

Whose  beauty  makes  the  sprightly  sun 
To  dance  as  upon  Easter-day, 

What  are  you  now  the  Queen's  away? 

Courageous  Eagles,  who  have  whet 

Your  eyes  upon  majestic  light, 
And  thence  derived  such  martial  heat 

That  still  your  looks  maintain  the  fight, 
10  What  are  you  since  the  King's  goodnight? 

158 


Cavalier-buds,  whom  Nature  tccins 
As  a  reserve  for  England's  throne, 

Spirits  whose  double  edge  redeems 

The  last  Age  and  adorns  your  own, 
What  are  you  now  the  Prince  is  gone? 

As  an  obstructed  fountain's  head 

Cuts  the  entail  off  from  the  streams 
And  brooks  are  disinherited, 

Honour  and  Beauty  are  but  dreams 
20  Since  Charles  and  Mary  lost  their  beams ! 

Criminal  Valours,  who  commit 

Your  gallantry,  whose  paean  brings 

A  psalm  of  mercy  after  it, 

In  this  sad  solstice  of  the  King's 

Your  victory  hath  mewed  her  wings ! 

See,  how  your  soldier  wears  his  cage 

Of  iron  like  the  captive  Turk 
And  as  the  guerdon  of  his  rage ! 

See,  how  your  glimmering  Peers  do  lurk, 
30  Or  at  the  best,  work  journey-work! 

Thus  'tis  a  general  eclipse 

And  the  whole  world  is  a  la  mort ; 

Only  the  House  of  Commons  trips 
The  stage  in  a  triumphant  sort. 

Now  e'en  John  Lilburn  take  them  for  it ! 


159 


Of  "THE  KING'S  DISGUISE." 

For  ten  months  longer  the  King  maintained  the  struggle. 
His  sole  hope  was  to  cause  dissension  between  the  Parliament 
and  its  allies  the  Scots,  and  for  that  purpose  he  carried  on 
negotiations  with  both  sides.  The  Scotch  Army,  under  the 
command  of  Lesley,  was  besieging  Newark  in  April  of  1646. 
As  the  Parliamentary  forces  were  about  to  beleaguer  Oxford, 
on  the  27th,  he  left  it  in  disguise  to  surrender  himself  to  the 
Scots,  and  after  wandering  for  eight  days,  voluntarily  entered 
the  imprisonment  which  was  to  end  only  with  his  life. 

Manchester  we  have  found  before  as  Lord  Kimbolton;  he 
had  succeeded  to  the  title,  and  was  one  of  the  Parliament's 
generals.  If  the  statement  in  the  preface  to  the  1677  edition 
is  to  be  taken  literally,  this  poem  is  definitely  dated  as  May  2nd. 

THE    KING'S    DISGUISE. 

And  why  so  coffined  in  this  vile  disguise 

That  who  but  sees,  blasphemes  thee  with  his  eyes  .'* 

My  twins-of-light  within  their  penthouse  shrink 

And  hold  it  their  allegiance  to  wink. 

O,  for  a  state  distinction  to  arraign 

Charles  of  high  treason  'gainst  my  Sovereign ! 

What  an  usurper  to  his  prince  is  wont, 

Cloister  and  shave  him,  he  himself  hath  don'  H. 

His  muffled  feature  speaks  him  a  recluse — 

1  And  why  a  Tenant  to  this  vile  disguise,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

2  Wch  who  but  sees,  blasphems  thee  with  his  eyes?     '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  R. 
i  And   hold  it   their   Allegiance   now  to  wink.     '53,   '59,   '62, 
'65,  R. 

160 


10  His  ruins  prove  him  a  religious  house ! 

The  sun  hath  mewed  his  beams  from  off  his  lamp 
And  majesty  defaced  the  royal  stamp. 
Is  it  not  enough  thy  dignity's  in  thrall, 
But  thou'lt  transcribe  it  in  thy  shape  and  all, 
As  if  thy  blacks  were  of  too  faint  a  dye 
Without  the  tincture  of  tautology? 
Flay  an  Egyptian  for  his  cassock  skin 
Spun  of  his  counti-y's  darkness,  line  it  within 
With  Presbyterian  budge,  that  drowsy  trance, 

20  The  Synod's  sable  foggy  ignorance; 
Nor  bodily  nor  ghostly  negro  could 
Roughcast  thy  figure  in  a  sadder  mould. 
This  privy-chamber  of  thy  garb  would  be 
But  the  close  mourner  to  thy  Royalty. 
Then,  break  the  circle  of  thy  tailor's  spell, 
A  pearl  within  a  rugged  oyster  shell. 
Heaven,  which  the  minster  of  thy  person  owns, 
Will  fine  thee  for  dilapidations. 
Like  to  a  martyred  abbey's  coarser  doom, 

30  Devoutly  altered  to  a  pidgeon-room ; 

Or  like  a  college  by  the  changeling  rabble, 
Manchester's  Elves,  transformed  into  a  stable ; 

13  It's  not  enough  thy  Dignitie's  in  thrall,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

14  But   thou'lt  transmute  it  in  thy  shape  and   all?     '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  R. 
19  With  Presbyterian  badge,  that  drawzy  Trance  '77,  '87,  '99. 

23  This   Privy-Chamber  of  thy  shape  would  be  '53,   '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

24  But  the  Close-mourner  of  thy  Royalty:  '53,  '62. 

25  'Twill  break  the  Circle  of  thy  Jaylois  spell,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

26  Heaven,  which  the  Minister  of  thy  Person  owns,  '87,  '99. 
•29  Like  to  the  martyr'd  Abbeys  courser  doom,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 
31  Or  like  the  College  by  the  changeling  rabble,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

161 


Or  if  there  be  a  prophanation  higher ; 

Such  is  the  sacrilege  of  thine  attire 

By  which  thou  art  half  deposed.     Thou  lookest 

Whose  looks  are  under  sequestration ;     [like  one 

Whose  renegado  form  at  the  first  glance 

Shows  like  the  Self-denying  Ordinance ; 

Angel  of  light,  and  darkness  too,  (I  doubt) 

40  Inspired  within  and  3'et  possessed  without ; 
Majestic  twilight  in  the  state  of  grace, 
Yet  with  an  excommunicated  face. 
Charles  and  his  mask  are  of  a  different  mint ; 
A  psalm  of  mercy  in  a  miscreant  print. 
The  sun  wears  midnight,  day  is  beetle-browed, 
And  lightning  is  in  kelder  of  a  cloud. 
O  the  accursed  stenography  of  state ! 
The  princely  eagle  shrunk  into  a  bat ! 
What  charm,  what  magic  vapor  can  it  be 

50  That  checks  his  rays  to  this  apostasy.'' 
It  is  no  subtile  film  of  tiffany  air, 
No  cobweb  vizard  such  as  ladies  wear 
^Vhen  they  are  veiled  on  purpose  to  be  seen, 
Doubling  their  lustre  by  their  vanquished  screen. 
No,  the  false  scabbard  of  a  prince  is  tough 
And  three-piled  darkness,  like  the  smoky  slough 
Of  an  imprisoned  flame ;  'tis  Fawkes  in  grain ; 
Dark  lantern  to  our  bright  meridian. 

47  Oh  the  accurst  stenography  of  fate!  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

55  Nor  the   false  scabbard   of  a  Princes   tough   '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

56  Mettal,  and  three  pil'd  darknesse,  like  the  slough  '53,  '59, 

'62,  '65,  R. 

57  Of  an   imprison'd  flame;   'tis   Faux  in  grain,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  '77,  '87,  '99,  R. 

58  Dark  lanthorn  to  our  high  Meridian,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

162 


Hell  belched  the  damp ;  the  Warwick  Castle  vote 
60  Rang  Britain's  curfew,  so  our  light  went  out. 
A  black  offender,  should  he  wear  his  sin 
For  penance,  could  not  have  a  darker  skin. 
His  visage  is  not  legible;  the  letters 
Like  a  lord's  name  writ  in  fantastic  fetters ; 
Clothes  where  a  Switzer  might  be  buried  quick; 
Sure  tliey  would  fit  the  body  politic; 
False  beard  enough  to  thatch  a  poet's  plot, 
(For  that's  the  ambush  of  their  wit,  God  wot;) 
Nay,  all  his  properties  so  strange  appear, 
70  You  are  not  in  the  presence  though  the  King  be 
there. 
A  libel  is  his  dress,  a  garb  uncouth, 
Such  as  the  hue  and  cry  once  purged  at  mouth. 
Scribbling  assassinate!     Thy  lines  attest 
An  earmark  due.  Cub  of  the  Blatant  Beast ; 
Whose  breath,  before  'tis  syllabled  for  worse, 
Is  blasphemy  unfledged,  a  callow  curse. 
The  Laplanders,  when  they  would  sell  a  wind 
Wafting  to  hell,  bag  up  thy  phrase  and  bind 
It  to  the  bark,  which  at  the  voyage  end 
80  Shifts  poop  and  breeds  the  colic  in  the  Fiend. 
But  I'll  not  dub  thee  with  a  glorious  scar 
Nor  sink  thy  sculler  with  a  man-of-war. 
The  black-mouthed   Siquis  and  this   slandering 
Both  do  alike  in  picture  execute.  [suit 

61-62  Omitted  in  '53,  '59,  '63,  *65,  R. 

63  Thy  visage  is  not  legible,  the  letters,  '53,  '59,  '63,  '65,  R. 

67  False  beard  enough  to  fit  a  stages  plot,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

69  Nay  all  his   Properties  so  plain  appear,  '87,  '99. 

75  Whose  wrath  before  'tis  syllabled  for  worse,  '53,  '59,  '62, 

'65,  R. 

163 


But  since  we  are  all  called  Papists,  why  not  date 
Devotion  to  the  rags  thus  consecrate? 
As  temples  use  to  have  their  porches  wrought 
•With  sphinxes,  creatures  on  an  antique  draught, 
And  puzzling  portraitures  to  show  that  there 
90  Riddles  inhabited ;  the  like  is  here. 

But  pardon,  Sir,  since  I  presume  to  be 
Clerk  of  this  closet  to  your  Majesty. 
]\Iethinks  in  this  your  dark  mysterious  dress 
I  see  the  Gospel  couched  in  parables. 
At  my  next  view  my  purblind  fancy  ripes 
And  shows  Religion  in  its  dusky  types; 
Such  a  text  royal,  so  obscure  a  shade 
Was  Solomon  in  Proverbs  all  arrayed. 
Come,  all  the  brats  of  this  expounding  age 

100  To  whom  the  spirit  is  in  pupilage, 

You  that  damn  more  than  ever  Samson  slew, — 
And  with  his  engine  the  same  jaw-bone  too! — 
How  is  it  he  scapes  your  inquisition  free 
Since  bound  vip  in  the  Bible's  livery? 
Hence,  Cabinet-intruders !     Pick-locks,  hence ! 
You,  that  dim  jewels  with  your  Bristol  sense 
And  characters,  like  witches,  so  torment 
Till  they  confess  a  guilt  though  innocent! 
Keys  for  this  coffer  you  can  never  get ; 

110  None  but  St.  Peter's  opes  this  cabinet. 
This  cabinet,  whose  aspect  would  benight 
Critic. spectators  with  redundant  light. 


BO  And  purling  Portraitures,  to  shew  that  there  '77,  '87,  '99. 
0,5  The  second   view  my  pnrblind   phancy  wipes,  '77.   '87,  '99. 
irio   Keys  for  tills  Cipher  you  can  never  fret, '77,  '87,  '99. 
no  None  bit  St.  Peter  opc's  this  Cabinet,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 


A  Prince  most  seen  Is  least.     What  Scriptures 
The  Revelation,  is  most  mystical.  [call 

Mount  then,  thou  Shadow  Royal,  and  with  haste 
Advance  thy  morning-star,  Charles,  overcast. 
May  thy  strange  journey  contradictions  twist 
And  force  fair  weather  from  a  Scottish  mist. 
Heaven's   confessors   are   posed,  those   star-eyed 
sages, 
120  To  interrupt  an  eclipse  thus  riding  stages. 
Thus  Israel-like  he  travels  with  a  cloud, 
Both  as  a  conduct  to  him  and  a  shroud. 
But  O,  he  goes  to  Gibeon  and  renews 
A  league  with  mouldy  bread  and  clouted  shoes ! 


116  Advance  thy  Morning-Star,  Charles's  overcast.    '53. 
120  To  interpret  Eclipse,  thus  riding  stages.   '53,  '59,  '62,  '65,  R. 

165 


PART       THREE 

POEMS  ATTRIBUTED 
TO  CLEVELAND  BY 
MODERN  SCHOLARS,  NOT 
IN   THE    EDITION    OF   1G77 


ADDITIONAL     POEMS 

The  poems  in  Part  III  are  taken  from  those  which 
have  been  credited  to  Cleveland  but  which  were  not  in- 
cluded in  the  authoritative  edition  of  1677.  This 
edition  was  produced  as  a  memorial  by  his  two  former 
pupils,  and  it  claims  to  be  free  from  the  "false  and 
spurious"  poems  which  have  "profaned"  his  reputa- 
tion. (For  this  preface,  cf.  App.  D.)  We  may  then 
assume  that  all  poems  included  in  this  edition  are  gen- 
uine But  apparently  all  his  genuine  poems  were  not 
included  in  this  edition.  In  1638  a  memorial  of  Ben 
Jonson,  entitled  "Jonsonus  Virbius,"  was  published, 
in  which  were  pieces  signed  by  the  prominent  writers 
of  the  time.  One  bears  the  name  of  Cleveland.  At 
that  time  he  was  unknown  to  the  reading  public,  and 
there  was  no  reason  for  a  forgery  to  appear  over  his 
name ;  moreover,  to  be  admitted  to  such  a  publication 
was  in  itself  a  great  compliment;  there  can  be  no 
question  as  to  the  authenticity  of  this  poem.  It  is, 
however,  not  in  the  1677  edition,  and  the  question 
arises.  How  many  more  genuine  poems  are  also  ex- 
cluded.? The  subject  is  complicated  by  the  facts  (a) 
no  edition  was  authorized  by  him,  and  (b)  that,  as 
he  was  the  most  popular  writer  of  the  day,  many 
poems  were  fathered  upon  him  by  tricky  publishers, 
sometimes  under  the  heading  "Uncertain  Authors," 
and  sometimes  merely  as  "Additions."     The  bulk  of 

169 


ADDITIONAL     POEMS 

this  apocryphal  matter  is  treble  that  of  his  undoubted 
work.  In  1659  E.  Williamson,  who  claimed  to  have 
been  intimate  with  Cleveland  in  Newark,  brought  out 
an  almost  entirely  new  compilation,  "the  remainder  of 
Mr.  Cleveland's  last  never-before-printed  pieces," 
under  the  title  of  "Cleveland  Revived."  His  preface 
(cf.  App.  D.)  tells  us  "indeed  most  of  his  former 
printed  poems  were  truly  his  own,  except  such  as  have 
been  lately  added  to  make  up  the  volume ;  at  the  first 
some  few  of  his  verses  were  printed  with  the  'Charac- 
ter of  a  London  Diurnal,'  a  stitched  pamphlet  in 
quarto:  afterwards,  as  I  have  heard  Mr.  Cleveland 
say,  the  copies  of  verses  that  he  communicated  to  his 
friends,  the  book-seller  by  chance  meeting  with  them, 
being  added  to  his  book,  they  sold  him  another  impres- 
sion; in  like  manner  such  small  additions  (though  but 
a  paper  or  two  of  his  incomparable  verses  or  prose) 
posted  off  other  editions  ..."  There  was,  then, 
in  1659,  some  doubt  as  to  which  were  Cleveland's  gen- 
uine poems.  But  Williamson,  to  make  matters  worse, 
added  "some  other  poems  .  .  .  such  as  the  reader 
shall  find  to  be  of  such  persons  as  were  for  the  m.ost 
part  I\Ir.  Cleveland's  contemporaries.  ...  I  hope 
the  world  cannot  be  so  far  mistaken  in  his  Genuine 
Muse,  as  not  to  discern  his  pieces  from  any  of  the 
other  poems."  The  condition  as  given  in  this  preface 
is,  then,  (1)  that  certain  poems  only  doubtfully  iden- 
tified were  mingled  with  others  definitely  known  to  be 
of  other  authorship  and  the  whole  published  under  his 
name;  and   (2)   that  the  "King's   Return"  and  the 

170 


ADDITIONAL     POEMS 

"Rebel  Scot"  are  the  only  ones  of  this  edition  included 
in  that  of  1667. 

But  this  was  not  due  to  the  ignorance  of  the  later 
editors  who  thus  scornfully  attack  the  "Cleaveland 
Revived"  in  their  preface:  "We  know  that  you  have 
not  without  passionate  resentments  beheld  the  prosti- 
tution of  his  name  in  some  late  editions  vended  under 
it,  wherein  his  orations  are  murdered  over  and  over  in 
barbarous  latin,  and  a  more  barbarous  translation,  and 
wherein  is  scarce  one  or  other  poem  of  his  own  to  com- 
mute for  all  the  rest  .  .  .  Cleveland  thus  'revived,' 
dieth  another  death."  Then,  in  1687,  a  volume  was 
issued  including  not  only  the  1677,  but  also  all  poems, 
with  but  four  exceptions,  that  had  ever  appeared 
under  his  name;  Williamson's  significant  preface, 
however,  and  the  equivalent  insertion  on  the  title- 
page  were,  however,  omitted.  This  edition,  Lowndes' 
"best"  edition,  has  been  fruitful  of  error,  as  thus 
there  is  no  intimation  that  these  poems  are  not  genu- 
ine, and  many  inferences  have  been  based  upon  pieces 
which  he  certainly  did  not  write.  Fifty-six  have  been 
traced  to  their  proper  authors ;  forty  remain  uniden- 
tified. Of  these  forty,  as  they  were  not  included  in 
the  1677  edition,  the  presumption  is  against  their  au- 
thenticity. Every  piece  must  be  proved.  In  the  case 
of  those  of  the  "Cleaveland  Revived"  the  proof  must 
be  sufficiently  strong  to  over-ride  the  expressed  dissent 
of  the  1677  editors  who,  much  more  tlian  we,  were  in  a 
position  to  know.  The  poems  in  Part  III  are  those 
either  given  to  Cleveland  by  critics,  or  they  have  been 

171 


ADDITIONAL     POEMS 

selected  on  the  grounds  of  external  or  internal  evi- 
dence. The  three  poems,  "On  Christ-Church  Win- 
dows," "The  Schismatick,"  and  "Zealous  Discourse 
betweeo  the  Parson  of  the  Parish  and  Tebitha,"  which 
are  assigned  to  Cleveland  by  "Mr.  B."  in  the  notes  to 
Grey's  edition  of  "Hudibras,"  1744,  are  here  omitted. 
It  is  noticeable  that  Grey  himself  always  refers  to  the 
1677  edition;  Mr.  B.,  on  the  contrary,  apparently 
used  the  1687  edition  without  any  questioning.  Two 
of  the  poems  are  very  coarse,  and  the  third  was  appar- 
ently written  by  an  Oxford  man. 

Internal  criticism  is  always  uncertain ;  the  chief 
factor  in  the  case,  that  undefined  thing  we  call  person- 
ality, cannot  be  put  down  in  black  and  white.  The 
following  are  the  most  pronounced  characteristics  of 
his  verse : 

1 .  Very  careless  in  rhymes :  face — glass,  dressed — 
cast,  wrong — tongue,  together — either,  vote — out, 
choice — paradise,  bones — nonce,  etc. ;  throws  accent 
on  final  syllable  for  the  sake  of  rhyme :  say — algebra, 
bear — minister,  are — character,  she — heraldry,  cry — 
mortality ;  the  use  of  double  rhymes :  honour — on  her, 
I)raise  't — taste,  short — for  't,  wooer — to  her,  figures 
— diggers,  know  it — poet,  phrase — Indias ;  the  rare 
use  of  the  feminine  ending. 

2.  Normal  form  the  tightened  heroic  couplet; 
overflow  rare ;  the  conceit  is  usually  complete  in  the 
couplet,  the  first  line  broken  into  two  phrases,  the  sec- 
ond rounding  out  the  thought: 

173 


ADDITIONAL     POEMS 

"  Scots  are  like  witches,  do  but  whet  your  pen, 

Scratch  till  the  blood  come,  they'll  not  hurt  you  then." 

3.  No  introduction ;  the  first  line  repeats  a  phrase 
from  the  title,  and  then  follows  a  series  of  descriptive 
phrases  without  a  verb — 

"  Flea-bitten  synod,  an  assembly  brewed 
Of  clerks  and  elders  ana,  like  the  rude 
Chaos  of  Presbytery,  where  laymen  guide 
With  the  tame  woolpack  clergy  by  their  side." 

— Mixed  Assembly. 

4.  Rare  use  of  inversions. 

5.  Rhetorical  questions. 

6.  Always  elides  the  "e"  in  the  past  weak  par- 
ticiple in  "ed"— 

"So  soft,  'tis  air  but  once  remov'd; 
Tender  as  'twere  a  jelly  glov'd." 

"The  trump  turn'd  up  after  the  game  was  play'd." 

7.  The  series  of  unrelated  conceits. 


173 


MR.  CLEVELAND'S  REPLY  FROM  BELVOIR 
TO  THE  THREE  NEWARK  POETS. 

(Never   before   pulilished;    Egerton    MS.   2725,    British   Mu- 
•eum;  probably  genuine,  as  it  is  in  his  manner.) 

All  hail  to  the  poetic  gleek, 

Bob,  and  Bob,  and  Stephen  eke; 

The  puny-demi-rhyming  terse, 

The  dwarfes,  the  elves,  Tom  Thumbs  in  verse, 

The  very  Jeffries  of  the  limes, 

Both  for  reason  and  for  rhymes. 

Who  write  but  butter-milk  and  whey 

And  yet  for  sack  and  claret  pray. 

You  that  are  poets  of  the  dale 

Must  take  the  finger  first  in  ale. 

And  leave  the  sack  and  claret  beers 

To  us,  the  Belvoir  mountaineers. 

We  are  high  comers,  birds  of  fame. 

You  are  but  tonies  of  the  game. 

I  will  no  more  invention  brew. 

But  cut  the  rope  and  bid  adieu. 

For  we  lose  time  to  play  at  wasters 

With  three  such  grievous  poetasters. 


174 


AN  ELEGY  ON  BEN  JONSON 

(This  has  appeared  in  the  "Jonsonus  Virbius,"  where  it  is 
signed;  consequently  there  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  its  authen- 
ticity.) 

Who  first  reformed  our  stage  with  justcst  laws, 
And  was  the  first  best  judge  in  his  own  cause; 
Who,  when  his  actors  trembled  for  applause. 

Could  (with  a  noble  confidence)  prefer 
His  oWn,  by  right,  to  a  whole  theatre ; 
From  principles  which  he  knew  could  not  err : 

Who  to  his  fable  did  his  persons  fit, 
With  all  the  properties  of  art  and  wit. 
And  above  all  that  could  be  acted,  writ: 

10  Who  public  follies  did  to  covert  drive, 
Which  he  again  could  cunningly  retrive, 
Leaving  them  no  ground  to  rest  on  and  thrive : 

Here  JONSON  lies,  whom,  had  I  named  before, 
In  that  one  word  alone  I  had  paid  more 
Than  can  be  now,  when  plenty  makes  mc  poor. 

John  Cleveland. 

2  And  was  the  first  best  judge  in  your  own  cause:  "Jons. 

Virbius." 
5  His  own,  by  Right,  to  a  noble  Theater;  '60,  '68,  '87,^  '99. 
7  Who  to  his  Fable  did  his  Person  fit,  '60,  '68,  '87,  '99. 
175 


TO  THE  MEMORY  OF  BEN  JONSON 

("  Jonsonus  Virbius,"  unsigned,  and  the  only  anonymous 
piece  in  the  collection.  Gifford,  in  his  reprint,  misled  by  its 
appearance  in  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived,"  supplied  the  initials 
"J.  C."  However,  as  no  other  author  contributed  more  than 
one  piece,  and  as  Cleveland  signed  his  own  in  full,  it  is  prob- 
ably by  some  other  author.  Moreover,  although  Cleveland  is 
occasionally  careless  in  the  matter  of  pure  rhymes,  there  is 
never  such  a  large  proportion  of  mere  assonance  in  his  genuine 
work.     This  piece  is  surely  not  by  Cleveland.) 

The  Muses'  fairest  light  in  no  dark  time ; 
The  wonder  of  a  learned  age ;  the  line 
Which  none  can  pass;  the  most  proportioned  wit, 
To  nature,  the  best  judge  of  what  was  fit ; 
The  deepest,  plainest,  highest,  clearest  pen ; 
The  voice  most  echoed  by  consenting  men: 
The  soul  which  answered  best  to  all  well  said 
By  others,  and  which  most  requital  made ; 
Tuned  to  the  highest  key  of  ancient  Rome, 
10  Returning  all  her  music  with  his  own, 

In  whom  with  nature  study  claimed  a  part, 
And  yet  who  to  himself  owed  all  his  art: 
Here  lies  Ben  Jonson !     Every  age  will  look 
With  sorrow  here,  with  wonder  on  his  book. 


12  Yet  who  unto  himself  ow'd  all  this  Art:    '60,  '68,  '87,  '99. 

176 


ODE  TO  BEN  JONSON,  UPON  HIS  ODE  TO 
HIMSELF 

("Q.  Horatius  Flaccus,  His  Art  of  Poetry,  Englished  by 
Ben  Jonson;  London,  1640."  This  poem  has  never  appeared  in 
any  of  Cleveland's  editions.  With  the  exception  of  the  folio 
of  1692,  I  have  examined  all  the  editions  of  the  collected  works 
of  Jonson,  and  it  does  not  appear  in  them  until  GifFord's  edi- 
tion of  1816.  There  it  is  signed  in  full,  John  Cleveland.  In 
the  back  of  the  copy  of  the  "  Art  of  Poetry "  in  the  Yale 
Library,  there  is  a  manuscript  note  saying  that  the  book  had 
formerly  belonged  to  GifFord;  so  probably  it  was  from  tiiat 
particular  copy  that  GiflFord  took  the  poem.  However,  there 
the  signature  is  simply  the  initials  "  I.  C."  Apparently  he  had 
no  other  authority  for  attributing  the  poem  to  Cleveland.  Mr. 
Ebsworth,  in  the  "  Dictionary  of  National  Biography,"  assumes 
this  authorship  and  gives  Cleveland  the  adjective  "honest"  in 
consequence.  However,  there  is  no  external  authority;  inter- 
nally it  shows  a  greater  knowledge  of  Greek  than  his  other 
poems,  and  it  is  not  characteristic  of  his  versification.  The 
footnotes  appended  are  the  author's  own, — another  feature  un- 
like Cleveland.) 

Proceed  in  thy  brave  rage 
Which  hath  raised  up  our  stage 
Unto  that  height  as  Rome,  in  all  her  state, 

Or  Greece  might  emulate; 
Whose  greatest  senators  did  silent  sit. 
Hear  and  applaud  the  wit, 
Which  those  tem-peratc  times 
Used  when  it  taxed  their  crimes; 
Socrates  stood  and  heard  with  true  delight 
10  All  that  the  sharp  Athenian  Muse  could  write 

177 


Against  his  supposed  fault; 
And  did  digest  the  salt 
That  from  that  full  vein  did  so  freely  flow : 

And,  though  that  we  do  know 
The  Graces  jointly  strove  to  make  that  breast 
A  temple  for  their  rest, 
Wc  must  not  make  thee  less 
Than  Aristophanes. 
He  got  the  start  of  thee  in  time  and  place, 
20  But  thou  hast  gained  the  goal  in  art  and  grace. 

But  if  thou  make  thy  feasts 
For  the  high-relished  guests 
And  that  a  cloud  of  shadows  shall  break  in, 

It  were  almost  a  sin 
To  think  that  thou  shouldst  equally  delight 
Each  several  appetite; 
Though  Art  and  Nature  strive 
Thy  banquets  to  contrive. 
Thou  art  our*  whole  Menander,  and  dostf  look 
30  Like  the  old  Greek ;  think  then  but  on  his$  cook. 
*  Caesar  called  lerence,  Menander  halfed,  because  he  wanted 
so  much  of  his  grace  and  sharpness.     Ben  Jonson  may  well  be 
called  our  Menander  whole,  as  more  exceeding  him  as  much  in 
sharpness  and  grace,  as  Terence  wanted  of  him. 

f  Ben  Jonson  is  said  to  be  very  like  the  picture  we  have  of 
Menander,  taken  from  an  ancient  medal. 

X  Menander,  in  a  fragment  of  one  of  his  comedies,  makes  his 
Cook  speak  after  this  manner  of  the  diversities  of  tastes,  viz.: 
What  is  his  usual  fare: 
What  country  man  is  he? 
These  things  'tis  meet  the  Cook  should  scan: 
For  such  nice  guests  as  in  the  Isles  are  bred, 
With  various  sorts  of  fresh  fish  nourished, 
In  salt  meat  take  little  or  no  delight. 
But  taste  them  with  fastidious  appetite. 
178 


If  thou  thy  full  cups  bring 
Out  of  the  Muses'  spring 
And  there  are  some  foul  mouths  had  rather  drink 

Out  of  the  common  sink, 
There  let  them  seek  to  quench  th'  hydropic  thirst 
Till  the  swoln  humour  burst. 
Let  him,  who  daily  steals 
From  thy  most  precious  meals. 
Since  thy  strange  plenty  finds  no  loss  by  it, 
40  Feed  himself  with  the  fragments  of  the  wit. 

And  let  those  silken  men, 
That  know  not  how  or  when 
To  spend  their  money  or  their  time,  maintain 

With  their  consumed  no-brain 
Their  barbarous  feeding  on  such  gross  base  stuff 
As  only  serves  to  puff 
Up  the  weak,  empty  mind. 
Like  bubbles  full  of  wind. 
And  strive  t'  engage  the  scene  with  their  damned 
oaths, 
50  As  they  do  with  the  privilege  of  their  clothes. 

Whilst  thou  takest  that  high  spirit, 
Well  purchased  by  thy  merit: 
Great  Prince  of  Poets,  though  thy  head  be  gray, 

Crown  it  with  Delphic  bay. 
And  from  the  chief  (pin)  in  Apollo's  choir 
Take  down  thy  best  tuned  lyre, 
Whose  sound  shall  pierce  so  far 
It  shall  strike  out  the  star 

55  (pin)   Gifford's  emend<ation. 
179 


Wliicli  fabulous  Greece  durst  fix  in  heaven,  \vhilst 
thine 
60  With  all  due  glory  here  on  earth  shall  shine. 

Sing,  English  Horace,  sing 
The  wonder  of  thy  King ; 
Whilst  his  triumphant  chariot  runs  his  whole 

Bright  course  about  each  pole. 
Sing  down  the  Roman  harper ;  he  shall  rain 
His  bounties  on  thy  vein, 
And  with  his  golden  rays 
So  gild  thy  glorious  bays, 
That  Fame  shall  bear  on  her  unwearied  wing 
70  What  the  best  Poet  sung  of  the  best  King. 

I.  C. 


180 


THE  SCOTS'  APOSTASY 

(This  appears  in  two  of  the  editions  of  1647  under  the  head- 
ing, "  Uncertain  Authors  " ;  it  is  in  all  subsequent  editions  ex- 
cept those  of  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived "  and  the  edition  of 
1677;  it  is  credited  to  Cleveland  by  Lloyd  in  1668  with  other  of 
his  genuine  pieces.  Internally  it  shows  his  manner,  or  a  very- 
clever  imitation  of  his  manner.) 

Is  it  come  to  this .?  What  shall  the  cheeks  of  Fame, 
Stretched  with  the  breath  of  learned  Loudoun's 

name, 
Be  flagged  again .''    And  that  great  piece  of  sense. 
As  rich  in  loyalty  as  eloquence, 
Brought  to  the  test,  be  found  a  trick  of  state? 
Like  chemists'  tinctures,  proved  adulterate.'' 
The  Devil  sure  such  language  did  achieve 
To  cheat  our  unforewarned  Grandam  Eve, 
As  this  impostor  found  out  to  besot 
10  The  experienced  English  to  believe  a  Scot! 
Who  reconciled  the  Covenant's  doubtful  sense. 
The  Commons'  argument,  or  the  City's  pence.'' 
Or  did  you  doubt  persistence  in  one  good 
Would  spoil  the  fabric  of  your  brotherhood, 
Projected  first  in  such  a  forge  of  sin. 
Was  fit  for  the  grand  Devil's  hammering? 
Or  was  it  ambition  that  this  damned  fact 

2  Stretcht  with  the  breath  of  learned  Londons  name,  Rump 

Songs. 
4  As  rich  in  Loyalty  and  Eloquence,  '53,  '59,  '62,  '87,  '99. 
181 


Should  tell  the  world  you  know  the  sins  you  act? 
The  infamy  this  super-treason  brings 

20  Blasts  more  than  murders  of  your  sixty  kings ; 
A  crime  so  black,  as  being  advisedly  done, 
Those  hold  with  this  no  competition. 
Kings  only  suffered  then ;  in  this  doth  lie 
The  assassination  of  the  Monarchy. 
Beyond  this  sin  no  one  step  can  be  trod. 
If  not  to  attempt  deposing  of  your  God. 
Oh,  were  you  so  engaged  that  we  might  see 
Heaven's  angry  lightning  about  your  ears  to  flee 
Till  you  were  shrivelled  to  dust,  and  your  cold 
Land 

30  Parched  to  a  drought  beyond  the  Lybian  sand ! 
But  'tis  reserved!    Till  Heaven  plague  you  worse, 
Be  objects  of  an  epidemic  curse. 
First,  may  your  brethren,  to  whose  viler  ends 
Your  power  hath  bawded,  cease  to  be  your  friends 
And,  prompted  by  the  dictates  of  their  reason. 
Reproach  the  traitor  though  they  hug  the  treason : 
And  may  their  jealousies  increase  and  breed 
Till  they  confine  your  steps  beyond  the  Tweed: 
In  foreign  nations  may  your  loathed  name  be 

40  A  stigmatizing  brand  of  infamy, 

Till  forced  by  general  hate  you  cease  to  roam 
The  world,  and  for  a  plague  to  live  at  home; 
Till  you  resume  your  poverty  and  be 
Reduced  to  beg  where  none  can  be  so  free 
To  grant :  and  may  your  scabby  Land  be  all 
Translated  to  a  general  hospital : 
Let  not  the  sun  afford  one  gentle  ray 

22  Those  hold  willi  these  no  competition.     '59,  '62,  '65,  '87,  '99. 

182 


To  give  you  comfort  of  a  summer's  day ; 
But,  as  a  guerdon  for  your  traitorous  war, 

50  Live  cherished  only  by  the  Northern  Star: 
No  stranger  deign  to  visit  your  rude  coast, 
And  be  to  banished  men  as  lost: 
And  such,  in  heightening  of  the  infliction  due, 
Let  provoked  princes  send  them  all  to  you : 
Your  State  a  chaos  be  wiiere  not  the  Law, 
But  power,  your  lives  and  liberties  may  awe: 
No  subject  'mongst  you  keep  a  quiet  breast. 
But  each  man  strive  through  blood  to  be  the  best ; 
Till,  for  those  miseries  on  us  you've  brought, 

60  By  your  own  sword  our  just  revenge  be  wrought. 
To  sum  up  all — let  your  religion  be. 
As  your  allegiance,  masked  hypocrisy. 
Until,  when  Charles  shall  be  composed  in  dust. 
Perfumed  with  epithets  of  good  and  just, 
HE  saved,  incensed  Heaven  may  have  forgot 
To  afford  one  act  of  mercy  to  a  Scot, 
Unless  that  Scot  deny  himself  and  do, 
(What's  easier  far)  renounce  his  Nation  too. 


183 


AN    EPITAPH    ON    THE    EARL    OF 
STRAFFORD 

(In  all  five  of  the  1647  editions,  in  two  of  which  under  the 
heading  "Uncertain  Authors";  in  all  subsequent  editions  ex- 
cept the  "  Cleaveland  Revived";  attributed  by  Nichols.  Inter^ 
nally  unlike  his  manner.) 

Here  lies  wise  and  valiant  dust 
Huddled  up  'twixt  good  and  just; 
Strafford,  who  was  hurried  hence 
'Twixt  treason  and  convenience. 
He  spent  his  time  here  in  a  mist ; 
A  Papist,  yet  a  Calvinist; 
His  Prince's  nearest  joy  and  grief, 
He  had,  yet  wanted,  all  relief; 
The  prop  and  ruin  of  the  State; 
10  The  People's  violent  love  and  hate ; 

One  in  extremes  loved  and  abhorred. 
Riddles  lie  here,  and  in  a  word, 
Here  lies  blood;  and  let  it  lie 
Speechless  still  and  never  cry. 


12  Riddles  lie  here,  or  in  a  word,  '53. 

184. 


THE  DEFINITION  OF  A  PROTECTOR 

(Appears  only  in  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived":  internally; 
Cleveland  always  elides  the  "  ed  "  when  possible, — "  stamped  " 
and   "quartered"  are  not  in  his  use, — probably   not   genuine.) 

What's  a  Protector?     He's  a  stately  thing 
That  apes  it  in  the  nonage  of  a  King; 
A  tragic  actor ;  Caesar  in  a  clown ; 
He's  a  brass  farthing  stamped  ^vith  a  crown ; 
A  bladder  blowm,  with  others'  breaths  puffed  full; 
Not  the  Perillus  but  Perillus'  bull ; 
iEsop's  proud  ass  veiled  in  the  lion's  skin ; 
An  outward  saint  lined  with  a  devil  within; 
An  echo  whence  the  royal  sound  doth  come, 
10  But  just  as  a  barrel-head  sounds  like  a  drum; 
Fantastic  image  of  the  royal  head ; 
The  brewers  with  the  King's  arms  quartered. 
He  is  a  counterfeited  piece  that  shows 
Charles  his  effigies  with  a  copper  nose. 
In  fine,  he's  one  we  must  Protector  call, 
From  whom  the  King  of  Kings  protect  us  all ! 

PROTECT0R|  ^c.R. 

anagram  ) 


5  A  Bladder  blown,  with  other  Breaths  puft  full,  '87,  '99. 
185 


ON   BLACK   EYES 

(Appears  only  in  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived";  attributed  by 
Nichols;  very  unlike  his  manner;  Cleveland  never  rhymes  "un" 
with  "  om.") 

In  faith,  'tis  true  I  am  in  love. 

'Tis  your  black  eyes  have  made  me  so. 
My  resolutions  they  remove 

And  former  niceness  overthrow. 

Those  glowing  charcoals  set  on  fire 
A  heart  that  former  flames  did  shun, 

Who,  as  heretic  unto  desire, 

Now's  judged  to  suffer  martyrdom. 

But  Beauty,  since  it  is  thy  fate 
10       At  distance  thus  to  wound  so  sure, 
Thy  virtues  I  will  imitate 

And  see  if  distance  prove  a  cure. 

Then  farewell.  Mistress!     Farewell,  Love! 

Those  lately  entertained  desires. 
Wise  men  can  from  that  plague  remove. 

Farewell,  Black  Eyes !  and  farewell,  Fires. 

If  ever  I  my  heart  acquit 

Of  those  dull  flames,  I'll  bid  a  pox 

On  all  black  eyes  and  swear  they're  fit 

20        For  nothing  but  a  tinder-box ! 

186 


NEWS   FROM   NEWCASTLE 

OR   NEWCASTLE   COAL-PITS 

(Appears  only  in  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived";  attributed  by 
Nichols;  it  is  certainly  characteristic  of  his  manner  in  every 
particular.     It  is  quoted  by  Joiinson  in  his  "Life  of  Cowley.") 

England's  a  perfect  world,  hath  Indies  too ; 

Correct  jour  maps,  Newcastle  is  Peru ! 

Let  the  haughty  Spaniard  triumph  till  'tis  told 

Our  sooty  minerals  refine  his  gold. 

This  will  sublime  and  hatch  the  abortive  oar 

When  the  sun  tires  and  stars  can  do  no  more. 

No  mines  are  current,  unrefined  and  gross; 

Coals  make  the  sterling,  Nature  but  the  dross. 

For  metals  Bacchus-like  two  births  approve. 
10  Heaven  heats  the  Semele  and  ours  the  Jove, 

Thus  Art  doth  polish  Nature;  'tis  the  trade. 

So   every   madame   hath  her  chambermaid. 

Who'd  dote  on  gold.?  A  thing  so  strange  and  odd 

'TIs  most  contemptible  when  made  a  god! 

All  sin  and  mischief  hence  have  rise  and  swell ; 

One  India  more  would  make  another  Hell. 

Our  mines  are  innocent,  nor  will  the  North 

Tempt  poor  mortality  with  too  much  worth. 

They're  not  so  precious ;  rich  enough  to  fire 
20  A  lover,  yet  make  none  idolater. 

The  moderate  value  of  our  guiltless  ore 

Makes  no  man  atheist,  nor  no  woman  whore. 
187 


Yet  why  should  hallowed  Vestals'  sacred  shrine 
Deserve  more  honour  than  a  flaming  mine? 
These  pregnant  wombs  of  heat  would  fitter  be, 
Than  a  few  embers,  for  a  deity. 
Had  he  our  pits,  the  Persian  would  admire 
No  sun,  but  warm  his  devotion  at  our  fire. 
He'd  leave  the  trotting  whipster  and  prefer 

30  Our  profound  Vulcan  'bove  that  Waggoner. 
For  wants  he  heat,  or  light,  or  would  have  store 
Of  both.''     'Tis  here.     And  "w^hat  can  suns  give 

more  ? 
Nay,  what's  the  sun  but,  in  a  different  name, 
A  coal-pit  rampant,  or  a  mine  on  flame.'* 
Then  let  this  truth  reciprocal!}'  run, 
The  sun's  Heaven's  coalery,  and  coals  our  sun ; 
A  sun  that  scorcheth  not,  locked  up  in  the  deep ; 
The  lions  chained,  the  bandog  is  asleep. 
That  tyrant  fire,  which  uncontrolled  doth  rage, 

40  Here's  calm  and  hushed,  like  Bajazet  in  the  cage. 
For  in  each  coal-pit  there  doth  couchant  dwell 
A  muzzled  Etna,  or  an  innocent  Hell. 
Kindle  the  cloud,  you'll  lightning  then  descry; 
Then  will  day  break  from  the  gloomy  sky ; 
Then  you'll  unbutton  though  December  blow, 
And  sweat  in  the  midst  of  icicles  and  snow; 
The  dog-days  then  at  Christmas.      Thus  is  all 
The  year  made  June  and  equinoctial. 
If  heat  offends,  our  pits  afford  us  shade, 

32  Or  both?    'Tis  here:  And  what  can  Suns  give  more?    '68, 

'87,  '99. 
38  The  Lions  chang'd,  the  Bandog  is  a  sleep.    '68. 
45  'Ilien  you'll  unhottom,  though  December  blow,  '68,  '87,  '99. 
49  If  Heat  offends,  our  Pits  affords  us  Shade,  '60,  '68,  '87,  '99. 

188 


50  Thus  summer's  winter,  winter  summer's  made. 
What   need   we   baths,   what  need   we  bower  r  r 
A  coal-pit's  both  a  ventiduct  and  stove,    [grove? 
Such  pits  and  caves  were  palaces  of  old ; 
Poor  inns,  God  wot,  yet  in  an  age  of  gold; 
And  what  would  now  be  thought  a  strange  dc- 
To  build  a  house  was  then  to  undermine,      [sign, 
People  lived  under  ground,  and  happy  dwellers 
Whose  jovial  habitations  were  all  cellars! 
These  primitive  times  were  innocent,  for  then 

60  Man,  who  turned  after  fox,  made  but  his  den. 
But  see  a  fleet  of  vitals  trim  and  fine. 
To  court  the  rich  infanta  of  our  mine; 
Hundreds  of  grim  Lcanders  do  confront, 
For  this  loved  Hero,  the  loud  Hellespont. 
'Tis  an  armada  royal  doth  engage 
For  some  new  Helen  with  this  equipage; 
Prepared  too,  should  we  their  addresses  bar, 
To  force  this  mistress  with  a  ten  years'  war, 
But  that  our  mine's  a  common  good,  a  joy 

70  Made  not  to  ruin  but  enrich  our  Troy. 

But  oh !     These  bring  it  with  them  and  conspire 
To  pawn  that  idol  for  our  smoke  and  fire. 
Silver's  but  ballast;  this  they  bring  on  shore 
That  they  may  treasure  up  our  better  ore. 
For  this  they  venture  rocks  and  storms,  defy 
All  the  extremity  of  sea  and  sky. 
For  the  glad  purchase  of  this  precious  mold, 
Cowards  dare  pirates,  misers  part  with  gold. 
Hence  is  it  when  the  doubtful  ship  sets  forth 

80  The  naving  needle  still  directs  it  north, 
And,  Nature's  secret  wonders  to  attest, 
189 


Our  Indies'  worth,  discards  both  east  and  west 
For  Tjne.     Not  only  fire  commends  this  spring, 
A  coal-pit  is  a  mine  for  everything. 
We  sink   a  jack-of-all-trades,  shop  and   sound, 
An  inverse  bourse,  an  exchange  under  ground. 
This  Proteus  earth  converts  to  what  you  ha't; 
Now  you  may  wear  it  to  silk,  now  come  it  to 
And,  what's  a  metamorphosis  more  dear,    [plate, 
90  Dissolve  it  and  'twill  turn  to  London  beer. 
For  whatsoe'er  that  gaudy  city  boasts, 
Each  month  doth  drive  to  attractive  coasts. 
We  shall  exhaust  their  chamber  and  devour 
Their  treasure  of  Guild  Hall  and  mint  of  the 

Tower. 
Our   staiths   their   mortgaged    streets    will   soon 

deride, 
Blazon  their  Cornhill-stella,  share  Cheapside. 
Thus  shall  our  coal-pits'  charity  and  pity 
At  distance  undermine  and  fire  the  City. 
Should  we  exact,  they'd  pawn  their  wives  and 

treat 
100  To  swop  those  coolers  for  our  sovereign  heat. 
'Bovc  kisses  and  embraces  fire  controlls ; 
No  Venus  heightens  like  a  peck  of  coals. 
Medea  was  a  drug  of  some  old  sire 
And  ^son's  bath  a  lusty  sea-coal  fire. 
Chimney's  are  old  men's  mistresses,  their  inns, 
A  modern  dalliance  with  their  meazled  shins. 
To  all  defects  a  coal-heap  gives  a  cure. 
Gives  youth  to  age  and  raiment  to  the  poor. 
Pride  first  wore  clothes;  Nature  disdains  attire; 

91-92  All  editions  read  "  boast "  and  "  COast." 

190 


110  She  made  us  naked  'cause  she  gave  us  fire. 

Full  wharfs  and  wardrobes,  and  the  tailor's  charm 
Belongs  to  the  collier;  he  must  keep  us  warm. 
The  quilted  alderman  in  all  his  array 
Finds  but  cold  comfort  in  a  frosty  day; 
Girt,  wrapped,  and  muffled,  yet  with  all  this  stir 
Scarce  warm  when  smothered  in  his  drowsy  fur; 
Not  proof  against  keen  Winter's  batteries 
Should  he  himself  wear  all  his  liveries, 
But  chillblain  under  silver  spurs  bewails 
120  And  in  embroidered  buckskins  blows  his  nails. 
Rich  meadows  and  full  crops  are  elsewhere  found. 
We  can  reap  harvest  from  our  barren  ground. 
The   bald   parched   hills   that   circumscribe   our 

Tyne 
Are  no  less  pregnant  in  their  hungrj'  mine. 
Their  unfledged  tops  so  well  content  our  palates, 
We  envy  none  their  nosegays  and  their  sallcts. 
A  gay  rank  soil  like  a  young  gallant  grows 
And  spends  itself  that  it  may  wear  fine  clothes, 
Wliilst  all  its  worth  is  to  its  back  confined. 
130  Our  wear's  plain  outside,  but  is  richly  lined ; 
Winter's  above,  'tis  summer  underneath, 
A  trusty  morglay  in  a  rusty  sheath. 
As  precious  sables  sometimes  interlace 
A  wretched  serge  or  grogram  cassock  case. 
Rocks   own    no   spring,   are   pregnant   with    no 

showers. 
Crystals  and  gems  are  there  instead  of  flowers; 
Instead  of  roses,  beds  of  rubies  sweet 
And  emeralds  recompence  the  violet. 
Dame  Nature,  not  like  other  madames,  wears 
191 


140  Where  she  is  bare,  pearls  in  her  breasts  and  ears. 
What  though  our  fields  present  a  naked  sight? 
A  paradise  should  be  an  adamite. 
The  northern  lad  his  bonny  lass  throws  down 
And  gives  her  a  black  bag  for  a  green  gown. 


193 


UPON  TOM  OF  CHRISTCHURCH 

(This  appears  only  in  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived";  attributed 
by  Professor  Arber  in  his  "  Milton  Anthology."  Ihis  charming 
little  poem  is  unlike  any  of  Cleveland's  known  pieces;  there 
is  again  the  stressed  "  ed  "  which  does  not  occur  in  his  genuine 
work.     It  was  probably  written  by  an  Oxford  man.) 

Thou  that  by  ruin  dost  repair 

And  by  destruction  art  a  founder, 
Whose  art  doth  tell  us  what  men  are, 
Who  by  corruption  shall  rise  sounder, 
In  this  fierce  fire's  intensive  heat 
Remember  tliis  is  Tom  the  Great. 

And  Cyclops  think  at  every  stroke, 

Which  with  thy  sledge  his  side  shall  wound, 
That  then  some  statute  thou  hast  broke 
10        Which  long  depended  on  his  sound, 

And  that  our  college  gates  did  cry 
They  were  not  shut  since  Tom  did  die. 

Think  what  a  scourge  'tis  to  the  city 
To  drink  and  swear  by  Carfax  bell 
Which,  bellowing  without  tune  or  pity, 
The  days  and  nights  divides  not  well. 
But  the  poor  tradesman  must  give  o'er 
His  ale  at  eight  or  sit  till  four. 


193 


V>'c  all  in  hcaste  drink  off  our  \vine 
23        As  if  wc  never  should  drink  more, 
So  that  the  reckoning  after  nine 
Is  larger  now  than  that  before. 

Release  this  tongue  which  erst  could  say 
"Home,  scholars;  Drawer,  what's  to  pay?" 

So  thou  of  order  shall  be  founder, 
Making  a  ruler  for  the  people. 
One  that  shall  ring  thy  praises  wonder 
Than  the  other  six  bells  in  the  steeple. 
Wherefore  think,  when  Tom  is  running 
30  Our  manners  wait  upon  thy  cunning. 

Then  let  him  raised  be  from  ground. 
The  same  in  number,  weight,  and  sound. 
So  may  thy  conscience  rule  thy  gain. 
Or,  would  thy  theft  might  be  thy  bane! 


194 


AN  ELEGY  UPON  KING  CHARLES  THE 

FIRST,  MURDERED  PUBLICLY  BY 

HIS  SUBJECTS 

(This  was  first  published  in  the  "  Monumentum  Regale,  A 
Tombe  erected  for  that  Incomparable  and  Glorious  Monarch, 
Charles  the  First;  1649."  Also  it  is  in  the  editions  of  1653  and 
in  all  subsequent  editions,  except  the  "  Cleaveland  Revived." 
There  are  three  on  this  same  subject  which  appear  together  in 
the  same  editions;  Mr.  Scollard  says  two  are  by  Cleveland,  but 
he  does  not  say  which  two;  from  internal  criticism  this  is  the 
only  one  which  seems  to  me  to  bear  any  resemblance  to  his 
manner.) 

Were  not  my  faith  buoyed  up  by  sacred  blood, 
It  might  be  drowned  in  this  prodigious  flood; 
Which  reason's  highest  ground  doth  so  exceed, 
It  leaves  my  soul  no  anchorage  but  my  creed ; 
Where  my  faith,  resting  on  the  original, 
Supports  itself  in  this,  the  copy's  fall. 
So  while  my  faith  floats  on  that  bloody  wood. 
My  reason's  cast  away  in  this  red  flood 
Which  ne'er  o'erflows  us  all.     Those  showers  past 
10  Made  but  land-floods  which  did  some  valleys  waste. 
This  stroke  hath  cut  the  only  neck  of  land 
Which  between  us  and  this  red  sea  did  stand, 
That  covers  now  our  world  which  cursed  lies 
At  once  with  two  of  Egypt's  prodigies, 
(O'ercast  with  darkness  and  with  blood  o'er-run.) 

S  Which  Reasons  highest  ground  do  so  exceed,  '59,  '65,  '87,  '99. 
195 


And  justly  since  our  hearts  have  theirs  outdone. 

The  enchanter  led  them  to  a  less  known  ill 

To  act  his  sin,  than  'twas  their  king  to  kill; 

Which  crime  hath  widowed  our  whole  nation, 
20  Voided  all  forms,  left  but  privation 

In  Church  and  State;  inverting  every  right; 

Brought  in  Hell's  state  of  fire  without  light. 

No  wonder  then  if  all  good  eyes  look  red. 

Washing  their  loyal  hearts  from  blood  so  shed; 

The  which  deserves  each  pore  should  turn  an  eye 

To  weep  out  even  a  bloody  agony. 

Let  nought  then  pass  for  music  but  sad  cries. 

For  beauty  bloodless  cheeks  and  blood-shot  eyes. 

All  colors  soil  but  black ;  all  odors  have 
30  I'll  sccnl  but  myrrh,  incensed  on  this  grave. 

It  notes  a  Jew  not  to  believe  us  much 

The  cleaner  made  by  a  religious  touch 

Of  this  dead  body,  whom  to  judge  to  die 

Seems  the  judaical  impiety. 

To  kill  the  King,  the  Spirit  Legion  paints 

His  rage  with  law,  the  Temple  and  the  saints. 

But  the  truth  is,  he  feared  and  did  repine 

To  be  cast  out  and  back  into  the  swine. 

And  the  case  holds  in  that  the  Spirit  bends 
40  His  malice  in  this  act  against  his  ends ; 

For  it  is  like  the  sooner  he'll  be  sent 

Out  of  that  body  he  would  still  torment. 

Let  Christians  then  use  otherwise  this  blood; 

Detest  the  act,  yet  turn  it  to  their  good ; 


18  All  editions  read  "  then." 

83  Of  their  Dead  Body,  whom  to  judge  to  dye,  '59,  '62,  'fiS, 
'87,  '99. 

196 


Thinking  how  like  a  King  of  Death  he  dies 
We  easily  may  the  world  and  death  despise. 
Death  had  no  sting  for  him  and  its  sharp  arm, 
Only  of  all  the  troop,  meant  him  no  harm. 
And  so  he  looked  upon  the  axe  as  one 

50  Weapon  yet  left  to  guard  him  to  his  throne. 
In  his  great  name  then  may  his  subjects  cry, 
"Death,  thou  art  swallowed  up  in  victory." 
If  this,  our  loss,  a  comfort  can  admit, 
'Tis  that  his  narrowed  crown  is  grown  unfit 
For  his  enlarged  head,  since  his  distress 
Had  greatened  this,  as  it  made  that  the  less. 
His  crown  was  fallen  unto  too  low  a  thing 
For  him  who  was  become  so  great  a  king. 
So  the  same  hands  enthroned  him  in  that  crown 

60  They  had  exalted  from  him,  not  pulled  down. 
And  thus  God's  truth  by  them  hath  rendered  more 
Than  e'er  men's   falsehood  promised  to  restore ; 
Which,  since  by  death  alone  he  could  attain, 
Was  yet  exempt  from  weakness  and  from  pain. 
Death  was  enjoined  by  God  to  touch  a  part, 
Might   make  his   passage  quick,   ne'er  move  his 

heart, 
Which  even  expiring  was  so  far  from  death 
It  seemed  but  to  command  away  his  breath. 
And  thus  his  soul,  of  this  her  triumph  proud, 

70  Broke  like  a  flash  of  lightning  through  the  cloud 
Of  flesh  and  blood ;  and  from  the  highest  line 
Of  human  virtue,  passed  to  be  divine. 
Nor  it  is  much  less  his  virtues  to  relate 
Than  the  high  glories  of  his  present  state. 
Since  both,  then,  pass  all  acts  but  of  belief, 
IC. 


Silence  may  praise  the  one,  the  other  grief. 
And  since  upon  the  diamond  no  less 
Than  diamonds  will  serve  us  to  impress, 
I'll  only  wish  that  for  his  elegy 
80  This  our  Josias  had  a  Jeremy. 


198 


NOTES 


NOTES. 

Abbreviations  used  in  these  notes  are: 

B.  Glossographia:  or  a  Dictionary  Interpreting  all  such 
Hard  Words,  Whether  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  Italian,  Frencli, 
Teutonick,  Belgick,  British  or  Saxon,  as  are  now  used  in  our 
refined  English  Tongue.  Also  all  Terms  of  Divinity,  Law, 
Physick,  JMathmaticks,  Heraldry,  Anatomy,  War,  Musick, 
Architecture;  and  of  several  other  Arts  and  Science  Explicated. 
With  Etj'mologies,  Definitions,  and  Historical  Observations  on 
the  same.  Very  useful  for  all  such  as  desire  to  understand 
what  they  read.  By  T.  B.  of  the  Inner-Temple,  Barrester. 
London,  1656.  (This  I  have  preferred  to  all  authorities  as  in 
a  work  such  as  this  the  correct  meaning  or  etymology  of  a 
word  is  not  so  important  as  the  sense  in  which  the  author  and 
his  contemporaries  used  it.) 

M.  Murray's  New  English  Dictionary  on  Historical  Princi- 
ples. 

C.  The  Century  Dictionary. 
J.  Johnson's  Dictionary. 

Harl.  The  Harleian  Miscellany;  a  Collection  of  Scarce, 
Curious,  and  Entertaining  Pamphlets  and  Tracts.  London, 
1811. 

Page  63. 

FuscARA,  OR  THE  Bee  Errakt,  first  appears  in  the  second  edi- 
tion of  1651,  and  in  every  subsequent  edition  except  the  four 
of  the  "Cleaveland  Revived".  It  is  quoted  as  the  best  example 
of  wit  in  the  1677  preface,  and  it  is  the  first  poem  in  that 
edition.  Many  modern  writers  cite  it  as  an  example  of  the 
lack  of  restraint  of  the  period. 

1.  2.  Buckets,  sweetmeats,  J.  (citing  this  passage.);  by 
metonomy  the  art  of  making  gold  is  put  for  the  gold  itself; 
the  word  alchemy  suggests  the  figure  of  the  ne.xt  lines. 

1.  11.     Distrain,  to  make  seizure  for  debt. 

1.  13.  Tincture,  an  alchemic  term  signifying  pure  gold  after 
the  dross  has  been  removed. 

201 


1,  20.     Transpiring,  evaporating  or  exhaling. 

1.  22,     This  line  is  often  quoted  as  the  height  of  ridiculous. 
Page  64. 

1.  34.  Inoculate,  to  yield  a  bud  to  another  stock,  J.  (citing 
this  passage.);  that  is  to  say,  the  wrist  is  freckled.  Gosse:  The 
word  is  again  used  p.  87,  1.   6. 

1.  35.     She  has  fine  yellow  hairs. 

1.  37.     The  lines  in  the  skin  on  the  fingers. 

1.  50.  The  distance  between  the  thumb  and  little  finger  when 
the  fingers  are  extended;  here  used  loosely  for  the  whole  hand. 

1.  52.  So  we  read  of  the  Danish  king  in  Hamlet,  Act  1,  sc. 
iv.  10-12: 

"And  as  he  drains  his  draughts  of  Rhenish  down, 
The  kettle-drum  and  trumpet  thus  bray  out 
The  triumph  of  his  pledge." 
Page  65. 

1.  54.  The  familiar  is  a  spirit  or  God  of  the  household, 
among  the  heathens.     (B.) 

1.  62.  Lancepesade,  the  commander  of  over  ten  soldiers,  the 
lowest  oflBcer  in  a  foot  company. 

1.  70.     Ravaillac,  the  assassin  of  Henry  of  Navarre. 

1.  78.  Danae,  the  mother  of  Perseus,  was  visited  by  Jove 
in  a  shower.  The  image  here  is  inappropriate  because  it  was 
not  she  who  produced  the  golden  shower;  a  better  use  of  the 
myth  is  to  be  found  p.  137,  1.  161-2. 

1.  82.    Parricide,   from  parricidium,  in  the  Ciceronian  sense 
of  treason,  rebellion. 
Page  66. 

To  THE  State  of  Love,  oh  the  Senses  Festival,  occurs  in  the 
first  edition  of  '51  and  in  all  subsequent  editions  except  those 
of  the  Cleveland  Revived.  In  the  edition  of  1677,  the  title  is 
simply  The  Senses'  Festival. 

1.  2.  The  Seekers,  at  this  time  formed  one  of  the  numerous 
sects  who  claimed  to  be  searching  for  the  true  religion.  In 
Sir  John  Birkenhead's  Two  Centuries  of  Paul's  Church  Yard, 
tliere  is  this  allusion:  Species  Quarta:  A  new  division  of  Oov- 
ernment  into  Mormrchy,  Aristocracy,  Democracy,  and  Anarchy, 
by  Nathaniel  Bacon,  of  Gray's  Inn,  Esquire,  which  Fourth  was 
found  out  by  the  four  kinds  of  Seekers,  some  whereof  did  never 
seek  at  all. 

1.  3.  Shaker;  these  lines  consist  of  punning  conceits  upon 
the  names  of  the  various  religious  sects  of  the  time  I  have 
found  no  reference  to  the  Shakers  then,  and  as  the  modern 

202 


Shakers  were  not  established  until  the  eighteenth  century,  it 
cannot  refer  to  them. 

1.  6.  Adamites,  a  sect  which  imitated  Adam  in  doing  with- 
out clothes.  This  is  a  favorite  conceit  witii  Cleveland.  They 
agree  in  nothing  else  but  that  they  are  all  Adamites  in  under-i 
standing,  Character  of  a  London  Diurnal.  The  line  suggests 
Donne's : 

"Her  pure  and  eloquent  blood 
Spoke  in  her  cheeks,  and  so  distinctly  wrought 
That  one  might  almost  say  her  body  thought." 

Anatomy  of  the  World,  2d  Anniversary,  244-5-6. 

1.  8.  There  is  no  noun  for  with  the  same  except  Adamite; 
here  he  seems  to  confuse  that  word  with  adamant,  which  in  its 
double  meaning  of  attraction  and  diamond,  exactly  gives  the 
sense.    M.  gives  no  spelling  in  ite,  however. 

1.  11.    Juno  is  the  Abbess  of  the  Skies,  and  her  bird  is  the 
peacock. 
Page  68. 

1.  62.  There  were  three  venters  in  the  anatomy,  the  second 
of  which  was  the  breast.  Her  speech  is,  then,  a  kiss  of  the 
heart. 

1.  64.  The  allusion  is,  of  course,  to  Fair  Rosamond  and  her 
imprisonment  in  the  labyrinth  at  Woodstock;  for  a  description 
of  which  see  Scott's  novel  of  that  name. 

1.  67.  Pickeering,  skirmishing;  thus  in  Lovelace,  The  Toad 
and  the  Spider, 

"So  within  shot  she  doth  pickear. 
Now  galls  the  flank,  and  now  the  rear." 
Page  69. 

1.  75.     Boutesel;   (a.  ,F.  boute-sellei,   f.  bouter,  to  put;  selle, 
saddle).     A  trumpet  call  warning  knights  or  cavalry   to  put 
on  the  saddle.     (M.  citing  this  passage.) 
Page  70. 

To  Julia  to  Expedite  her  Promise,  occurs  first  m  the  edi- 
tion of  1653,  and  in  all  subsequent  editions,  except  those  of 
th6  Cleveland  Revived.  The  first  verse  is  quoted  by  Dr.  John- 
son in  his  Life  of  Cowley,  with  the  comment,  "Who  would 
imagine  it  possible  that  in  a  very  few  lines  so  many  remote 
ideas  could  be  brought  together?" 

1.  1.     Undershrieve,  under-sheriff. 

1  3  Advowson,  the  reversion  of  a  spiritual  promotion,  and 
signifies,  in  our  common  law  a  right  to  present  a  clergyman  to 

203 


a  Benefice.   (B.)     Of  course  here  used  loosely  to  signify  future 
possession. 

"As  if  Hypocrisy  and  Nonsense 
Had  got  the  Advowson  of  his  conscience." 

—Hudihras,  Part  1,  C.  1,  235-6. 

1.  9.  Rebated  foins,  thrusts  with  blunted  swords,  not  a  real 
combat  then. 

1.  18.  "Julian  Account,  so  called  from  Julijs  Caesar,  who, 
44'  yeers  before  the  birth  of  Christ,  observed  the  falseness  of 
the  account  then  in  use,  ordained  the  yeer  to  consist  of  365 
days  and  six  hours,  which  six  hours  in  four  yeers  made  24 
hours  or  a  day  civil,  and  were  added  to  the  end  of  February; 
by  reason  whereof  every  fourth  yeer  contained  366  days  and 
was  called  Annus  Bissextile,  or  leap-year,  because  the  sixth  of 
the  Calends  of  March  was  twice  written,  and  the  thing  itself 
was  called  Intercalation.  This  account  for  many  j'eers  seemed 
to  have  no  sensible  error,  yet  in  the  progress  of  time  it  was 
discovered  to  be  not  so  exactly  agreeable  with  the  natural  mo- 
tion of  the  Sun;  For  the  Julian  yeer  exceeding  the  true  Solar 
yeer  10  min.  and  48  seconds,  caused  the  Equinoxes  and  Sols- 
tices yeerly  to  change  their  places  and  flj^e  back  so  many  min- 
utes and  seconds.  Whereupon  Pope  Gregory  the  thirteenth,  by 
the  advice  and  direction  of  Antonius  Lilius  and  other  excellent 
Mathematicians,  in  the  yeer  of  Christ,  1582,  corrected  the 
Calendar,  making  the  j'eer  to  consist  of  365  days,  5  hours,  49 
m.  12  s.  And  that  the  vernal  Equinox,  which  then  was  on  the 
11  of  March,  might  be  reduced  to  the  21  of  March,  as  it  was 
at  the  time  of  the  first  Nicene  Council;  he  commanded  10  daj's 
in  the  month  of  October,  viz.:  from  the  4  to  the  14,  to  be  left 
out,  so  as  the  fourth  day  of  the  month  was  accounted  for  the 
14  day.  Hence  it  comes  to  pass,  that  the  new,  forraign  Lilian 
or  Gregorian  account  is  always  10  days  before  the  old,  the 
English  or  Julian  account."  B. 
Page  71. 

1.  26.  The  famous  siege  of  Ostend,  of  which  Motley  gives  a 
graphic  account,  was  formally  commenced  July  5th,  1601.  Of  the 
surrender -of  the  city  he  gives  the  following  account:  History 
of  the  United  Netherlands,v.\\'.,p.2\5  ff.  "And  thus  the  arch- 
dukes (Spaniards),  after  three  years  and  seventy-seven  days 
of  siege,  obtained  their  prize.  ...  It  would  be  difficiilt  to 
imagine  a  more  desolate  scene.  .  .  .  There  were  no  churches, 
no  houses,  no  redoubts,  no  bastions,  no  walls,  nothing  but  a 

204i 


vague  and  confused  mass  of  ruin.  .  .  .  There  were  no 
human  habitations,  no  hovels,  no  casements.  The  inhnliitatits 
had  burrowed  at  last  in  the  earth,  like  the  dumb  creatures  of 
the  swamps  and  forests.  ...  At  every  step  the  unl)uricil 
skulls  of  the  brave  soldiers  who  had  died  in  the  cause  of  free- 
dom grinned  their  welcome  to  the  conquerors.  .  .  .  No 
human  creatures  were  left  save  the  wife  of  a  freebooter  and 
her  paramour,  a  journej'man  blacksmith." 
1.  34.     Crisped,  a  synonym  of  curled. 

"So  are   those  crisped   snakie   golden  locks."    Mer.   of 

Ven.,  Act.  Ill,  sc.  11. 
"Along  the  crisped  shades  and  bowers 
Revels  the  spruce  and  jocund  Spring." 

Comus,  981. 
1.  42.     Pelops,  the  son  of  Tantalus,  king  of  Lydia,  was  killed 
by  his   father  and  served  at  a  banquet  of  the  gods,  of  whoiu 
Ceres  alone  ate  of  the  dish.    Zeus  restored  him  to  life,  replac- 
ing with  ivory  one:  shoulder  which  Ceres  had  eaten. 
1.  44.    Heriot,  the  tribute  to  the  lord  from  the  vassal. 
1.  47.     Gripe,  grasp  of  the  hand. 

1.  48.    Begealing,  re- freezing.     I  am  at  a  loss  to  explain  the 
image,   unless   her   eyes,   like  spheres  of  ice,  melt   tears,   and 
cease,  and  melt  again. 
Page  72. 

1.  52.     Image  from  pool  of  Bethesda,  St.  John,  5,  2. 
Page  73. 

The  Hecatomb  to  His  Mistress,  occurs  in  the  first  edition  of 
1651  and  in  all  subsequent  editions  except  the  Cleave.land  Re- 
vived. The  hecatomb  was  a  sacrifice  of  a  hundred  cattle,  and 
consequently  there  are  just  a  hundred  verses  in  the  poem. 

1.  7.  Postil  (postilum),  "a  short  exposition  upon  the  Gospel, 
wherein  more  is  observed,  than  hath  been  by  others;  so  called 
from  these  words,  'post  iUos  dies,'  which  are  very  frequent  in 
Holy  Writ."  B.  A  postiller  is  one  who  writes  postils;  used 
here  to  denominate  writers  of  short  pieces,  while  his  mistress 
occupies  a  hundred  lines. 

1.  18.     A  Jacob's  staff  is  a  surveyor's  instrument  in  use  now 
as  then.     "Resolve  that  with  your  Jacob's  staflF."     Hudibras, 
Part  II,  C.  3,  786. 
Page  74. 
1.  25.     Ela,  th^  highest  note  in  the  gamut.  B. 

Page  75. 

1.  57.     Quick,  lively,  expressive. 
205 


Page  76. 

1.  b'9-75.  This  passage  is  obscure  as  elliptical.  I  read  it: 
you,  whose  hea\y  verse  is  fitter  to  describe  the  Muse's  funeral 
than  to  describe  Celia's  looks,  Celia  whose  bosom  is  j)aradise 
itself,  now  be  inspired.  Musk-cat,  tiie  animal  signifying  the 
heavy  odor. 

1.  82.     Quartans,  fevers  which  come  every  fourth  day. 

1.  89.  Gotham.  Fuller,  Worthies  of  England,  1662,  pp. 
315-6,  gives  the  proverb,  "As  wise  as  the  men  of  Gotham";  the 
origin  is  explained  as  follows  in  Thornton's  Nottinghamshire, 
V.  3,  pp.  43-3,  as  quoted  in  Notes  and  Queries^  1,  2,  520. 
"King  John  intending  to  pass  through  this  way  towards  Not- 
tingham, was  prevented  by  the  inhabitants,  they  apprehending 
that  the  ground  over  which  a  king  passed  was  forever  after 
to  become  a  public  road.  The  king,  incensed  at  their  proceed- 
ings, sent  from  his  court,  soon  afterwards,  some  of  his  servants 
to  inquire  of  them  the  reason  of  their  incivility  and  illtreat- 
ment,  that  he  might  punish  them.  The  villagers  hearing  of  the 
approach  of  the  king's  servants,  thought  of  an  expedient  to 
turn  away  his  majesty's  displeasure  from  them.  When  the 
messengers  arrived  at  Gotham,  they  found  some  of  the  inhabi- 
tants endeavoring  to  drown  an  eel  in  a  pool  of  water;  some 
were  employed  in  dragging  carts  upon  a  large  barn,  to  shade 
the  wood  from  the  sun,  and  others  were  engaged  in  hedging 
a  cuckoo  which  had  perched  itself  upon  an  old  bush.  In  short, 
they  were  all  employed  upon  some  foolish  way  or  other,  which 
convinced  the  king's  servants  that  it  was  a  village  of  fools." 
Page  78. 

The  Axtiplatonic  occurs  in  the  first  edition  of  1651  and  in 
all  subsequent  editions  except  the  Cleavcland  Revived. 

I.  10.  Pygmalion,  a  Cyprian  sculptor,  who  fell  in  love  with 
an  ivory  statue  of  his  own  carving. 

1.  12.  "Niobe,  the  queen  of  Thebes,  was  the  mother  of  four- 
teen children,  all  of  whom  were  slain  by  Apollo  and  Artemis 
as  a  punishmen  to  her  pride.  Thereupon  she  was  changed  to 
rock  and  transported  to  Mt.  Sipylus  in  Lydia."  Ovid  Meta- 
morphoses, VI.,  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Common  and  Vulgar 
Errors,  1C8&,  p.  17. 

1.  14.  Quarry,  in  the  modern  sense  of  stone-pit;  a  hit  at  the 
coldness  of  Platonic  love.     J.  (citing  this  passage.) 

1.  19-20.  The  Platonic  lovers,  thus  forming  a  sect  apart,  cal- 
cine love,  i.  e.,  reduce  it  to  nothing  but  dust. 

206 


Page  79. 

1.  22.     Dubs,  stabs.  M.  (citing  this  passage.) 

1.  26.  Green-sickness,  a  sjmptom  of  love  in  Burton's 
Anatomy;  with  it  there  is  an  unnatural  appetite. 

1.  38.     Cuirassier,  one  armed  with  a  cuirass,  most  commonly 
spoken  of  horsemen.     B. 
Page  80. 

Upok  Phillis  Walking  ix  a  Morning  Before  Sux-nisixc, 
occurs  in  all  editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived. 
Page  83. 

To  Mrs.  K.  T.,  Who  Asked  Him  Why  He  Was  Dumb.  Writ- 
ten calente  calamo,  occurs  in  all  editions  except  the  Cleaveland 
Revived.  In  the  earlj*  editions  the  phrase,  written  calente  cala- 
mo, written  with  a  glowing  pen,  is  omitted. 

1.  16.     The  double  meaning  in  silenced  minister,  is  that  many 
Puritan  divines  were  silenced  by  Laud  for  political  reasons. 
Page  84. 

1.  48.  The  old  Legenda  Aurea,  or  Golden  Legend,  was  origi- 
nally written  in  Latin  in  the  thirteenth  century,  by  Jacobus 
de  Voragine,  a  Dominican  friar,  who  afterwards  became  Arch- 
bishop of  Genoa,  and  died  in  1293.  In  the  fifteenth  century 
it  was  printed  by  Caxton. 
Page  85. 

A  Fair  Nymph  Scorning  a  Black  Boy  Courting  Hkr,  oc- 
curs in  all  editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived. 

1.  2.  "That  Smoak  doth  follow  the  fairest,  is  a  usual  saying 
with  us,  and  in  many  parts  of  Europe;  whereof  although  there 
seem  no  natural  ground,  yet  is  the  continuation  of  a  very 
ancient  opinion,  as  Petrus  Victorius  and  Casaubon  have  ob- 
served from  a  passage  in  Atheneus,  wherein  a  Parasite  tiius 
describeth  himself: 

'To  every  Table;  first  I  come. 
Whence  Porridge  1  am  call'd  by  some: 
A  Capaneus  at  Stairs  I  am. 
To  enter  any  Room  a  Ram; 
Like  Whips  and  Thongs  to  all  I  ply. 
Like  Smoak  unto  the  Fair  I  fly." 
Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Common  and  Vulgar  Errors,  1663,p.  219. 

Page  87.  „  . 

A  Young  Man  to  an  Old  Woman  Courting  Him  occurs  in 
all  editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived.  Fletcher,  Ex  Ot,o 
Negotium,  1656,  has  a  poem  the  antithesis  of  this,     An  Old 

207 


Man    Courting    a    Young   Girl."      The   treatment    is    much    the 

same. 

Page  90. 

Upon  a  Miser  Who  Made  a  Great  Feast  and  the  Next 
Day  Died  for  Grief  occurs  in  all  editions  but  the  Cleaveland 
Revived. 

1.  2.     Liquorish,  lickerish,  greedy. 

1,  5.  Hopkins,  John  Hopkins,  associated  with  Thomas  Stern- 
hold  in  the  Whole  Book  of  Psalms,  Collected  into  EtKjlish 
Meefre^  1562,  of  which  fifty-six  are  by  him.  I  select  at  random 
from  the  thirty-fifth  Psalm  as  an  example  of  Hopkins'  rhyme: 

17.  "The  bellie  Gods  and  flattering  traine, 

that  all  good  thmgs  deride: 

At  me  do  grin  with  great  disdaine, 

and  plucke  their  mouthes  aside. 

18.  Lord  when  wilt  thou  amend  their  geare, 
why  dost  thou  stay   and  pause? 

O,  rid  my  soule  my  only  deare, 
out  of  these  Ljons  claws." 

Edition  of  1601,  p.  18. 
In  the  Character  of  a  London  Diurnal  he  says,  "As  Sternhold 
and  Hopkins  murder  the  Psalms." 

1.  16.     Tiip^  the  ram. 
Page  91. 
1.  25.     Whinyard,  a  contemptuous  name  for  sword. 
"He  snatched  his  Whinyard  up,  that  fled 
When  he  was  falling  off  his  steed." 

Hudibras,  Part  I.,  C.  22,  938-9. 
1,  29.     Ajax,   son  of  Telemon,   when   the  armor  of  Achilles 
was  awarded  to  Odysseus,  became  insane  and  fell  upon  a  flock 
of  sheep. 

"With  greater  Troops  of  Sheep  h'  had  fought 
Than  Ajax." 

Hudibras,  Part  I.,  C.  2,  309. 
1.  39.     31  or  [/lay,  the  sword   of  Bevis   of   Southampton;   here 
used  as  the  name  for  any  sword. 
Page  92. 

1.  48.  Thyesies,  the  son  of  Pelops  and  brother  of  Atreus, 
seduced  his  brother's  wife,  whereupon  Atreus  killed  his  chil- 
dren and  served  them  to  the  unsuspecting  father. 

1.  50.  EngRshmen  supposed  that  the  Scotch,  like  the  Jews, 
did  not  eat  pork. 

208 


'The  Jewish  Scot  that  scorns  to  eat 
The  flesh  of  swine    .     .     ." 

Rump  Songs,  Pt.  1,  p.  337. 
"The  things  that  are  abominated  there, 
Are  clean  shirts,  swines'  flesh,  and  the  common  prayer." 
Scotland  Characterized,  1701,  Harl.,   VII.,  377. 
1.  54.     TJie  oranges,  in  line  54,  suggested  the  golden  apples 
of  Atlas,  wlilch  were  watched  by  a  dragon;  to  steal  them  was 
the  eleventh  labor  of  Hercules. 

1.  60.     Jupiter,  to  save   lo,  his  mistress,   from  the  jealousy 
of  Juno  turned  her  into  a  white  cow.    Mull,  obs.  for  cow,  C. 
Page  93. 

1.  74.     Ovid,   in   his   MetamorpJioses,   tells   how   Acteon,   be- 
cause he  had  seen  Diana  bathing,  was  changed  by  her  into  a 
stag  and  was  torn  to  death  by  his  own  hounds. 
Page  94. 

Upon  ak  Hermaphrodite  occurs  in  all  editions  except  the 
Cleaveland  Revived.  This  was  printed  in  the  1640,  1643(?), 
1652,  1664,  and  1668  editions  of  Randolph's  Poems,  but  not  in 
the  1638,  the  first.  In  Beaumont's  Poems,  1653,  it  appears 
with  the  heading:  "The  Hermaphrodite,  made  after  M.  Beau- 
mont's death,  by  Thomas  Randolph,  M.  A.,  sometime  P'ellow 
of  Trinity  College,  in  Cambridge." 

This  edition  of  Beaumont  is  thoroughly  untrustworthy, 
and  judging  also  from  the  following  poem,  Cleveland  is  cer- 
tainly the  author.  To  my  surprise  it  is  credited  to  Randolph 
in  the  last  edition  of  his  works,  London,  1875,  edited  by  W. 
Carew  Hazlitt. 

I.  12.     Genesis,  2,  21-22. 

"And  the  Lord  God  caused  a  deep  sleep  to  fall  upon  Adam, 
and  he  slept:  and  he  took  one  of  his  ribs,  and  closed  up  the 
flesh  instead  thereof;  and  the  rib  which  the  Lord  God  had 
taken  from  man,  made  he  a  woman,  and  brought  her  unto  the 
man." 

"Man  was  not  man  in  Paradise, 
Until  he  was  created  twice, 
And  had  his  better  Half,  his  Bride, 
Carv'd  from  th'  Original,  his  Side, 
T'  amend  his  natural  Defects, 
And  perfect  his  recruiting  Sex; 
Inlarge  his  Breed,  at  once,  and  lessen 
The  Pains  and  Labour  of  increasing. 
By  changing  them  for  other  Cares, 
209 


As  by  his  dry'd-up  Paps  appears; 
His  body,  that  stupendous  Frame, 
Of  all  the  World  the  Anagram, 
Is  of  two  equal  Parts  compact, 
In  symmetry  and  shape  exact, 
Of  which  the  Left  and  Female  Side 
Is,  to  the  manly  Right,  a  Bride, 
Both  join'd  together  with  such  Art, 
That  nothing  else  but  Death  can  part." 

Hudibras,  Part  3,  C.  764,  &ff. 
For  an  elaborate  discussion  of  this  belief,  see  Chapt.  2,  Bk, 
VII.,  of  Browne's  Common  and  Vulgar  Errors. 
Page  95. 

I.  31.  Phrase  common  in  Herrick;  I  quote  from  Pollard's 
edition : 

"You  blame  me,  too,  because  I  can't  devise 
Some  sport  to  please  those  babies  in  your  eves." 

V.  'l,  p.  17. 
"Be  ye  lock'd  up  like  to  these. 
Or  the  rich  Hesperides, 
Or  those  babies  in  your  eyes. 
In  their  crystal  nunneries."  V.  1,  p.  151. 

"Clear  are  her  eyes. 
Like  purest  skies. 
Discovering  from  thencei 
A  baby  there 
That  turns  each  sphere. 

Like  an  intelligence."  V,  1,  p.  243. 

Mr.  Pollard's  note  is  as  follows:  "The  phrase  'babies  (i.  e., 
dolls)  in  the  eyes'  is  probably  only  a  translation  of  its  meta- 
phor, involved  in  the  use  of  the  Latin  pupilla  (a  little  girl), 
our  pupil,  for  the  central  spot  in  the  ej'e.  "  The  metaphor 
doubtless  arose  from  the  small  reflections  of  the  inlooker,  which 
appear  in  the  eyes  of  the  person  gazed  at;  but  we  meet  with  it 
both  intensified,  as  in  the  phrase  'to  look  babies  in  the  eyes* 
(equal  to  peer  amorously),  and  with  its  origin  disregarded,  as 
in  Herrick,  where  the  'babies'  are  the  pupils,  and  have  an  ex- 
istence independent  of  any  inlooker." 

1.  48.  Gauntlet,  the  masculine  glove;  m.uff,  a  soft  covering 
for  the  hands  in  winter.  J.  citing  this  passage.  Presumably 
then  worn  principally  by  women. 

1.  51.     Achilles,  to  escape  the  siege  of  Troy  at  which  he  was 
210 


fated  to  be  killed,  was  sent  disguised  as  a  maiden  to  Lyrome- 
des,  king  of  the  Dolopians.  Ulysses  discovered  liini  l)y  offering 
for  sale  swords  and  needles,  the  future  warrior  elioosing  tlie 
first.  The  "sack  of  Troy"  is  proleptical,  but  vivid,  as  Achilles' 
choice  determined  the  fate  of  that  city.  Phillis  is  the  conven- 
tional name  for  any  maiden;  Lycomedes'  daughter  was  called 
Deidameia. 
Page  96. 

1.  57.  OalUard,  an  active,  nimble,  sprightly  dance,  usually 
danced  by  two.  For  a  full  discussion  of  this  see  note  on  p. 
145,  98. 

1.  59.  A  heteroclite,  a  noun  formed  from  two  roots,  whose 
declension  consequently  is  of  two  forms;  the  application  here  is 
clever,  but  I  do  not  see  why  the  heart  is  excepted.  Browne 
gives  no  clue  as  to  a  popular  superstition  on  that  score. 

1.  66.  The  Phillip  and  Mary  shilling  (1551-5)  has  the  two 
heads  in  profile  close  together  and  facing  each  other;  on  the  re- 
verse the  arms  of  Spain  quartered  with  those  of  England. 

"Still  amorous,  and  fond,  and  billing. 
Like  Phillip  and  Mary  on  a  shilling." 

Hudibras,  Part  III,  C.  1,  686-8. 

Page  97. 

The  Author  to  His  Hermaphrodite  (made  after  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph's death,  yet  inserted  into  his  poems),  occurs  in  all  the 
editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived.  This  then  could  not 
have  been  written  before  16-10,  the  date  of  the  first  edition  of 
Randolph,  in  which  it  appears.  _ 

1.  4.  A  urns  ace  (a.  O.  F.  ambes  as,  L.  ambas  as,  both  ace.) 
Both  aces,  double  ace,  the  lowest  possible  throw  at  dice.  M. 
(citing  this  passage.) 

1.  11.  Plurality  of  livings  was  one  of  the  charges  brought  by 
the  Puritans  against  the  .Established  Church;  the  curate  did 
the  work  and  the  holder  of  the  living  drew  the  salary,  some- 
times not  coming  to  his  cure  for  years. 

1.  12.  Impropriation,  a  parsonage  or  ecclesiastical  living 
coming  by  inheritance.  B.  The  ecclesiastical  image  in  10  is 
carried  through. 

1.  16.  Donative,  in  Law  a  benefice  merely  given  and  collated 
by  the  patron  to  a  man  without  either  a  presentation  to  the 
ordinary,  or  institution  by  the  ordinary,  or  Induction  by  his 

orders.     B.  p,  39,  19.  ..     u     ,       i     f 

1.  19.     The  Theban  wiital,  Amphitryon,  was  the  husband  ot 

211 


/vmene  v/ho   by   Zeus   was   the  mother   of    Hercules.      Wittal, 
cuckold. 

1.  22.  Ilans-in-keldar,  Jack-ln-the-cellar,  a  common  phrase 
at  the  time  for  an  unborn  child.  And  the  modern  Mercuries, 
but  Hans-in-keldars,  Char,  of  London  Diurnal. 

"More  pregnant  than  their  Margaret,  that  laid  down, 
Hans-in-keldar  of  a  whole  Hans-Town." 

Marvell's  Character  of  Holland,  1.66. 
Page  98. 

1.  34.     Compurgators^  a  cleanser,  cleaner  or  purger.    B. 

1.  35.  Og;  this  reference  has  entirely  escaped  me;  it  is  used 
again  p.  121,  1.  47,  but  there  it  may  have  been  applied  to  some 
well-known  commissary  of  large  size  from  the  great  stature  of 
the  King  of  Bashan.  Dryden  gives  Shadwell  the  name  of  Og 
from  his  corpulency. 

"With  all  this  bulk  there's  nothing  lost  in  Og, 
For  every  inch,  that  is  not  fool,  is  rogue." 

Absalom  and  Achitopel,  p.  11,  462-3. 

It  is  also  to  be  noted  that  the  poem  of  the  Dialogue  was  pro- 
bably written  in  the  autumn  of  1640,  and  that  then  this  is  later. 
But  what  connection  Og,  either  as  commissary  or  King  of 
Bashan,  could  have  vvith  Randolph  is  unknown  to  me.  Ran- 
dolph, according  to  Aubry,  was  not  a  larpe  man. 

1.  44.  Gives  his  purse  a  sob;  I  do  not  know  the  meaning.  As 
the  same  phrase  occurs  in  the  Comedy  of  Errors,  Act  IV.,  3,  22. 
"The  man  sir,  that  when  gentlemen  are  tired,  gives  them  a  sob 
and  rests  them,"  I  infer  that  it  is  an  idiom  which  has  been  lost 
and  that  the  text  is  correct.  Moreover  the  edition  of  1677 
changes  the  long  s,  which  might  hi  confused  with  f  to  the  capi- 
tal S.  For  the  Shakespearian  passage,  the  folio  of  1632  in  my 
possession  reads  sob,  which  is  changed  by  Dyce  to  sop,  by 
Rowe  to  fob,  by  White  to  stop,  and  by  Rolfe  to  bob.  The  Cen- 
tury and  Halliwell  give  fob,  citing  this  passage  as  the  only 
reading;  the  Cambridge  Shakespeare  reads  sob. 

1.  51.  Porphery  Chair.  "A  Chair  of  Porphryry  INIarble  in 
the  Cloister  of  St.  John  Lateran  at  Rome,  called  Sedes  Ster- 
coraria;  because  when  the  Pope  takes  possession  of  his  Episco- 
pal See  in-that  Church,  at  the  intoning  of  the  Verse,  Suscitans 
de  terra  inopem  et  de  stercore  erigens  pauperem,  Psal.  113, 
he  was  carried  from  a  side  Chappel  to  the  high  Altar,  in  that 
Chair;  to  signifie  that  God  had  raised  him  from  a  low  condition 
to  that  supreme  dignity.  The  usual  tale  of  this  Chair  is  a  meer 
fiction."    B.    The  tisual  tale  gives  the  point  to  the  allusion  here, 

212 


namely,  that  the  chair  was  arranged  to  test  the  masculinity  of 
the  Pope.  For  an  elaborate  and  detailed  discussion  of  the  chair 
and  of  Pope  Joan,  see  Pope  Joan:  A  Dialoyue  between  a  Pro- 
testant and  a  Papist;  manifestly  proving,  tlmt  a  u-oman,  called 
Joan,  7vas  Pope  of  Rome.  .  .  .By  Alexander  Cooke,  London, 
1625,  Harl.  IV.,  63. 
Page  99. 

1.  52.  Pope  Joan  (see  preceding  note),  a  curious  myth  of  the 
Middle  Ages.  Anatasius,  the  Librarian,  (886),  first  mentions 
her:  "A.  D.  854,  Lotharii,  14,  Joanna,  a  woman,  succeeded  Leo, 
and  reigned  two  years,  five  months  and  four  days.  Siie  is  said' 
to  have  been  an  English  or  German  woman,  of  great  learning, 
who  followed  her  lover  into  a  monastery  in  the  disguise  of  a 
man.  She  went  then  to  Greece  and  afterwards  to  Rome,  where, 
on  account  of  her  great  learning,  she  was  elevated  to  the  papal 
chair.  But  as  she  had  been  familiar  with  a  cardinal,  or  a  ser- 
vant, in  full  pontificals  her  accouchement  took  place  on  the 
highway."  This  story  is  purely  fabulous.  This  account  is  con- 
densed from  that  given  by  S.  Baring-Gould,  M.  A.,  in  his  Curi^ 
ous  Myths  of  the  Middle  Age,  1869, 

"And  therein  sate  a  Lady  fresh  and  fayre. 
Making  sweet  solace  to  herself  alone; 
Sometimes  she  song  as  lowd  as  larke  in  ayre. 
Sometimes  she  laught,  as  merry  as  Pope  Jone." 

The  Faerie  Queene,  Bk.  11,  C.  VI^  3. 
"Virigo  Minx, 
That  was  both  Madam,  and  a  Don, 
Like  Nero's  Sporus,  or  Pope  Joan." 

Hudihras,  Part  II.,  C.  2,  654-7. 
1.  58.     It  is  scarcely  necessary  to  say  that  by  my  poetry  he 
means  only  the  preceding  poem.     At  the  date;  of  writing,  Ran- 
dolph must  have  been  dead  at  least  five  years,  so  the  familiar 
Tom  does  not  presuppose  great  intimacy. 
Page  100. 

The  Verses  On  the  Memory  of  Mr.  Edward  Kixg,  Drowned 
IK  THE  Irish  Seas,  appeared  first  in  the  Cambridge  collection 
of  1638.  It  occurs  in  two  of  the  five  editions  in  1647,  and  in  all 
subsequent  editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived. 

Edward  King  is  now  known  only  from  his  acquaintance  with 
more  famous  men.  He  was  admitted  to  Christ's,  June  6,  1626, 
aged  fourteen.  He  was  the  son  of  an  influential  English  fam- 
ily in  Ireland,  and  consequently  when  a  fellowship  became 
vacant.    King    was    appointed    as    the    successor,    June    10th. 

213 


1C30,  by  the  royal  command.  As  we  have  already  seen  he  con- 
tributed to  a  number  of  the  State  Verses  issued  by  the  Uni- 
versity, and  seems  to  have  been  considered  as  a  youth  of  prom- 
ise. His  reputation  is  based  entirely  upon  what  he  might  have 
done,  as  he  was  drowned  August  10th,  1637,  on  his  way  to  Ire- 
land. The  vessel,  starting  from  Chester  Bay,  was  rounding  the 
coast  of  northern  Wales  and  struck  a  rock  before  it  reached 
the  deep  water  of  the  main  channel.  It  foundered  almost  im- 
mediately, and  although  it  was  a  clear  day,  with  calm  water, 
very  few  seem  to  have  escaped.  His  body  was  never  recovered. 
The  feeling  in  the  University  was  very  great  and  his  friends 
hastened  to  prepare  a  volume  of  verse,  a  volume  which  is  now 
worth  its  weight  in  gold,  as  it  is  the  first  edition  of  Milton's 
Lycidas.  Of  King's  own  verse  it  is  scarcely  fair  to  speak  as  it 
is  all  in  Latin  and  commemorates  state  occasions;  but  such  as 
it  is,  it  is  very  hard  to  see  the  promise  in  it  whicli  inspired  his 
contemporaries. 

1.  13.  B.  C,  480,  Xerxes  built  a  bridge  across  the  Hellespont 
for  his  invasion  of  Greece.  The  myth  runs  that  the  first  bridge 
was  destroyed,  whereat  the  angry  monarch  ordered  three  hun- 
dred lashes  to  be  given  to  the  disobedient  sea. 

1.  18.     Imposthumed,  swollen  with  corrupted  matter;  a  meta- 
phor taken  from  medicine;  see  B. 
Page  101. 

1,  27.  Stagirite,  Aristotle,  so  called  from  his  birth-place, 
Stagira. 

1.  46.  Larousse  in  his  account  of  the  Vatican  in  the 
Dictionaire  Universelle  does  not  mention  any  burning  of  the 
Vatican;  neither  does  Ferdinand  Gregorovius  index  it  in  his 
eight  volume  history,  Geschichte  der  Stadt  Rom,  nor  in  any 
encyclopedia  have  I  found  any  mention  of  such  a  conflagration. 
Yet  certainly  such  an  event  would  surely  be  chronicled.  There- 
fore I  infer  that,  as  the  Vatican  was  famous  in  the  seventeenth 
century  as  a  repository  of  knowledge  (see  B.  and  Bailey)  Cleve- 
land here  uses  the  name  as  a  synonym  for  library;  perhaps  he 
confused  it  with  the  burning  of  the  Library  at  Alexandria. 

1.  51.    Bundlets,  literally  little  barrels. 

Page  102. 

Mahk  Axtoxy  occurs  in  three  of  the  five  editions  in  1647 
and  in  all  subsequent  editions,  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived. 

Page  103. 

1.  36.    Ingeny,  genius,  wit;  not  in  use.    J. 
214 


Fage  104. 

The  Author's  Mock  So\-r.  to  Mark  Axtoky  occurs  in  two 
of  the  five  editions  of  1G47  and  in  all  subsequent  editions  ex- 
cept the  Cleaveland  Revived. 

1.  8.  Of  Sii.  Pom  fret  1  can  find  no  mention  whatever;  prob- 
ably a  "worthy  woman  of  the  town"  in  Chaucer's  piirase,  but 
not  in  Chaucer's  meaning. 

1.  9.  Incubus.  "A  devil  that  sometimes  in  man's  shape  lies 
with  women,  as  Succubus  doth  with  men.  Also  a  disease  called 
the  Nightmare,  when  a  man  in  his  sleep  supposeth  that  he  bath 
a  great  weight  lying  on  him,  and  feels  himself  almost  strangled; 
in  such  sort  that  he  cannot  turn  himself,  nor  sit  up,  nor  call  for 
help.    The  vulgar  think  it  some  spirit.     .     .     .     "   B. 

"How  shall  I  keep  off  the  nightmare,  or  defend  myself  against 
the  temptations  of  an  incubus."  Hazlitt's  edition  of  Randolph, 
V.  2,  p.  165. 

"I  will  not  urge  thee,  for  I  know. 
Though  thou  art  young,  thou  canst  say  no, 
And  no  again,  and  so  deny 
Those  thy  lust-burning  incubi." 

The  Parting   Verse  or  Charge  to  his  Supposed  Wife  when  ^c 

Travelled,  1,  30-4 

1.15.  Dun  the  horse  is  in  the  mire— a  phrase  denoting  that 
things  are  at  a  standstill  or  deadlock.  "A  Dun  horse,  formerly 
a  quasi  proper  name  for  any  horse."    M. 

"But  Ralph,  himself,  your  trusty  Squire, 
Wh'  has  dragg'd  your  Dunsbip  out  o'  th'  Mire." 

Uudibras,  Part  III.,  C.  3,  109-10. 

Page  105. 

1.  25.  "The  third  (error)  affirmcth  the  roots  of  mandrakes 
do  make  a  noise,  or  give  a  shriek  upon  eradication;  whicii  is 
indeed  ridiculous,  and  false  below  confute;  arising  perhaps 
from  a  small  and  stridulous  noise,  which,  being  firmly  rooted, 
it  maketh  upon  division  of  parts.  A  slender  foundation  for 
such  a  vast  conception:  for  such  a  noise  we  sometime  observe 
in  other  plants,  in  Parsnips,  Liquorish,  Eryngium,  Flags,  and 
others."  Sir  Thomas  Browne,  Common  and  Vulgar  Errors, 
Bk.  11,  Chapt.  VI. 

1.  28.     Epicene,  common  to  both   genders;    the  name  of  the 
Silent  Woman  is  Epicoene. 
Page  106.  .    ,    ^,      .... 

How  the  Commencement  Grows  New  occurs  m  both  editions 

215 


of  1651   and   in  all  subsequent  editions  with  the  exception  of 
the  Cleaveland  Revived. 

1.  1.     Coranto,  a  letter  or  paper  containing  public  news.    M. 

1.  3.  New  England  voyage:  Under  Laud's  oppressive  meas- 
ures, the  Puritans  were  in  despair.  "But  it  was  in  this  hour 
of  despair  that  the  Puritans  won  their  noblest  triumph.  They 
'turned,'  to  use  Canning's  words,  in  a  far  truer  and  grander 
sense  than  that  which  he  gave  to  them,  'they  turned  to  the  New 
World  to  redress  the  balance  of  the  Old.'  It  was  during  the 
years  which  followed  the  close  of  the  third  Parliament  of 
Charles  that  a  great  Puritan  migration  founded  the  States  of 
New  England."  Green's  History  of  the  English  People,  V, 
III.,  p.  167.  The  third  parliament  of  Charles  was  held  early  in 
1629;  Cleveland  took  his  B.  A.  in  1631,  and  so  from  this  passage 
it  may,  I  think,  legitimately  be  inferred  that  his  poem  was 
written  just  before  his  graduation,  or  immediately  after  it, 
at  least  in  the  interval  of  those  two  years,  when  he  was  still  a 
student  at  Christ's.  It  is  thus  an  early  example  of  his  satire, 
and,  consequenth^  perhaps,  it  is  very  obscure. 

I.  10.     Stammel,  red  in  color. 

1.  15.     Gaffer^  a  term  of  contempt  or  ridicule. 

1.  16.    The  Easter-book,  the  account  book  for  recording  the 
church  dues. 
Page  107. 

1.  20.     Toll-man  Barnaby  has  eluded  my  search. 

1.  26.  The  Margaret  Professorship  was  founded  by  Lady 
Margaret,  Countess  of  Richmond,  the  mother  of  Henry  the 
Seventh;  and  was  held  at  this  time  by  Dr.  Samuel  Ward,  ap- 
pointed Margaret  Professor  of  Divinity  1621. 

1.  29.     The  inceptor,  the  beginner,  modern  freshman{?), 

1.  30.  Grogoram,  stuff  woven  with  a  large  woof  and  a  rough 
pile.     J. 

1.  33.  "But  the:  greatest  alteration  was  in  their  Chappels, 
most  of  them  being  graced  with  the  accession  of  Organs."  Ful- 
ler's History  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  p.  167. 

1.  34.  Sellenger's  round,  a  contraction  from  St.  Leger's 
round,  a.  favorite  old  country  dance.  Halliwell,  "Whiles  thus 
they  tiplcd,  the  fidler  he  fulled,  and  the  pots  danced  for  joy 
the  old  hop  about,  commonly  called  Sellengar's  Round."  Bac- 
chus' Bountic,  1593,  Harl.  11,  301. 

1.  39.  Play-book  oaths,  compare  those  of  Captain  Bobadill 
in  Every  Man  in  His  Humour. 

21G 


Page  109, 

Square  Cap  occurs  in  two  of  the  five  editions  in  1647  and  in 
all   subsequent   editions   except   the   Cleaveland  Revived,   'i'his 
same  idea  is  in  the  Ballad  of  the  Caps^  Wit  and  Mirth,  or  Pills 
to  Purge  Melancholy,  V,  IV.,  p.  157. 
"For  any  Cap,  whate'er  it  be. 
Is  still  the  sign  of  some  degree." 
1.  2.    Hippocrene,  ittttou  Kprjvr/,  a  fountain  on  Mt.  Helicon. 
"O  for  a  breaker  full  of  the  warm  South, 
Full  of  the  true,  the  blushful  Hippocrene." 

Ode  to  a  Nightingale. 
1.  8.     Square-cap,  the  collegian.    The  cap  was  square  like  tiie 
modern   one. 

1.  9.     Monmouth-cap,  the  soldier. 

"The  soldiers  that  the  Monmouth  wear, 
On  Castle  tops  their  ensigns  rear." 

Ballad   to   the  Caps. 
"The  best  caps  were  formerly  made  at  Monmouth,  where  the 
Cappers  Chapel  doth  still  remain."     Fuller's  Worthies,  IV.,  50. 
For  this  reason  they  were  probably  adopted  for  the  army. 

1.  12.  Pottle,  a  measure  of  two  quarts,  Halliwell;  here  again 
not  used  literally. 

1.  15.  La-bee,  a  contraction  of  let  be;  i.  e.,  desist,  let  me 
alone.     Nichol's  note  in  his  Select  Poems,  V.  VII. 

1.  17.     Calot  Leather-cap,  the  sergeant  at  law.    The  calot  was 
the  small  cap  or  coif  worn  over  the  wig  by  this  class.     This 
verse   is   scarcely   successful  as   he   satirizes,  not   the  inherent 
characteristics,  but  the  mere  external  one. 
Page  110. 

1.  22.  Sir  Thomas  his  leas.  I  have  been  unable  to  identify 
Sir  Thomas,  but  presume  that  he  was  some  well-known  charac- 
ter on  whose  meadows  the  Cambridge  youth  played  foot-ball. 

I.  26.  Long  wasted.  Is  our  author  here  guilty  of  a  pun,  in- 
sinuating that  the  Puritan  had  a  physical  defect  in  addition  to 
a  moral  one? 

1.  33.     Satin-cap,  the  clergy. 

"The  satin  and  the  velvet  hive 
Into  a  bishopric  may  thrive." 

Ballad  of  the  Caps. 
I.  41.     The  laicyer. 

"The  lawyer's  cap  hath  heavenly  might 
To  make  a  crooked  action  straight." 

Ballad  of  the  Caps. 
217 


Page  111. 

1.  it).  Livery  and  aelsin,  delivery  and  possession;  a  legal  terir. 
wliich  here  scarcely  needs  explanation. 

"She  gladly  did  of  that  some  babe  accept, 
As  if  her  own  by  livery  and  seisure." 

Faerie  Queene,  Bk.  VI.,  C.  4,  37. 

1.  47.     John-a-Nokes,  see  note  to  p.  143,  1.  44. 

1.  48.     Impropriation,  see  note  to  p.  97,  1.  12. 
Page  112. 

Ui'ox  Princess  Elizabeth,  born  the  Night  before  New 
Year's  Day,  occurs  only  in  the  editions  of  1677,  1687,  and  1699. 
It  was  one  of  the  two  poems  added  by  Bishop  Lake,  The  Gen- 
eral Eclipse  being  the  other. 

Princess  Elizabeth  was  born  Dec.  28,  1638. 
Page  119. 

A  Dialogue  Between  Two  Zealots  Upon  the  &c.  in  the 
Oath,  occurs  in  all  editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived,  and 
in  the  Rumj)  Sonffs. 

1.  1.     Frieze,  showing  his  humble  origin. 

1.  2.     The  children's  threes. 

"That  there  may  be  a  distinction  made  between  clerks  of 
the  children's  threes,  and  stagers  of  the  long  twelves,  men  of 
the  tribe  of  Anack  in  their  profession,  and  tipplers  of  the 
stock  of  Benjamin,  whose  goose-quill  fancies  were  never  ele- 
vated beyond  the  Parnassus  of  a  green  nogging  in  their  mas- 
ter's absence:  it  is  therefore  proposed,  that  such  niffling  fellows 
be  distinguished  by  the  childish  wear  of  yellow  ribiiands,  from 
tlie  marshal  seniors  with  their  fiery  faces."  The  Proposals  of 
the  Committee  for  Rcf/ulatinfj  the  LaiCj  both  in  Sense,  Form, 
and  Practice  Communicated  to  Publick  View,  by  Especial  Or~ 
der  and  Command.    N.  D.,  Harl.  VI.,  528. 

L  7.  Shotten,  literally  like  a  fish  that  has  discharged  its 
spawn;  he  was  so  thin  that  his  soul  was  in  cuerpo  (without  a 
cloak,  B.)  just  as  his  body  actually  was. 

1.  12.     Conster,  old  form  of  construe. 

1.  20.  The  Puritans  claimed  that  the  Bible  was  sufficient 
authority  and  that  ecclesiastical  tradition  should  be  disregarded. 
Page  120. 

1.  30.     Sconce,  head. 

1.  34.  In  the  list  of  prodigies  which  happened  this  eventful 
year  there  is  no  mention  of  the  bloody  oysters. 

1.  35.  John  Booker,  an  astrologer,  born  in  Manchester,  who 
attained  great  fame  by  predicting  the  deaths  of  both  Gustavus 

218 


Adolphus  and  the  Elector  Palatine.    I  quote  from  Lilly's  Ili- 
tory  of  His  Life  and  Times,  Lond.,  1715: 

"In  the  years  1633  and  l(i33  John  Booker  became  famous  for 
a  prediction  of  his  upon  a  solar  eclipse  in  the  19th  degree  of 
Aries,  16(53,  talien  out  of  Leovitius  De  Mafjnis  Cunjunctiani- 
biis,  viz.:  'Oh,  Reges  et  Principes,'  etc.  Both  the  liinp;  of 
Bohemia  and  Gustavus  Adolphus,  king  of  Sweden,  dying  dur- 
ing the  effects  of  that  eclipse.  John  liooker  was  born  in  Man- 
chester, of  good  parentage,  in  the  year  ICOl.  .  .  .  He  was 
an  excellent  proficient  in  astrology,  whose  excellent  verses  upon 
the  twelve  months,  framed  according  to  the  configurations  of 
each  month,  being  blessed  with  success  according  to  his  pre- 
dictions, procured  him  much  rei)utation  all  over  England;  he 
was  a  very  honest  man,  abhorred  any  deceit  in  the  art  he 
studied;  had  a  curious  fancy  in  the  judging  of  thefts,  and  as 
successful  in  the  judging  of  love  questions;  he  was  no  mean 
proficient  in  astronomy;  he  understood  much  of  physics;  was  a 
great  admirer  of  the  antimonial  cup;  not  unlearned  in  chemis- 
try, which  he  loved  well  b>it  did  not  practice.  He  was  inclinetl 
to  diabetes,  and  in  the  last  three  years  of  his  life  was  afflicted 
with  a  dysentery,  whicli  at  last  consumed  him  to  nothing;  he 
died  of  good  fame  in  1667."    P.  33. 

"With  Almanacks 
Engrav'd  upon't,  with  other  knacks. 
Of  Booker's,  Lilly's,  Sarah  Jimmers." 

Hudibras,  Part  H.,  C.  1091-3. 

Page  120. 

1.  40.  Father  Garnet  is  Henry  Garnet,  superior  of  the  order 
of  Jesuits  in  England,  who  was  tried  for  complicity  in  the 
Gunpowder  Treason,  on  the  28th  of  March,  1606.  "This  trial, 
at  which  King  James  was  present  incognito,  doubtless  attracted 
very  general  notice;  and  the  allusion  to  his  gross  equivocation 
and  perjury  thus  recent,  and  probably  the  common  topic  of 
discourse,  must  have  been  instantly  understood  and  loudly  ap- 
plauded." Malone's  note  on  the  "porter  scene"  in  Macbeth. 
Page  121. 

1.  47.  Og,  see  note  p.  98,  1.  35. 

1.  48.  Skew-bald,  pie-bald;  still  used  in  this  sen?e  in  Che- 
shire, Nares,  citing  this  passage. 

1.  52.  Wee-bit,  wea-bit  or  way-bit,  is  a  word  used  m  the 
North  of  England,  where  if  you  ask  how  far  'tis  to  such  a 
place,  they  answer  a  mile  and  a  AVay-bit,  by  wliich  is  under- 

219 


ttood  a  mile  and  a  vantage,  or  a  mile  and  better.  I  find  it 
written  Wea-bit  in  Mr.  Cleveland's  Poems,  but  I  should  rather 
think  it  Way-bit ;  quasi,  a  bit  or  part  of  a  way.    B. 

1.  53.  God's  dh;i/crs^  finger-nails,  Ban-iere  and  Leland;  one 
of  the  fantastic  oaths  of  the  time. 

1.  58.     Cat  aline,  the  same  use  of  the  particular  for  the  gen- 
eral term,  as  in  the  case  of   Vatican;  Cataline  here  signifies, 
not  the  Roman  traitor,  but  general  destruction. 
Page  133. 

Smectymxuus,  or  the  Club-Divines  occurs  in  all  the  edi- 
tions except  the  Cleaveland  Revived,  and  in  the  Rump-Songs. 

1.  3.  Skilt,  signifies,  C.  Johnson  cites  this  passage  with  the 
remark,  "A  word  used  by  Cleveland  of  which  I  know  neither 
the  etymology  nor  the  meaning."  It  is  used  also  by  Herrick 
in  his  poem.  To  the  Passenger, 

"One  word  more  I  had  to  say: 
But  it  skills  not;  go  your  way." 

'PoUard's  edition,  823. 

1.  4.  Ap,  the  Welsh  prefix  meaning  son  of,  like  the  Scotch 
Mac.  Johnson,  reading  ape,  naturally  failed  to  grasp  the 
sense  of  the  passage !  "It  would  tire  a  Welshman  how  many 
aps  'tis  removed  from  an  annal."  The  Char,  of  a  London 
Diurnal. 

1.  19.  Don  Quixote  had  been  translated  into  English  as  early 
as  1612-20,  so  this  passage  does  not  mean  a  knowledge  of 
Spanish  on  the  part  of  Cleveland. 

1.  20.     Murnival,   four  cards  of  a  suit.    J.     Here  again  the 
word  is  extended  in  use  as  there  were  five  authors. 
Page  124. 

1.  25.  I  have;  not  succeeded  in  finding  any  other  reference 
to  the  Italian  monster. 

I.  29.  Biurbridge  Fair,  held  near  Cambridge;  in  Cooper  we 
find  a  number  of  allusions  to  it;  during  the  plague  years  it  was 
forced  to  be  closed,  etc. 

!.  34.  Gavelkind,  where  the  property  is  divided  equally 
among  the  children  in  contradiction  to  the  right  of  primogeni- 
ture. "Granting  that  we  had  none,  all  that  is  worth  having  in 
them  is  the  common  property  of  the  soul — an  estate  in  gravel- 
kind  for  all  the  sons  of  Adam — ."  Lowell's  Condescension  in 
Foreigners. 
Page  125. 

1.  65.    Prentices'  Petition;  "in  the  end,  a  petition  was  pub- 
220 


lished,  in  the  name  'of  the  apprentices  and  those  whose  appren- 
ticeships were  lately  expired,'  in  and  about  the  city  of  Ixindon. 
.  .  .  showing  that  they  found  by  experience,  both  their  own 
and  their  masters'  tradings,  the  beginning  of  great  misciiicfs 
coming  upon  them,  to  nip  them  in  the  bud,  wlicn  they  were 
first  entering  into  the  world;  the  cause  of  which  they  could 
attribute  to  no  others  but  the  papists,  and  the  prelates,  and 
that  malignant  party  which  adhered  to  them:  that  they  stood 
solemnly  engaged  with  the  utmost  of  their  lives  and  fortunes 
to  defend  his  sacred  majesty  and  roj^al  issue  together  witli  the 
rights  and  liberties  of  parliaments  against  papists  and  popish 
innovations;  such  as  archbishops,  bishops  and  their  dependents 
appear  to  be.  .  .  .  This  and  such  stuff  lieing  printed  and 
scattered  amongst  the  people;  multitudes  of  mean  people 
flocked  to  Westminster-hall,  and  about  the  lords'  house  crying, 
as  they  went  up  and  down,  'Xo  bishops,  no  bishops'  that  so 
they  might  carry  the  reformation."     Clarendon  V.  I.,  p,  481-2. 

1.  52.  Smec,  this  contemptuous  abbreviation  was  adopted  by 
Butler. 

"Canonical  Crabat  of  Smeck."    Hudibras,  P.  1,  C.  3,  1166. 

"All  that  to  Legion  Smec  adhered."  Hudibras,  P.  11,  C.  2, 
524. 

1.  57.  I  know  no  more  of  Robson  and  French  than  is  here 
given. 

I.  63.     Caligula,  see  Suetonius,  Life  of  Caligula. 
Page  126. 

1.  73-78.  Grey's  comment  on  this  passage  is  as  follows: 
"Nay,  he  (Cleveland),  joins  it  with  the  cant  word  Smectymnuus, 
(the  Club  Divines)  and  says,  'The  banes  of  marriage  were 
asked  between  them— that  the  Convocation  and  the  Commons 
were  to  be  the  guests;  and  that  the  priest,  Mosley,  or  Santa 
Clara,  were  to  tie  the  foxes'  tails  together.  Could  anything 
be  said  more  severe  and  satyrical?"  The  allusion  of  the  foxes' 
tails  is  to  Judges  15,  4-7. 

1.  84.  Conclave,  the  Romish  assembly  of  cardinals;  con- 
venticle, the  assembly  of  Puritans. 

1.  90.       Bilked,  cheated. 

"Bilked  stationers  for  yeomen  stood  prepared." 

Drvdcn's  'Murbipcknop^  104. 

1.  95.  The  Queen  Mother,  Henrietta  Maria  was  tiie  daughter 
of  the  French  king  and  consequently  a  Catholic.  The  fear  of 
her  ivflnence  over^the  easy  mind  of  her  husband  was  constant- 
ly present  to  the  Puritans. 


Page  127. 

Upon  the  King's  Return  from  Scotland  occurs  only  in  the 
1677,  '87,  and  '99  editions  and  in  the  Cleaveland  Revived. 
Page  128. 

1.  20.  Commendam,  trust;  it  is  an  ecclesiastical  metaphor, 
meaning  the  intrusting  of  a  benefice,  left  vacant,  to  an  as- 
sistant. 

1.  23.     Cacus,  an   Italian   shepherd,   robbed   Hercules   of  his 
cattle  and   concealed  their  tracks   by   dragging   them  into  the 
cave  by  their  tails. 
Page  130. 

RuPEHTisMUs  is  included  in  all  editions  except  the  Cleave- 
land Revived,  and  in  the  1687  and  1699  it  was  published  twice. 

1.  5.     Cacus,  see  note  p.  128,  1.  23. 

1.  9.  Huntington  colt, — these  allusions  to  forgotten  events 
are  hard  to  identify  and  harder  to  understand.  The  only  al- 
lusion to  this  which  I  have  found  is:  "Yesterday  the  colt,  for- 
merly drowned  at  Huntington  and  taken  up  at  the  great  charge 
and  pains  of  the  mayor  and  recorder,  was  voted  a  sturgeon, 
neniine  contradicente:  and,  it  was  ordered,  that  serjeant  Ber- 
nard have  the  next  sturgeon  to  his  own  use;  any  grant  or  pre- 
scription to  others,  notwithstanding."  The  Acts  and  Monuments 
of  our  Late  Parliament;  or,  a  Collection  of  the  Acts,  Orders, 
Votes,  and  Resolves,  that  have  passed  in  the  House.  By: 
Samuel  Butler,  Author  of  Hudibras.  London:  Printed  ac- 
cording to  order,  1659;  and  reprinted  this  year,  1710.  Harl., 
V.  422. 

I.  11.  Henry  Elsyng  was  born  in  Surrey  and  became  a  com- 
moner at  Christ's  Church,  Oxford,  1622.  After  traveling  seven 
years  he  won  the  favor  of  Laud,  who  succeeded  in  making 
him  Clerk  of  the  Commons  in  the  Long  Parliament.  In  this 
place  "his  fair  and  temperate!  carriage  made  him  commended 
and  esteemed  l)y  all  parties  how  furious  and  opposite  soever 
they  were  among  themselves."  AVood's  Athenae,  V.  I.,  177. 
He  resigned  at  the  death  of  the  King,  and  died  of  "many  in- 
firmities of  body  occasioned  by  sedentariness,  some  distresses 
of  his  family,  and  by  a  deep  melancholy  for  the  sufferings  and 
loss  of  his  Sovereign"  in  1654.  He  was  certainly  of  the  moderate 
party,  which  accounts  for  the  attitude  of  Cleveland,  who  saw 
more  clearly  the  future  course  of  events. 

1.  18.  It  was  the  custom  to  ring  the  bells  backward  to  give 
the  alarm  for  fire,  etc.     The  same  metaphor  is  used  p.  146,  5. 

223 


Here  there  is  no  alarm  but  merely  descriptive  of  the  inversion 
of  natural  order. 
Page  131. 

1.  20.  This  is  the  constant  charge  against  the  Puritans,  that 
while  apparently  they  were  above  a  lie,  in  reality  truth  was 
not  in  them  because  they  could  reconcile  it  with  their  con- 
science by  a  verbal  quibble,  or  equivocation.  Compare  the 
conversation  between  Hudibras  and  Ralpho,  much  too  long  to 
quote,  in  which  the  Knight  argues  that  he  is  not  bound  by  the 
promise  which  he  made  to  the  widow.  Hudibras,  Part  II.,  C.  2,  . 
55  and  ff.     See  also  the  Cutter  of  Coleman  Street. 

1.  22.  "A  conceit  there  is,  that  the  Devil  commonly  appear- 
eth  with  a  cloven  hoof:  wherein  although  it  seem  excessively 
ridiculous,  there  may  be  somewhat  of  truth;  and  the  ground 
thereof  at  first  might  be  his  frequent  appearing  in  the  shape 
of  a  goat,  which  answers  that  description,"  etc.  Common  and 
Vulgar  Errors,  Bk.  V.,  222. 

1.  31.  Bilbo  blade,  from  Bilboa,  a  City  of  Biscay,  in  Spain, 
where  the  best  blades  are  made.    B. 

1.  35.  The  siege  of  Carthage  in  B.  C.  146. 
1.  39.  "Now,  therefore,  he  that  would  destroy  the  report  of 
Powder  must  work  upon  the  Petre;  he  that  would  exchange  the 
colour  must  think  how  to  alter  the  Small-coal.  For  the  one,  that 
is,  to  make  white  Powder,  it  is  surely  many  ways  feasible:  Tht^ 
best  I  know  is  by  the  powder  of  rotten  Willows.  ...  As 
for  the  other,  that  is  to  destroy  the  report,  it  is  reasonably  at- 
tempted but  two  ways,  either  by  quite  leaving  out,  or  else  by 
silencing  the  Salt-Petre.  .  .  .  That  it  may  thus  be  made 
without  Salt-Petre,  I  have  met  with  but  one  example,  that  is,  of 
Alphonsus  Duke  of  Ferrara.  ...  For  this  much  is  report- 
ed of  that  famous  Powder  of  Alphonsus,  which  was  not  of 
force  enough  to  kill  a  chicken."  Common  and  Vulgar  Errors. 
B.  II.,  p.  6T. 

1  42.  Wharton,  Philip,  fourth  Lord,  was  twenty-nme  years 
old  at  the  assembling  of  the  Long  Parliament  and  had  had 
Puritan  convictions  ever  since  he  had  had  any.  He  was  one 
of  the  Parliament's  generals. 

I.  45.  Essex,  Robert  Devereux,  third  Earl,  one  of  he  mo.t 
prominent  figures  on  the  Parliamentary  side.  Clarendon 
speaks  of  him  in  1639,  as  being  "the  most  popu  ar  man  of  the 
kingdom,  and  the  darling  of  the  swordmen  '  Then  he  mfe  s 
that  Essex  was  persuaded  to  join  the  Parliament  through  his 

223 


love  of  flattery  and  from  the  fact  that  he  had  been  slighted 
by  the  king.  Tliis  was  the  cavalier  statement.  Masson,  V.  II., 
p.  153-4,  epitomizes  his  life  to  the  opening  of  the  Long  Par- 
liament as  follows:  "Already  known  tc  us  as  Lieut.-General 
of  the  King's  forces  in  the  first  Scottish  war,  this  nobleman, 
now  aetat.  48,  could  look  back  upon  a  life  calculated  to  make 
any  man  grave  and  reserved.  Restored,  in  his  childhood,  by 
James  to  the  honours  of  his  beheaded  father,  Elizabeth's  cele- 
brated Essex,  he  had  been  educated  at  Eton  and  Oxford,  had 
been  a  companion  of  the  popular  Prince  Henry  'in  his  books 
and  the  great-horse  exercise,'  and  had  travelled  abroad.  Re- 
turning in  his  early  youth  to  marry,  according  to  arrange- 
ment, the  young  Frances  Howard,  daughter  of  the  Earl  of 
Suffolk,  he  had  experienced  a  fate  which  made  him  the  pity 
of  England.  There  was  the  loathing  of  his  bride,  the  lover 
of  the  King's  Scottish  favorite.  Viscount  Rochester,  after- 
ward Earl  of  Somerset;  there  was  the  horrible  notoriety  of  the 
proceedings  for  a  divorce,  and  there  was  the  divorce  itself  in 
1613.  'Perceiving  how  little  he  was  beholding  to  Venus,'  he  had 
gone  abroad  to  'address  himself  to  the  Court  of  Mars';  and  he 
was  serving  in  the  Lov/  Countries  when  England  was  again 
ringing  with  the  name  of  his  divorced  wife,  then  on  her  trial, 
together  with  her  new  husband,  Somerset,  for  Sir  Thomas 
Overbury"s  murder.  He  remained  abroad  for  the  most  part 
while  the  condemned  couple  were  in  prison;  from  which  James 
released  them  in  1624.  It  was  while  he  was  serving  in  the 
Palatine  war  that  he  became  imbued  with  those  Calvinistic 
principles  which  he  professed  for  the  rest  of  his  life.  After 
his  return  he  had  ventured  on  a  second  marriage  (1630-1)  with 
the  daughter  of  a  Wiltshire  knight.  This  marriage,  however, 
was  speedily  followed  by  a  separation  on  the  same  ground 
that  had  been  pleaded  by  the  first  wife.  .  .  .  Despite  the 
nature  of  his  misfortunes,  no  man  was  more  popular  or  more 
respected.  He  was  somewhat  'stern  and  solemn'  in  appear- 
ance, but  'affable  and  gentle'  enough;  with  no  gift  of  elo- 
quence but  of  superior  abilities." 

The  plea  for  the  divorce  in  both  cases  was  on  the  ground 
of  impotency,  which  is  the  explanation  of  the  taunt  in  our 
text.  In  the  Character  of  a  London  Diurnal  Cleveland  insinu- 
ates that  Essex  is  but  a  figure  head  of  a  commander.  These 
attacks  arose  from  the  fact  that  Essex  was  appointed  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  Parliamentary  army. 

22i 


Page  132. 

1.  49.     Green-sickness,  see  p.  79,  1.  26. 

1.  56.     Super  fetation,  a  conception  upon  conception. 

1.  68.     The  Swede  is  Gustavus  Adolphus 
Page  133. 

1.  74.  The  Public  Faith;  the  Parliament  forcibly  borrowed 
money  "on  the  Public  Faith,"  the  payment  of  which,  so  tlic 
Cavaliers  asserted,  was  as  distant  as  doomsday.  Fletcher  has 
a  whole  poem  devoted  to  satirizing  it,  as: 

"In  brief  'tis  called  religion's  ease  or  loss, 
For  no  one's  suffered  here  to  beare  his  cross." 

Ex  Otio  Negotium,  p.  131. 
Butler  attacks  it: 

"What  was  the  Public  Faith  found  out  for. 
But  to  slur  men  of  what  they  fought  for? 
The  Public  Faith,  which  ev'ry  one 
Is  bound  t'  observe,  yet  kept  by  none; 
And  if  that  go  for  nothing,  why 
Should  Private  Faith  have  such  a  Tye?" 

Hudibras,  P.  II.,  C.  2,  191-196. 

I.  75.  Pandora  was  created  by  Hephaestus  at  the  comnumd 
of  Zeus  and  was  endowed  with  beauty,  wit,  etc.  As  llupcrt 
has  all  these,  he  is  Pandora's  brother. 

1.  79.  Isaac  and  his  citz;  "Their  Trusty  Lord  JIayor  of  Lon- 
don, Isaac  Pennington,  who  was  again  chosen  to  serve  another 
year,  so  bestirred  himself  .  .  .  that  there  was  no  more  im- 
portunity or  interposition  from  the  City  of  Peace;  but,  in- 
stead thereof,  an  Overture  and  Declaration  from  divers,  under 
the  style  of  well  affected  persons,  'That  they  would  advance 
a  considerable  number  of  soldiers,  for  the  supply  and  recruit 
of  the  Parliament  forces;  and  would  Arm,  Maintain,  and  Pay 
them  for  several  Months,  or  during  the  times  of  danger,  and 
distractions;  provided  that  they  might  have  the  Public  Faitli 
of  the  Kingdom  for  payment  of  all  such  Sums  of  Money,  wliicli 
they  should  so  advance  by  way  of  Loan."  Clarendon,  1731,  p. 
262.  Pennington  and  others  also  were  empowered  to  levy 
contributions  throughout  the  city. 

"Then  you'll  confess  your  selves  to  've  been  undone 
By  Public  Faith's  man,  Isaack  Pennington." 

Rump  Songs,  Pt.  I.,  p.  100. 
225 


"Farewell  little  Isaack,  with  hey,  with  hey, 
Farewell  little  Isaack,  with  hoc. 

Thou  hast  made  us  all,  like  Asses, 
Part  with  our  Plate,  and  drink  in  Glasses, 
Whilst  thou  growst  rich  with  2s.  Passes, 
With  hey,  trolly,  lolly,  loe." 

Mump  Songs,  Pt.  I.,  p.  91. 
Page  134. 

1.  95.  The  diurnal  was  the  precursor  of  our  daily  paper, 
and  it  was  used  in  the  interest  of  the  Parliament.  Cleveland 
has  devoted  two  prose  satires  to  it  and  its  makers,  from  which 
I  have  already  quoted  in  the  introduction.  It  had  an  aggra- 
vating way  of  claiming  victories  which  were  defeats,  and  some- 
times of  celebrating  battles  which  were  never  fought. 
"Diurnals  writ  for  regulation 
Of  lying  to  inform  the  Nation." 

Hudibras,  P.  II.,  C.  1,  57-8. 
1.  106.    This   line   suggests    Carew's   most    infelicitous    com- 
parison: 

"Else  the  soul  grew  so  fast  within 
It  broke  the  outward  shell  of  sin. 
And  so  was  hatch'd  a  Cherubin." 
The  inscription  on  the  tomb  of  Lady  Mary  Wentworth,  p.  53, 
Carew's  Poems,  ed.  Ebsworth. 

1.  109.  Mount  Athos,  a  mountain  on  the  end  of  a  peninsula 
in  IMacedonia.  This  scheme  is  thus  mentioned  in  Real — En- 
cyclopadie  der  Classischen  Altertumswissenschaft;  "Nur  als 
Curiosum  mag  endlich  das  angebliche  Project  angefiihrt  sein, 
den  Berg  in  eine  Statue  Alexanders  d.  Gr.  umzugestalten,  eine 
Nachricht,  deren  anekdotenhafter  Charakter  shon  aus  dem 
Swanken  liber  den  Urheber  des  wunderlichen  Planes  erhellt." 
"They  try  like  statuaries,  if  they  can 
Carve  out  each  other's  Athos,  to  a  man." 

Marwell's  Character  of  Holland. 
Page  135. 

1.  116.  Falstaff's  buckram  men.  Act  II.,  Sc.  IV.,  King 
Henry  IV.,  First  Part. 

1.  123-4.  Sir  Thomas  Lunsford,  "a  man,  though  of  ancient 
family  in  Sussex,  was  of  a  very  smali  and  decayed  fortune, 
and  of  no  good  education;  having  been  few  years  before  com- 
pelled to  fly  the  kingdom,  to  avoid  the  hand  of  justice  f'^r 
some  riotous  misdemeanour,  by  reason  whereof  he  spent  some 

226 


time  in  the  service  of  the  King  of  PVance,  where  he  got  the 
reputation  of  a  man  of  courage,  and  a  good  officer  of  foot 
and  in  the  beginning  of  the  troubles  here  had  some  command 
in  the  king's  army,  but  so  much  inferior  to  many  others,  and 
was  so  little  known,  except  upon  the  disadvantage  of  an  ill 
character  that  in  the  most  dutiful  time  the  jiromution  (to  the 
Lieutenancy  of  the  Tower)  would  have  ajjpeared  very  un- 
grateful." Clarendon,  p.  511.  It  was  part  of  the  Puritan  plan 
to  raise  frightful  rumors  against  unpopular  characters,  and 
the  unfortunate  Lunsford  was  thus  labeled  as  a  cannibal. 
Butler  says, 

"Made  children,  with  your  tones  to  run  for  't. 
As  bad  a  Bloody-Bones,  or  Lunsford." 

Hmlihras,  Part  III.,  C.  2. 

1.  126.  Pym,  John;  the  character  of  Pym,  the  great  leader, 
"King  Pym"  is  so  well  known  that  no  note  is  necessary.  See 
Clarendon,  Masson,  and  Gardiner. 

1.  133.  The  allusion  to  the  Countess  has  escaped  me,  unless 
it  be  another  attack  upon  Essex.  Amsterdam  had  opened  her 
door  to  all  religions. 

"Hence  Amsterdam  Turk-Christian-Pagan-Jew, 
Staple  of  sects,  and  mint  of  schism  grew." 

Marvell's  Character  of  Holland,  71-2. 

1.  138.  It  was  the  common  accusation  that  Pym  invented 
plots  to  discover  them.  Clarendon,  pp.  369-72,  says:  "It  being 
always  their  custom  when  they  found  the  heat  and  distemper 
of  the  house  in  any  degree  allayed  by  some  gracious  act  or 
gracious  profession  of  the  king,  to  warm  and  inflame  them 
again  with  a  discovery  or  a  promise  of  a  discovery  of  some 
notable  plot  and  conspiracy  against  themselves,  'to  dissolve 
the  Parliament  by  the  papists,'  or  some  other  way,  in  which 
they  would  be  sure  that  somewhat  always  should  reflect  upon 
the  court  .  .  .  which  upon  examination  always  vanished; 
but  for  the  time  .  .  .  served  to  transport  conmion  minds 
with  fears  and  apprehensions,  and  so  induced  them  to  comply 
in  sense  with  those  who  were  like  soonest  to  fuid  remedies  for 
those  diseases  which  none  but  themselves  could  discover." 
These  lines  may  apply  particularly  to  the  Army  Plot,  as  in 
speaking  of  it  Clarendon  remarks:  "This  was  no  sooner  known 
than  it  gave  credit  and  reputation  to  Mr.  Pym's  vigilance  and 
activity." 
Page  136. 

I.  144.     ^jV  Arthur.     Sir  Arthur  Hazelrig,  who  seems,  from 
227 


Clarendon's   account,  lo  liave  been  the  tool  of  more  powc"i\.l 
minds. 

1.  153.  Glyn.  John  Glyn,  a  prominent  lawyer  in  the  Long 
Parliament  and  one  of  Strafford's  accusers  on  the  part  of  the 
Commo:.s;  subsequently  he  was  a  member  of  the  Westminster 
Ai;senil;ly,  a  supporter  of  Cromwell  and  lived  to  the  Restora- 
tion. 

Mai/nard.  Sir  John  Maynard,  a  member  of  the  Long  Parlia- 
ment, of  the  Westminster  Assembly,  and  also  an  accuser  of 
Strafford. 

"Did  not  the  learned  Glynne  and  Maynard 
To  prove  true  subjects  traytors  straine  hard?" 
An  unpublished  couplet  of  Hudibras  quoted  by  Aubry,  V.  I., 

p.  137. 

>\  ilh  regard  to  the  whole  passage,  compare  Butler's  trial  by 
proxy,  Hudibras,  P.  IL,  C.  2,  413-436. 

1.  157.  'Jhere  is  a  celebrated  fresco  on  this  subject  by  Mas- 
saccio  in  the  chapel  of  the  Brancacci  in  Santa  Croce,  Florence. 
Page  137. 

1.  161.     See  note  p.  64,  78. 

1.  170.  Phylacteries  were  also  scrolls  or  frontlets  of  parch- 
ment, having  the  commandments  of  God  written  in  them,  which 
the  Pharisees  wore  about  their  heads  and  arras.  B.  Matthew, 
23-5. 

1.  180.  Edward  Montagu,  second  Earl  of  Manchester,  "Vis- 
count Mandeville  and  also  Lord  Kinbolton,  in  the  Long  Par- 
liament, and  the  Westminster  Assembly,  prominent  as  a  Puri- 
tan and  as  such  quarrelled  with  Cromwell.  Lived  until  the 
Restoration.  Clarendon  says  of  him:  "The  Lord  Mandeville, 
eldest  son  to  the  lord  privy-seal,  was  a  person  of  great  civility 
and  very  well  bred  ...  he  married  the  daughter  of  the 
Earl  of  Warwick;  a  man  in  no  grace  at  court,  and  looked 
upon  as  the  greatest  patron  of  the  Puritans.  .  .  .  From 
this  later  marriage  the  Lord  Mandeville  totally  estranged  him- 
self from  the  court  .  .  .  that  lord,  to  support  and  the  bet- 
ter to  hnprove  that  popularity,  living  at  a  much  higher  rate 
than  the  narrow  exhibition  allowed  to  him  by  his  wary  father 
could  justify,  making  up  the  rest  by  contracting  a  great  debt, 
which  long  lay  heavy  upon  him;  by  which  generous  way  of 
living,  and  by  his  natural  civility,  good  manners  and  good  na- 
ture, which  flowed  toward  all  men,  he  was  universally  accepted 
and  beloved  and  no  man  more  in  the  confidence  of  the  discon- 
tented and  factious  party  than  he,  and  to  whom  the  whole  mass 

298 


of  their  designs  as  well  what  remaliicd   in  chaos  as  what  w.is 
formed,  was  more  entirely  communicated  and  more  consulted 
with."    Bk.  III.,  287. 
Page  139. 

Upon  Sir  Thomas  Martin  occurs  in  both  editions  of  1G51 
and  in  all  subsequent  editions  except  the  Cleaveland  Revived. 

1.  1.  Fence  apiece,  a  proverbial  expression  common  in  Eng- 
land; see  the  discussion  in  Second  Series  of  A'utes  and  Queries. 

1.  3.  Tympany,  a  disease  wherein  the  body  waxing  Icaiic, 
the  belly  swels  up,  having  great  store  of  winde  and  wiiid-.- 
humours  gathered  together  between  its  inner  skin  and  the  guts 
which  being  smitten  with  the  hand  makes  a  noise  like  a  Tal.o.-. 
B.  In  this  case  1  think  it  is  used  as  an  adjective,  practically 
synonymous  with  the  swelling  in  the  line  before.  "A  tympany 
of  swelling  factions"  is  Racket's  phrase  in  his  Life  of  Arch- 
bishop Williams,  Part  II.,  p.  71. 

1.  4.  The  lecturer's  wrought  cap  shows  him  to  have  been  a 
Puritan,  as  in  the  poem  of  Square  Cap. 

1.  6.  Tredescant.  "John  Tredescant  was  a  Dutchman,  born 
toward  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century.  He  was  appointed 
gardener  to  Charles  II.  (a  misprint  for  Charles  I.)  in  I(,i'), 
and  he  and  his  son  naturalized  many  rare  plants  in  England. 
Besides  botanical  specimens  he  collected  all  sorts  of  curiosi- 
ties, and  opened  a  museum  which  he  called  'Tredescant's  AiU  ' 
In  1656,  four  years  after  his  death,  his  son  published  a  cata- 
logue of  the  collection  under  the  title.  Museum  Tradescunli- 
anum;  or  a  collection  of  rarities  preserved  at  South  Lamtielh, 
near  London,  by  John  Tredescant.  After  the  son's  death  the 
collection  passed  into  the  hands  of  Ashmole,  and  became  ilic 
nucleus  of  the  present  Ashniolcan  Museum  at  Oxford."  Pol- 
lard's note  in  his  Herrick,  on  the  line, 

"Then,  next,  to  match  Tradescant's  curious  shells." 

Epig.,  670. 

I.  7.  Gog  and  Magog.  Gog  by  interpretation  of  the  Hel)rcv/ 
word  is  tectus,  covered;  and  Magog  is  uncovered.  In  Scrip- 
ture are  understood  certain  nations,  (some  Expositors  take  them 
to  be  the  Aquilone,  Scythians,  Iberians,  and  Muscovites),  or 
Princes  that  with  their  Nations  shall  more  fiercely  than  others 
concur  with  Antichrist  in  persecuting  the  Church  of  Christ.  B. 
The  phrase  first  appears  in  the  38th  and  39th  chapters  of 
Ezekiel,  where  Gog  is  evidently  the  wicked  ruler  of  the  land 
of  Magog;  Rev.  20,  8,  joins  the  two  in  equality:  "Satan  shall 
be  loosed  out  of  his  prison  and  shall   go  out  to   deceive  tl.c 

229 


nations  which  are  in  the  four  quarters  of  the  earth,  Gog  and 
Magog,  to  gather  them  together  to  battle;  the  number  of  whom 
is  as  the  sand  of  the  sea."  Gog  and  Magog  are  the  names  of 
the  colossal  figures  in  the  Guildhall,  the  originals  of  which  were 
carried  in  the  Lord  Mayor's  Procession;  they  were  popularly 
supposed  to  be  opposing  champions,  so  here  we  find  the  anti- 
thesis of  our  line.  Thus  there  is  the  double  signification  in 
Cleveland's  use. 

1.  11,  Issachar.  "Issachar  is  a  strong  ass  couching  down  be- 
tween two  burdens."    Genesis,  49,  14. 

"Is  it  possible  that  you,  whose  ears 
Are  of  the  Tribe  of  Issachar's." 

Hudibras,  .Epistle  to  Sidrophel,  9-10. 

1.  14.  Valentine  and  Orson.  A  romance  of  the  Charlemagne 
cycle  written  during  the  reign  of  Charles  VIII.,  and  first 
printed  at  Lyons,  1495.  C.  An  interlude  of  this  name  was 
given,  1595,  a  play  in  1598,  and  one  in  1600;  so  it  was  popular. 
Of  the  two  brothers,  Valentine  was  polished  from  his  court 
life,  and  his  twin  Orson  was  gauche  from  his   forest  training. 

1.  16.  Voider;  great  broad  dishes  to  carry  away  the  remain- 
ders from  a  meat  table;  also  a  term  in  Heraldry.     B. 

1.  18.     Windsor's  Hospital.    I  do  not  know  the  allusion. 
Page  140. 

1.  22.  Smec,  see  poem  p.  123;  this  dates  the  poem  as  cer- 
tainly written  after  May,  1640. 

1.  25.  Metal  on  metal;  the  two  heraldic  metals  were  gold  and 
silver.  As  I  have  not  been  able  to  find  Godfrey  of  Bouillon's 
coat  of  arms,  I  can  give  no  opinion  as  to  the  truth  of  these 
statements;  however,  in  any  case,  the  sense  is  perfectly  clear. 

1.  29.  Priscian^  a  celebrated  grammarian  of  the  sixth  cen- 
tury; thus  used  proverbially  for  bad  grammar. 

"And  hold  no  sin  so  deeply  red. 
As  that  of  breaking  Priscian's  head." 

Hudibras,  Part   II.,  C.   2,   223. 

1.  29-30.  Caesar.  By  forming  the  first  Triumvirate,  Julius 
Cx'sar  was  elected  Consul,  B.  C,  60.  The  aristocracj'^  succeeded 
in  joining  with  him  in  the  office  M.  Bibulus.  Caesar,  however, 
was  so  strong  that  he  rendered  Bibulus  a  mere  cipher,  and 
after  carrying  an  agrarian  law  for  the  division  of  the  Campa- 
nian  lands,  Bilnilus  shut  himself  up  in  his  own  house  and  did 
not  appear  again  in  public   until   after  the  expiration  of  his 

230 


ieim.     Consequently  this  consulship  is  known  as  the  Consulbhin 
of  Julius  and  Caesar. 
Page  142. 

The  Mixed  Assembly  occurs  in  all  editions  except  the 
Cleaveland  Revived  and  in  the  Rump  Songs.  It  was  also  bit- 
terly satirized  by  Birkenhead  in  prose. 

1.  2.  Ana,  a  barbarous  word  used  by  Physicians  and  signi- 
fies of  every  one  a  little  quantity.    B. 

1.  4,  Woolpack,  anything  bulky  without  weight.  J.  (citing 
this  passage.) 

1.  13.    Jacob's  flock,  Genesis,  30,  37. 

1.  15.     Impropriator,  see  note  to  p.  97,  12. 

1.  19.  Royston  crows,  ".  .  .  is  fabled  of  two  crows,  hop- 
ping on  the  seashore,  where  shell  fish  were,  which  tiiey  liked 
but  knew  not  how  to  open  them  till  the  Royston  crow  (which 
was  cunning  as  E— ),  advised  the  plain  country  crow  (wiiich 
I  shall  compare  to  S— ,)  to  fly  up  very  high  with  the  shellfish 
in  his  bill  and  let  it  fall  on  the  rocks,  and  it  would  open, 
which  the  country  crow  did;  but  no  sooner  lets  she  the  fish 
fall  than  it  opened,  but  the  Royston  crow  picked  the  fish  out 
of  the  shell  before  the  country  crow  got  down."  Oldys'  Cata- 
logue of  Pamphlets  in  the  Harleian  Library,  p.  445. 
Page  143. 

1.  29.     Isaac,  see  note  p.  133,  79. 

1.  30.     Judge  of  damnation  and  election. 

1.  41.  The  flea  that  Falstaf  damned.  .  .  .  "Boy  .  .  . 
Do  you  not  remember,  'a  saw  a  flea  stick  upon  Bardolph's  nose 
and  'a  said  it  was  a  black  soul  burning  in  hell?"  King  Henry, 
v..  Act  II.,  sc.  3. 

1.  44.  John-a-stiles  and  John-a-nokes,  like  Richard  Roe  and 
John  Doe,  imaginary  characters  used  by  young  lawyers  in  their 
cases.  Spectator,  577,  contains  a  petition  supposedly  from  these 
two  gentlemen,  praying  that  they  may  at  last  be  allowed  to 
rest. 

"A  law  that  most  unjustly  j'okes 
All  Johns  of  Stiles,  to  Joans  of  Nokes." 

Hudibras,  Part  III.,  C.  1,  615-6. 

"From  Stile's  Pocket,  into  Noakes's." 

Hudibras,  Part  III.,  C.  3,  715. 

1.  46.  Neck-verse,  the  benefit  of  the  clergj-.  A  verse  in 
some  Latin  book  in  the  Gothic  l)lack  letter  (usually  Psalm  1  ii.) 
was  formerly  held  before  the  criminal  who  claimed  the  benefit 

2r.i 


of  the  clergy  in  order  to  test  his  ability  to  read;  thus  he  saved 
his  neck  by  the  verse;  also  Jews  could  scarcely  claim  the  bene- 
fit of  the  clergy  and  so  would  be  distinguished  from  the  Chris- 
tians. 

"And  if  they  cannot  read  one  verse 
r  th'  Psalms." 

Iludibras,  Part  III.,  C.  1,  55-6. 
1.  52.    Linseywoolsey,  vile,  mean.    J. 

"A  lawless  Linsie-Woolsie  Brother, 
Half  of  one  order,  half  of  another." 

Hudibras,  Part  I.,  C.  3,  1227-8. 
Page  144. 

1.  53.  Pembroke,  Philip  Herbert,  first  Earl  of  Montgomery 
and,  in  1630,  fourth  Earl  of  Pembroke,  was  one  of  the  favorites 
of  James  from  his  beauty.  He  was  a  commander  of  a  regiment 
in  the  first  Bishojis'  War,  and  in  the  upper  house  of  the  Long 
Parliament.  He  declared  for  the  Parliament  and  was  a  lay 
member  of  the  Westminster  Assembly.  He  died  in  January, 
1650.  "He  had  been  bred  from  his  cradle  in  the  court,  and  had 
that  perfection  of  a  courtier  that  as  he  was  not  wary  enough 
in  offending  men,  so  he  was  forwarded  in  acknowledging  it, 
even  to  his  inferiors,  and  to  impute  it  to  his  passion  and  ask 
pardon  for  it,  which  made  him  be  thought  a  very  well-natured 
man.  .  .  .  There  were  very  few  great  persons  in  authority 
who  were  not  frequently  offended  by  him,  by  sharp  and  scanda- 
lous discourses  and  invectives  against  them  behind  their  backs 
for  which  they  found  it  best  to  receive  satisfaction  by  submis- 
sions and  professions  and  protestations.  ..."  Clarendon, 
Bk.  VII.,  1325. 

As  his  temper  was  so  high  that  the  Parliament  sent  him  to 
the  Tower  for  using  his  white  staff  as  a  cudgel,  there  is  little 
doubt  but  that  his  swearing  was  not  affected  by  them. 
Page  145. 

1.  79.     Sadness,  of  course,  in  the  older  meaning  of  gravity, 
sobriety. 

1.  88.     GalUard,  there  are  two  distinct  meanings  to  this  worti: 
(a)  a  lively  dance  of  two  or  more: 

"The  Irish  will  a  voyage  take, 
To  join  their  force  in  one; 
And  whilst  they  frisk  a  galliard  make 
The  Houses  sing,  'O'Hone.'  " 

History  of  the  English  Rebellion,  London.  1661. 
232 


(b)  a  gay  fellow,  a  man  of  fashion.  J.  and  C.  citing  this  pas- 
sage alone  as  the  example,  and  M.  citing  tiiis  and  otiiers.  It  is 
with  hesitation  that  I  venture  to  disagree  with  the  eminent 
authority  of  the  N.  E.  D.,  but  in  this  case  it  is  clearly  the  first 
and  not  the  second  meaning.  The  point  of  tlie  passage  is  that 
Selden  does  not  dance  with  any  one  because  he  is  so  learned 
that  he  is  worth  a  number  of  lesser  lights.  "There's  more  di- 
vines in  him  than  in  all  this.  ..."  Gallia rd  is  then  used 
in  the  same  sense  as  on  p.  96,  57. 
Page  146. 

The  Rebel  Scot  is  the  only  poem  which  appears  in  all  edi- 
tions. 

I.  5.     Bells  ringing  backward,  see  note  to  p.  130,  18. 

1.  12.     PUjwigeon  is  used  by  Drayton  as  the  name  of  a  fairy 
and  is  a  kind  of  cant  word  for  anything  pretty  or  small.     J. 
(citing  this  passage.) 
Page  147. 

1.  21.  Stephen  Marshall,  Vicar  (?)  of  Finchingfield,  in  Es- 
sex; known  as  one  of  the  best  Puritans  of  his  day,  and  as  one 
of  the  "Smectymnuans";  and  bj'  many  thouglit  to  be  the  best 
preacher  in  England.  He  lived,  greatly  resj)ccted  till  Novem- 
ber, 1655,  when  he  was  buried  in  Westminster  Abbey;  whence, 
however,  after  the  Restoration,  his  body  was  removed  by  royal 
warrant.     Masson,  V.  II.,  520. 

Clarendon,  Bk.  IV.,  1087-8,  says:  "There  was  more  than  Mr. 
Marshall,  from  the  23d  verse  of  the  5th  chapter  of  Judges, 
'Curse  ye  Meroz,  said  the  angel  of  the  Lord;  curse  ye  bitterly 
the  inhabitants  thereof,  because  they  came  not  to  the  help  of 
the  Lord,  to  the  help  of  the  Lord  against  the  mighty';  pre- 
sumed to  inveigh  and  in  plain  terms  to  denounce  God's  own 
curse  against  all  those  who  came  not,  with  their  utmost  power 
and  strength,  to  destroy  and  root  out  all  the  malignants,  who 
in  any  degree  opposed  the  Parliament."  Butler  coins  tiic 
phrase,  "Marshal-Legion's  Regiment."  He  was  popularly 
known  as  the  "Geneva  Bull"  from  his  Calvinistic  doctrines  and 
his  strong  voice. 

1.  44.  Collegiates,  the  meaning  is  evidently  collections,  but  I 
cannot  find  the  word  in  this  sense  anyvviiere  else.  The  i)as- 
sage  refers  to  the  fact  that  the  country  people,  on  coming  to 
London,  usually  on  business  with  their  lawyers,  went  to  see  the 
collections  of  wild  animals  in  the  Tower.  Translation  and 
slang:    An  inmate  of  a  prison,  asylum  or  the  like.    M. 

233 


Page  148. 

1.  51.  Montrose,  James  Graham,  Earl  and  Marquis,  is  or.e 
of  the  most  romantic  and  one  of  the  best  known  figures  of 
the  time.  He  began  as  an  ally  of  the  Covenanters,  invading 
England  with  them  in  the  Bishops'  War.  However  he  changed 
his  policy  in  1640,  and  in  1641,  was  the  avowed  advocate  of  the 
crown.  For  a  time  he  was  successful,  harmfully  so,  says  Bur- 
net, but  was  finally  defeated  by  Lesley  at  Philipshaugh,  in 
September  of  1645.  He  was  appointed  Lieutenant-Governor 
and  Captain-General  of  Scotland,  July,  1649,  by  the  new  king, 
and  was  executed  May  31st,  1650,  during  a  rash  attempt  to 
fulfil  his  mission.  Brilliant  and  daring  as  he  was,  he  yet  lacked 
that  equipoise  of  mind  which  insures  success. 

Ludovic  Lindsay,  Earl  of  Crawford,  was  the  associate  of 
Montrose  and  was  present  at  the  fatal  battle  of  Philipshaugh, 
from  which  he  escaped  to  live  to  see  the  Restoration. 

1.  63-64.  Nichols  says  that  this  couplet  is  one  of  the  most 
quoted  in  the  language;  it  is  certainly  not  so  now! 

1.  67.     At  rovers. 

"I  am  vindictive  enough  to  have  repelled  force  by  force  if  I 
could  imagine  that  any  of  them  (i.  e.,  Latins)  had  ever  reached 
me  but  they  either  shot  at  rovers  and  therefore  missed,  or 
.     .     .     "  Drj'den,  Essay  on  Latin,  Vol.  XHL,  p.  9. 

Shooting  at  rovers,  in  archery,  is  opposed  to  shooting  at  butts; 
in  the  former  exercise  the  bowman  shoots  at  random  merely  to 
show  how  far  he  can  send  an  arrow.     Scott's  note  to  the  above 
passage. 
Page  149. 

1.  76.     Card,  chart. 

"All  the  quarters  that  they  know 
I'  the  shipman's  card." 

Macbeth,  Act  1,  Sc.  HI.,  16-17. 

For  a  discussion  of  the  exact  meaning,  see  the  Variorum 
Edition  on  this  passage. 

1.  89.  After  the  Army  Plot  in  1641,  the  two  houses  voted 
as  a  token  of  their  friendship  toward  the  Scots,  "to  give  them 
a  gratuity  of  three  hundred  thousand  pounds,  over  and  above 
tlie  twent)'-five  thousand  pounds  the  month,  during  the  time 
that  their  stay  here  should  be  necessary !  .  .  ,  And  with- 
out doubt,  when  posterity  shall  recover  the  courage,  and  con- 
science, and  the  old  honour  of  the  English  nation,  it  will  not 
with  more  indignation  and  blushes  contemplate  anj'  action  of 
this  sedetious  and   rebellious   age,   than   that   the   nobility  and 


gentry  of  England,  who  were  not  guilty  of  t!:e  trc:isn:i,  stioui.. 
recompense  an  invasion  from  a  foreign  condemned  nation,  witli 
whatever  tstablishments  they  proposed  in  their  own  l.ii<idom, 
and  witii  a  donative  of  three  hundred  thousand  i):)',ii.tiS,  over 
and  above  all  charges,  out  of  the  bowels  of  England."  C'.an-n- 
don,  Bk,  III.  p.  292. 

1.  99.  The  good  old  cause  became  a  cry  of  derision  after  the 
Restoration. 

"For  what  design,  what  interest 
Can  Beast  have  to  encounter  Beast? 
They  fight  for  no  espoused  Cause, 
Frail  Privilege,  Fundamental  Laws, 
Now  for  a  thorough  Reformation, 
Nor  Covenant,  nor  Protestation, 
Nor  Liberty  of  Consciences, 
Nor  Lords  and  Commons  Ordinances; 
Nor  for  the  Church,  nor  Church-Lands, 
To  get  them  in  their  own  no  hands; 
Nor  evil  counsellors  to  bring 
To  justice,  that  seduce  the  King." 

Hudibras,  Part  I.,  C.  1,  759-70. 
In  this  passage  Butler  has  included  the  majority  of  the  cry- 
words  of  the  Puritans. 
Page  150, 

1.  112.  Picts^  probably  a  pun  is  intended  on  the  name  of  the 
race  and  the  Latin  word  pietus,  empty,  vain;  in  the  translation 
by  Dr.  Gawen  this  is  brought  out. 

1.  115.  Hyperbolus,  an  Athenian  demagogue,  who  sought  to 
ostracise  Aristides,  but  was  himself  banished;  the  ai)iilication 
of  this  dignified  punishment  upon  so  base  a  man  disgraced  it, 
and  it  is  said  never  to  have  been  used  again. 

1.  125-126.  For  a  discussion  of  this  curious  belief,  considt 
Browne.  Muller,  in  Chips  from  a  Oermnn  Workshop,  gives  the 
explanation.     A  characteristic,  and  often-quoted  account  is  us 

follows: 

(Sir  Robert  Moray,  Relation  concerning  Barnacles,  Philo- 
sophical Translations,  Vol.  II.,  No.  137,  p.  925,  926.) 

"These  shells  hang  at  the  tree  by  a  neck  longer  than  the 
shell;  of  a  kind  of  filmy  substance,  round  and  hollow,  and 
creased,  not  unlike  the  wind-pipe  of  a  chicken;  spreading  out 
broadest  where  it  is  fastened  to  the  tree,  from  whicii  it  seems 
to  draw  and  convey  the  matter  which  serves  for  the  groutli 
and  vegetation  of  the  shell,  and  the  little  bird  within  it.    'lias 

235 


bird  in  every  shell  that  1  ope  .e;l,  as  well  the  least  as  the  big- 
gest, I  found  so  curiously  and  completely  formed,  that  there 
appeared  i.oUiing  as  to  the  external  parts  for  making  up  a 
perfect  sea-rowi;  every  little  part  appearing  so  distinctly,  that 
the  whole  looked  like  a  large  bird  seen  through  a  concave,  or 
diminishing  glass,  the  colour  and  feature  being  everywhere  so 
clear  and  neat.  The  little  bill  uke  that  of  a  goose,  the  eyes 
marked,  the  head,  neck,  breast  and  wings,  tail  and  feet  formed, 
the  feathers  everywhere  perfectly  shaped  and  blackish  coloured, 
and  the  feet  like  those  of  other  water-fowl  to  the  best  of  my 
lemembrance;  all  being  dead  and  dry,  I  did  not  look  after  the 
i  iward  parts  of  them;  but  having  nipt  off  and  broken  a  great 
many  of  them,  I  carried  about  twenty  or  twenty-four  away 
with  me." 

"As  Barnacles  turn  Soland  Geese 
In  th'  Islands  of  the  Orcades." 

lludibras,  Part  III.,  C.  2,  655-6. 

Page  151. 

An  J'^legy  upox  the  Archbishop  of  Cantehbuby  occurs  in 
all  editions  exce])t  the  (■leaveland  Revived;  but  in  the  last  two 
editions  of  1647  it  is  under  the  heading  Uncertaine  Authors. 
As  it  is  Included  in  tlie  1077,  I  assume  that  it  is  by  Cleveland. 

1.  8.  Aubrey  mentions  a  Thomas  BushneU  to  whom  this  is 
an  allusion.  "His  genius  lay  most  towards  naturall  philosophy 
and  particularly  towards  the  discovery,  drayning,  and  improve- 
ment of  the  silver  mines  in  Cardiganshire,  etc.  He  had  the 
strangest  bewitching  way  to  drawe-in  people  (yea,  discreet  and 
wary  men)  into  his  projects  that  ever  I  heard  of.  His  tongue 
was  a  chaine  and  drewe  in  so  many  to  be  bound  for  him  and  to 
I  e  engaged  in  his  designes  that  he  ruined  a  number.  .  .  , 
He  was  a  master  of  the  art  of  running  in  debt.  .  .  ."  Au- 
hrey,  V.  I.,  133.  Bushel  also  experimented  water  works.  As 
his  skill  in  running  in  debt  is  mentioned  four  distinct  times 
with  the  highest  encomiums,  it  is  not  surprising  that  he  should 
have  become  proverliial. 
Page  152. 

1.  18.'  Seth's  pillars.  "Seth  the  son  of  Adam,  left  children 
who  imitated  his  virtues.  "They  were  the  discoverers  of  the  wis- 
dom which  relates  to  the  heavenly  bodies  and  their  order,  and  that 
their  inventions  might  not  be  lost  they  made  two  pillars,  the 
one  of  brick,  the  other  of  stone,  and  inscribed  their  discoveries 
on  them  both,  that  in  case  the  pillar  of  brick  should  be  de- 

23G 


I 


stroyed  by  the  flofd,  tlie  pillar  of  stone  might  rc:nain  and  ex- 
hibit those  discoveries  to  mankind.  .  .  .  Now  this  remains 
in  the  land  of  Siriad  to  this  day.'  Joscphiis,  Antiquities  of  the 
Jeir^,  Whiston's  translation,  Tk.  I.,  Ch.  2,  s.  3."  Professor 
Norton's  annotation  in  the  Grolier  edition  of  Donne  to  the 
line  p.  191. 

"A  work  to  outwear  Sclh's  pillars,  brick  and  stone." 
Page  153. 

1.  50.  This  line  is  quoted  by  Fi  Her  as  one  of  the  proverbs 
cf  Leicestershire;  his  comment  reads:  "This  steeple  seems 
crooked  unto  the  beholders  (and  I  believe  will  ever  do  so,  until 
our  age  erect  the  like  by  it  for  height  and  workmanship), 
though  some  conceive  the  slendcrncss  at  such  a  distance  is  all 
the  obliquity  thereof."  Ful.'er's  Worthies,  Leicestershire. 
Page  154. 

The  Hue  and  Cry  after  Sir  Jaiix  Prksryter  occurs  in  the 
two  editions  of  ICol  and  in  all  sulisequent  editions  except  the 
Cleaveland  Revived;  also  it  is  in  the  Rump  Songs. 

1.  4.     Bandoleers,   small   wooden  cases   covered   with   leather, 
each  of  them  containing  powder  that  is  a  sufficient  charge  for  a 
musket.     J.     One  has  but  to  remember  the  ruff  in  pictures  to 
realize  the  great  appropriateness  of  this  comparison. 
Page  155, 

1.  11.     I  do  not  understand  the  allusion  in  this  line. 
1.  19-20.     The  tribe  of  Adoniram.     I  can  do  no  better  in  an- 
notating this  than  to  transcribe  Grey's  note  on  the  couplet. 
"Their  Dispensations  had  l)een  stifled, 
But  for  our  Adoniram  Bvfield." 

Hudibnu^,  P.  in.,  C.  2,  639-40. 
"He  was  a  broken  Apothecary,  a  zealous  Covenanter,  one  of 
the  Scribes  to  the  Assembly  of  Divines;  and  no  Doubt,  for  his 
great  Zeal  and  Pains-taking  in  his  Office,  he  had  the  profit  in 
printing  the  Directory,  the  copy  whereof  was  sold  for  400£ 
thourh,  when  printed,  the  Price  was  but  Three-pence.  .  .  . 
Mr.  Cleveland,  in  his  'Hue  and  Cry  After  Sir  John  Presbyter,' 
had  the  following  Lines  upon  him."  Here  he  quotes  the  coup- 
let in  the  text. 

1.  32.     Ducatoons,  a  foreign  coin,  equal  to  five  or  six  shilhngs. 
"For  as  an  Austrian  Archduke  once 
Had  one  Ear   (which  in  Ducatoons 
Is  half  the  Coin)    in  battle  par'd 
Close  to  his  head.    .    .    ." 

Hudibras,  Part  I.,  C.  3,  147-50. 

237 


Grey,  quoting  the  passage  from  Cleveland,  sajs:  "The  Story 
alluded  to,  is  of  Alhert,  Archduke  of  Austria,  brother  to  the 
Emperor  Rudolph  the  Second,  who  was  defeated  by  Prince 
Maurice  of  Nassau,  in  the  year  1508.  He  endeavouring  to  en- 
courage his  Soldiers  in  Battle,  puU'd  oflF  his  Murrion,  or  Head- 
piece, upon  which  he  received  a  wound  by  the  point  of  a  Spear. 
Dux  Albertus,  dum  spes  superfuit,  totam  per  aciem  obequitans, 
ferebatur  cum  Diestanis,  et  in  Hosteni  processerat  intccto  vultu, 
quo  notius  exemplum  foret;  atque  ita  factum,  ut  Hastae  cus- 
pide  a  Germano  milite  auris  perstringretur.  (Ilugonis  Grotiis 
Historiar,  de  Reb,  Belgic,  lib.  9,  p.  56S,  edit.  Amstelaedami, 
12mo.  1658.  Thuani  Hist.  lib.  127,  torn.  5,  edit.  1G30,  p.  906). 
To  this  Cleveland  probably  alludes."  However  it  seems  as  if 
the  idea  were  taken  simply  from  the  appearance  of  the  coin. 
Page  156. 

1.  39.  This  passage  is  very  obscure;  I  paraphrase  as  follows: 
whatever  was  imperious  in  the  bishop  in  the  old  regime  is  just 
as  much  so  now  under  this  Scotch  dispensation,  which  has  made 
the  common  herd  prelates,  the  conmion  herd  which  attacked 
prelacy  often  before  it  could  disestablish  it;  so  the  effect  is  as 
the  multiplication  of  the  voice  by  the  echo  in  a  ruin.  And  now, 
because  they  are  holding  pluralities  of  livings,  although  they 
cried  against  it,  let  the  ecclesiastical  order  be  comjjosed  of 
mechanics  with  the  bargain  and  sale  methods. 

1.  41.  Classic  is  derived  from  the  Latin  classis,  class,  as 
Milton  uses  it  in  the  sonnet,  "On  the  New  Forces  of  Conscience 
Under  the  Long  Parliament": 

"And  ride  us  with  a   Classic  Hierarchy." 

Line  49  I  parse  on  the  analogy  with  the  jFrench  subjunctive 
with  "que," 
Page  157. 

1.  1.     Demicastors,  half-mitred,  false  bishops. 
Page  158. 

The  General  Eclipse  occurs  only  in  the  1677,  '87,  and  '99 
editions. 

1.  3.  "We  shall  not,  I  hope,  disparage  the  Resurrection  of 
our  Redeemer,  if  we  say  the  sun  doth  not  dance  on  Easter-day. 
And  though  we  would  willingly  assent  unto  any  sympathetical 
exultation,  yet  cannot  conceive  therein  any  more  than  a  Tropi- 
cal expression."  Common  and  Vulgar  Errors,  Bk.  V.,  p.  221. 
Page  160. 

The  King's  Disguise  occurs  in  all  editions  but  the  Cleave- 
land  Revived.    It  is  in  the  Bump  Songs. 

238 


Page  161. 

1.  19.     Budge,  the  dressed  skin  or  fur  of  Iambs.     J. 

1.  33,  Manchester,  see  note  to  p.  137,  180.  The  case  \\n- 
fortunately  was  too  common  to  admit  of  precise  identification. 
Page  162. 

1.  38.  The  Self  Denying  Ordinance,  \vas  passed  April  3(1, 
1C45.  It  was  Cromwell's  victory  in  the  quarrel  with  Man- 
chester. He  saw  that  victory  was  impossible  with  such  men  at 
the  head  because  they  were  afraid  to  conquer.  "If  the  king 
be  beaten,"  said  Manchester  before  the  battle  of  Newbury, 
"he  will  still  be  king;  if  he  beat  us  he  will  hang  us  all  for 
traitors."  Therefore  Cromwell  brought  forward  a  bill  declar- 
ing that  no  one  could  hold  a  command  in  the  army  and  a  scat 
in  either  house  at  the  same  time.  As  is  his  custom,  Cleveland 
uses  the  words  in  a  punning  sense. 

1.  57.  As  is  shown  by  the  variants,  Fawkes  is  a  reading  not 
authorized  by  any  edition;  I  adopted  it  as  the  only  reading 
approximating  sense;  treason  in  grain. 

Page  163. 

1.  74.     Blatant  Beast,  Sixth  Book  of  the  Faerie  Queens. 
1.  76.     Callow  curse,  perhaps  "callow"  may  be  lewd  or  wicked 
which  Mr.  Cleveland  uses  in  his  poems,  where  he  speaks  of  a 
callow  curse.     B.     His  etymology  is  peculiar,  but  it  shows  in 
what  sense  Cleveland's  contemporaries  understood  the  phrase. 
1.  77.     "And  sell  their  Blasts  of  Winds  as  dear. 
As  Lapland  Witches  bottled  Air?" 

Hudibras,  Part  II.,  C.  2,  343-1. 
As  an  annotation  on  this  Grey  says:     "The  pretences  of  the 
Laplanders   in   this   respect   are   thus   described   by   Dr.    Hey- 
wood.    Heirarchie  of  Angels,  Bk.  8,  p.  506. 

"The  Finns  and  Laplands  are  acquainted  well 
With  such  like  spir'ts,  and  winds  to  merchants  sell; 
Making  their  cov'nant,  when  and  how  they  please 
They  may  with  prosp'rous  weather  cross  the  seas; 
As  thus,  they  in  a  handkerchief  fast  tie 
Three  knots,  and  loose  the  first,  and  by  and  by 
You  find  a  gentle  gale  blow  from  the  shore: 
Open  the  second,  it  encreaseth  more. 
To  fill  the  sails;  when  you  the  third  untie, 
The  intemperate  gusts  grow  vehement  and   high." 
Scheffer's  Hist,  of  Lapland,  fol.  1704.  p.  151  and  chapter  11, 
^rom   p    119   to  p.   158  inc.     Mr.  G.  Sandy's  Notes  upon  the 

239 


Third  Book  of  Grid's  Metamorphoses,  p.  63,  and  upon  the  7th 
Bk.,  p.  \3'A.    Sir  Thomas  Browne  also  mentions  it. 
Page  165. 

1.  123.     Giheon,  Joshua,  9,  3-15. 

"And  when  the  inhabitants  of  Gibeon  heard  what  Joshua 
had  done  unto  Jericho  and  to  Ai. 

"They  did  work  wilily,  and  went  and  made  as  if  they  had 
been  ambassadors,  and  took  old  sacks  upon  their  asses  and  wine 
bottles  old  and  rent,  and  bound  up; 

"And  old  shoes  and  clouted  upon  their  feet,  and  old  gar- 
ments upon  them;  and  all  the  bread  of  their  provisions  was 
dry  and  mouldy." 

Unfortunately  for  Charles  Cleveland  was  but  too  correct  in 
his  estimation  of  the  tricky  character  of  the  Scots ! 


340 


APPENDIXES 


Appendix  A. 

From  "The  History  and  Antiqities  of  Hinckley,"    by  John  Nichols,   Lon- 

don,  1782 
THE    MORE    ANCIENT    GENEALOGY    OF    CLKIVFLAN'D    OR 

CLEVELAND 
At  or  soon  after  the  Conquest  lived 

Thorkil  de  Cliveland      (  A  ) 

I  '  " 

Uctred  de  Cliveland      (B) 

Robert  de    Cliveland      (C) 


Robert  de  Cleiveland  of  ^  Ralph  <lr  Clevdami    (  hM 

Ormesby  Co.  Ebor  (D)         |  ^   '' 

1  \  -• i 

Peter  de  Cliveland  _      Henry  Cliveland  (G)      Ralph  de  Cliveland   (  H  \ 
of  Ormesby  (  F )    |  ^      ' 

1 
Robert    de    Cliveland     (I)   ^ 


John    de    Cliveland    (K)    __ 


John  Cleveland,  citizen  of    =  John   Clyveland,  presbyter,  was 

York,  flor.  1403   (L)  I  vicar  of  St.  Cuthbert  s  Chapel,  in 

^1  York,     1405,    afterwards  of   St. 

I  Elen's,  in  1418  (M) 

William  Cleveland,  Sheriff  of  York,  ^  A.  D.  1456  (N) 


FROM   HIM   WAS  APPARENTLY   DESCENDED 

William  Cleiveland,  father  of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Cleiveland,  Eboracensis, 

WHOSE  DESCENDANTS  SEE  IN   THE  ANNE.XED  GENEALOGICAL  TABLI. 

(A)  (B)  Uctred,  son  of  Thorkil  de  Cliveland,  gave  to  Whitby  Abbey  two  curi- 
cies  of  land,  free  from  Danegeld,  and  the  mill  in  Brineston  (now  Burniiion  in  Rich- 
mondshire),  Co.  Ebor.  Vid.  Mon.  Aug.  i.  74.  (27.  b.)  Charlton's  Hist,  of  Whitby,  410. 
1779-  P-  71. 

(C)  Robert  de  Cleiveland  (so  the  name  is  spelt)  gave  to  Whitby  Abbey  a  piece 
of  land  in  Ormesby.  Mon.  Aug.  I.  p.  75  (28.  b.)  Sec  also  Charlton's  Hist,  of  Whitby, 
p.  75.  (This  last  writer  has  obscured  his  versions  of  the  old  charters,  by  rendering  the 
proper  names  too  literally  :  thus,  Robert  de  Cleveland  he  translates  Robert  of  Cleve- 
land, etc.;  but  we  follow  the  original  in  the  Monasticon.) 

(D)  (E)  Ralph,  son  of  Robert,  granted  and  confirmed  hit  brother's  gift  of  lands 
to  Whitby-Abbey,  lying  between  the  land  which  his  father  gave,  and  that  belonging 
to  the  Prior  of  Giseburne.     Charlton,  p.  1S5,  1S6. 

(F)  Peter  de  Cliveland  gave  to  the  church  of  Giseburne  two  booates  and  four 
roods  of  land  in  Ormesby,  and  all  his  land  in  the  Valli-y  of  Marton,  and  all  his  land 
called  Tunge,  with  other  parcels  of  land  enumerated  in  Mon.  Aug.  II.  p.  i;i  (10.  a.) 
He  also  confirmed  the  grant  of  his  uncle  Ralph  (supra  £),  and  his  deed  is  witnessed 
by  Peter  de  Cleiveland.     Charlton's  Hist.,  p.  185. 

(F)  (G)  (H)  These  three  brothers  were  benefactors  to  the  priory  of  Giseburne 
or  Gisburgh,  in  Co.  Ebor.  See  Burton's  Monasticon  Eboraccnsc,  p.  351.  See  also 
same  writer  for  the  two  generations  (I)  and  (K). 

(L)  John  Cleveland  (civii  Ebor.)  is  witness  to  a  deed  by  which  Richard  Tykyll, 
and  Margaret  his  wife,  grant  and  convey  to  William  Smythson,  senior,  and  to  his  son 
William  and  his  heirs,  a  tenement  with  a  croft  in  Dalton  Norrays.  Dat.  14  March, 
ann.  4  R.  Hen.  IV.     The  name  herein  is  written  by  the  scrivener  corruptly  Clertand. 

(M)     See  Drake's  History  of  York,  fol.  p.  JIJ,  344. 

(N^     Ibid,  p,  363. 


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Art-.    B  from   "  The  Hiilory  anJ  Anii(|ui(ic*  of  Hinckley"— By  J.  Nicliob,  London,   i7tl. 


^ 


THE   GENEALOGY  OF  CLEIVELAND   OF   HINCKLEY 


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APPENDIX    D. 

Editions  of  Cleveland's  Works. 

Separate  Works: 

"The  Character  of  a  London  Diurnal,"  1644  (two  editions), 
1G54,  in  the  form  of  a  broadside. 

"Monumentum  Regale,  or  a  Tombe  Erected  for  that  Incom- 
parable and  Glorious  Monarch,  Charles  the  First,  King  of 
Great  Britain,  France,  and  Ireland,  &c.  C.  R.  In  Select  Ele- 
gies, Epitaphs,  and  Poems.  Printed  in  the  Yeare  1649"i. 
"Chiefly  by  J.  C."  is  the  note  in  the  catalogue  of  the  British 
Museum.  This  contains  the  three  elegies  on  King  Charles  which 
were  published  together  in  1653  and  subsequently,  one  of  which 
is  included  on  p.  145  of  this  edition. 

"The  King's  Disguise"  London  1646  o.  s. 

"Midsummer-Moone,  or  Lunacy  Rampant"  London  1648. 
Very  doubtfully  attributed  to  Cleveland,  altho  included  in  the 
"Cleaveland  Revived";  said  by  the  catalogue  of  the  British 
Museum  to  be  by  F.  Cheynell. 

"The  Idol  of  the  Clowns,  or  Insurrection  of  Wat  the  Tj'^ler" 
London,  1654  and  1658.  Very  doubtful;  said  to  be  by  Francis 
White  of  Gray's  Inn.  (Notes  and  Queries.)  It  was  included 
in  the  1687  edition. 

"Cleaveland's  Petition  to  His  Highness  the  Lord  Protector" 
London,  October,  1657. 

"Majestas  Intemerata,  or  the  Immortality  of  the  King"  Lon- 
don 1649.     Very  doubtful;  never  included  in  any  edition. 
Poems : 

(For  the  contents  of  these  editions,  see  Appendix  C.  At  a 
glance  it  is  ol)vious  that  there  are  three  great  additions  of 
apocryphal  matter;  (1)  scattered  poems  added  in  the  first  eight 
editions;  (2)  the  poems  of  R.  Fletcher  and  the  unknown  "Wife- 
hater";  and  (3)  the  entirely  new  collection  known  as  the 
"Cleaveland  Revived"  of  which  only  tlie  "King's  Return  from 
Scotland"  was  autliorized  by  the  edition  of  1677.  The  only 
poem  which  here  ajijicars  is  the  "Rebel  Scot".) 

248 


"The  Character  of  a  London  Diurnal,  with  Several  Select 
Poems"  London  1647.  Dymock-FIetciier  says  that  there  were 
thirteen  editions  published  between  1647-8;  I  have  only  found  five. 
The  first  two  are  identical;  the  additions  consist  of  the  poem 
on  Strafford  which  is  not  characteristic,  and  one  on  Williams 
which  is  by  Thomas  Weaver  in  "Songs  and  Poems  of  Love  and 
Drolley",  London,  1654.  The  third  adds  the  genuine  poem  of 
"Mark  Anthony".  The  fourth  and  fifth  are  alike  in  having  the 
heading  "Uncertaine  Authours";  under  this  grouping  appear 
the  two  poems  mentioned  above,  the  "Scot's  Apostasy"  which 
was  early  accepted  as  genuine,  the  "Elegy  on  the  Archbishop 
of  Canterbury"  which  is  included  in  the  1677 ;  the  fifth  also  adds 
a  poem  which  was  withdrawn. 

1651. 

The  1st  edition  adds  to  the  doubtful  list  a  second  poem  on 
King  which  is  assuredly  not  genuine. 

The  Second  gives  us  "Mary's  Spikenard"  and  the  "Elegy  on 
Dr.  Chaderton"  neither  of  which  is  in  his  manner.  The  prose 
"Character  of  a  Country-Committee-Man,  with  the  Earmark 
of  a  Sequestrator"  is  added. 

1653 — two  editions — 

To  the  doubtful  poems  are  added  "To  the  Hectors,  upon  the 
Unfortunate  Death  of  H.  Compton"  and  four  poems  on  the 
death  of  King  Charles.  "To  the  Hectors"  is  like  his  manner, 
but  not  suiBciently  so  to  be  included  in  this  edition.  One  of 
the  four  on  Charles  is  signed  by  Montrose;  Mr.  Scollard 
gives  two  of  the  remaining  three  to  Cleveland,  but  I  feel  war- 
ranted only  in  reproducing  the  one  in  the  text.  In  prose  there 
are  added  "A  Letter  to  a  ^Friend  Dissuading  Him  from  his 
Attempt  to  Marry  a  Nun"  and  the  Newark  correspondence. 
With  it  is  bound  the  "Character  of  a  Diurnal  Maker"  London, 

1654.  This  edition  was  reprinted  twice  in  1654  and  in  1656. 
In  1657  the  "Petition  to  the  Lord  Protector"  was  added. 
1659— reprinted  in  1661,  1662,  1665,  1666,  1669.  Quaritch  men- 
tions an  edition  of  1663  which  may  be  in  this  same  series. 
The  additions  consist  of  a  certainly  spurious  poem,  the: 
"Wife-hater",  and  of  thirty-two  poems  by  K.  Fletcher  taken 
from  his  "Ex  Otio  Negotium,  or  Martiall  his  Epigrams"  Lon- 
don, 1656.  The  poems  are  printed  in  the  same  order  with  the 
exception  of  the  "Sigh"  which  was  dropped  from  the  1687  edi- 
tion.   These  are  the  titles  of  the  poems. 

249 


The  Publick  Faith,  A  Lenten  Litany,  The  Second  Part,  A 
Hue  and  Cry  After  the  Reformation,  A  Committee,  On  the 
happy  Memory  of  Alderman  Hoyle  that  hang'd  himself,  Pla- 
tonick  Love,  Christmas  Day,  Piae  Memoriae,  Obsequies,  On  the 
Death  of  his  Royal  Majesty,  An  Epitaph,  A  Survey  of  the 
World,  An  Old  Man  courting  a  Young  Girl,  An  Epitaph  on 
his  deceased  Friend,  Mount  Ida,  Upon  a  Fly,  Obsequies,  The 
London  Lady,  The  Times,  The  Model  of  new  Religion,  On 
Britannicus,  Content,  May  Day,  An  Epig.  to  Doulus,  An  Epig. 
on  the  People  of  England,  Another,  A  Sing-sonj  on  Clarinda's 
Wedding,  The  Myrtle-Grove,  To  my  honoured  Friend  Mr,  T. 
C,  The  Engagement  stated.  The  Sigh. 

1659— reprinted  in  1660,  1662,  and  1668. 

"J.  Cleaveland  Revived:  Poems,  Orations,  Epistles,  And  other 
of  his  Genuine  Incomparable  Pieces.  With  some  other  Exquis- 
ite Remains  of  most  eminent  Wits  of  both  the  Universities 
that  were  his  Contemporaries.  This  Fourth  Edition,  (1668) 
besides  many  other  never  before  publisht  Additions,  is  en- 
riched with  the  Authors  Midsummer-Moon,  or  Lunacy-Ram- 
pant. Being  an  University  Caracter,  a  short  survey  of  some  of 
the  late  fellows  of  the  CoUedges.  Now  at  last  publisht  from 
his  Original  Copies  by  some  of  his  intrusted  Friends.  Non 
norunt  haec  monumenta  mori.  London,  Printed  for  Nathaniel 
Brooks,  at  the  Angell  in  Gresham  Colledge,  1668" 

As  the  poems  in  this  edition  have  so  long  gone  under  Cleve- 
land's name,  the  preface  is  important. 
"To  the  Discerning  Reader. 

Worthy  Friend,  there  is  a  saying,  Once  well  done,  and  ever 
done;  the  wisest  men  have  so  considerately  acted  in  their 
times,  as  by  their  learned  Works  to  build  their  own  monu- 
ments, such  as  might  eternize  them  to  future  Ages:  our  John- 
son named  his.  Works,  when  others  were  called  Playes,  though 
they  cost  him  much  of  the  Lamp,  and  oyl;  yet  he  so  writ,  as  to 
oblige  posterity  to  admire  them:  Our  deceased  Heroe,  Mr. 
Cleaveland,  knew  how  to  difference  legitimate  births  from 
ai)ortives,  his  mighty  Genius  anvilled  out  what  he  sent  abroad, 
as  his  informed  mind  knew  how  to  distinguish  betwixt  writing 
much  and  well;  a  few  of  our  deceased  Poets  images  l)eing  worth 
cartloads  of  the  Scribblers  of  these  times.  It  was  my  fortune 
to  be  in  Newark,  where  it  was  besieged,  where  I  saw  some 
Manuscripts  of  Mr.  Cleavelands,  amongst  others  I  have  heard 
that  he  writ  of  the  Treaty  at  Uxbridge,  as  I  have  been  Informed 

2&ii 


since  by  a  person  I  intrusted  to  speak  with  one  of  Mr.  Cleave- 
land's  noble  friends,  who  received  him  courteously,  and  satis- 
fied his  enquiries;  as  concerning  the  Papers  that  were  left  in  his 
custody,  more  particularly  of  the  Treaty  at  Uxbridge,  That  it 
was  not  linisht,  nor  anj'  of  his  other  Papers  fit  for  the  Press. 
They  were  offered  to  the  judicious  consideration  of  one  of  the 
most  accomplisht  persons  of  our  Age,  he  refusing  to  have  them 
in  any  further  examination,  as  he  did  not  conceive  that  they 
could  be  publisht  without  some  injury  to  Mr.  Cleaveland;  from 
which  time  thej'^  have  remained  sealed  and  lockt  up:  neither 
can  I  wonder  at  this  obstruction,  when  I  consider  the  disturb- 
ances our  Author  met  with  in  the  time  of  the  Siege,  how  scarce 
and  bad  the  Paper  was,  the  Ink  hardly  to  be  discerned  on  it; 
the  intimacy  I  had  with  Mr.  Cleaveland  before  and  since  these 
civil  Wars,  gained  most  of  these  Papers  from  him,  it  being  not 
the  least  of  his  misfortunes,  out  of  the  love  he  had  to  pleasure 
his  friends,  to  be  unfurnisht  with  his  own  Manuscripts,  as  I 
have  heard  him  say  often.  He  was  not  so  happy  as  to  have 
any  considerable  Collection  of  his  own  Papers,  they  being  dis- 
perst  among  his  friends;  some  whereof  when  he  writ  for  them, 
he  had  no  other  answer,  But  that  they  were  lost,  or  through 
the  often  reading,  transcribing,  or  folding  of  them,  worn  to 
pieces  so  that  though  he  knew  where  he  formerly  bestowed 
some  of  them,  yet  they  were  not  to  be  regained;  for  which 
reason  the  Poems  he  had  left  in  his  hands,  being  so  few,  and  of 
so  small  a  Volume,  he  could  not,  (though  he  was  often  solicited 
with  honor  to  himself)  give  his  consent  to  the  publishing  of 
them,  though  indeed  most  of  his  former  printed  Poems  were 
truly  his  own,  except  such  as  have  been  lately  added,  to  make 
up  the  Volume;  at  the  first  some  few  of  his  Verses  were 
printed  with  a  Character  of  the  London  Diurnal,  a  stitcht 
Pamphlet  in  Quarto:  Afterwards,  as  I  have  heard  Mr.  Cleave- 
land say,  the  Copies  of  Verses  that  he  communicated  to  his 
friends,'  the  Book-seller  by  chance  meeting  with  them,  being 
added  to  his  book,  they  sold  him  another  impression;  in  like 
manner  such  small  additions  (though  but  a  paper  or  two  of 
his  incomparable  Verses  or  Prose)  posted  off  other  Editions, 
whereas  this  Edition  hath  the  happiness  to  flourish  with  the  Re- 
mainder of  :Mr.  Cleaveland's  last  never  before  printed  Pieces. 
I  acknowledge  I  receiv'd  many  of  these  last  new  printed  Pa- 
pers from  one  of  Mr.  Cleaveland's  near  acquaintance,  which 
when  I  sent  to  his,  ever  to  be  honoured,  friend  of  Grays-Inn, 
he  had  not  at  that  time  the  leisure  to  peruse  them;  but   for 

251 


what  lie  had  read  of  tliem,  he  told  the  person  I  intrusted,  That 
he  did  believe  them  to  be  Mr.  Cleavelands,  he  having  formerly 
spoken  of  such  Papers  of  his,  that  were  abroad  in  the  hands 
of  his  friends,  whom  he  could  not  remember:  My  intention  was 
to  reserve  the  Collection  of  these  Manuscripts  for  my  own 
private  use;  but  finding  many  of  those,  I  had  in  my  hands,  al- 
ready publisht  in  the  former  Poems,  not  knowing  what  further 
proceedings  might  attend  the  forwardncsse  of  the  Press,  I 
thought  myself  concerned,  not  out  of  any  unworthy  ends  of 
profit,  but  out  of  a  true  affection  to  my  deceased  friend,  to 
publish  these  his  other  Pieces  in  Latine  and  English,  and  to 
make  this  to  be  like  a  volume  for  the  study.  Some  other  Poems 
are  intermixed,  such  as  the  Reader  shall  find  to  be  of  such 
persons  as  were  for  the  most  part  Mr  Cleavelands  Contempo- 
raries; some  of  them  no  less  eminently  known  to  the  three  Na- 
tions. I  hope  the  world  cannot  be  so  far  mistaken  in  his  Genu- 
ine Muse,  as  not  to  discern  his  Pieces  from  any  of  the  other 
Poems;  neither  can  I  believe  there  are  any  persons  so  unkind, 
as  not  candidly  to  entertain  the  heroick  fancies  of  the;  other 
Gentlemen  that  are  worthily  placed  to  live  in  this  volume; 
some  of  their  Poems,  contrary  to  my  expectation — I  being  at 
such  a  distance,  were  before  in  print,  but  in  this  third  Edition 
I  have  crossed  them  out  onely  reserving  those  that  were  ex- 
cellently good,  and  never  before  extant,  the  Reader  (I  hope) 
will  the  more  freely  accept  them  Thus  having  ingenuously 
satisfied  thee  in  these  particulars,  I  shall  not  need  to  insert 
more;  but  that  I  have  to  present  surreptitious  I'klitions,  pub- 
lisht this  Collection;  that  by  erecting  this  Pyramid  of  Honour, 
I  might  oblige  posterity  to  perpetuate  their  INIemories,  which 
is  the  highest  ambition  of  him,  who  is. 

Yours  in  all  virtuous  endeavours, 

E.  Williamson." 
Newark,  Nov.  21,  1658. 

"The  Stationer  to  the  Reader. 

Courteous  Reader,  thy  free  Acceptance  of  the  former  Edi- 
tions, encouraged  me  so  far  as  to  use  my  best  diligence  to  gain 
what  still  remained  in  the  hands  of  the  Authors  friends.  I 
acknowledge  myself  to  be  obliged  to  Mr.  Williamson,  whose 
worthy  example  Mr.  Cleavelands  other  honourers  have  since 
])ersued.  I  shall  not  trouble  thee,  Reader,  with  any  further 
y\pologies,  but  only  sul):scril)e  Mr.  W.  W.  his  last  Verses  in  his 
following  I'.lcgy  on  Mr.  Clcaveland. 

252 


That  Plagiary  that  can  filch  but  one 
Conceit  from  Him,  and  keep  tiie  Theft  unknown, 
At  Noon  from  Phoebus,  may  by  the  same  sleight. 
Steals  Beams,  and  makes  'em  pass  for  his  own  light." 

This  remarkable  preface  was  then  written  twelve  years  after 
the  author's  intimacy  with  Cleveland.  It  may  be  summed  up 
in  the  statements:  (1)  Cleveland  did  not  write  many  poems; 
(3)  that  he  gave  a  few  poems  to  Williamson;  (3)  that  the 
majority  of  the  earlj'  publications  were  genuine;  (4)  that  the 
collection  was  only  hastily  identified  by  one  who  knew;  (.'>) 
that  many  of  the  collection  had  already  been  published; 
(6)  that  Williamson  deliberately  filled  out  the  volume  with 
poems  not  genuine;  (7)  that  the  stationer  also  added  doubtful 
poems.  As  the  collection  stands,  the  only  poem  printed  before 
is  the  "Rebel  Scot";  the  only  new  poem  incorporated  in  the 
1677  edition  is  the  "King's  Disguise".  Of  these  "contempo- 
raries", the  "Entertainment  at  Cotswold"  was  by  William  Dur- 
ham and  was  withdrawn  after  the  first  edition.  The  others 
have  been  located  as  follows: 
John  Hall,  Poems,  Cambridge,  1646. 

"On  a  little  Gentleman  Profoundly  Learned",  Hall's  "Upon 
T.  R.,  a  very  little  man  but  excellently  learned"; 

"On  an  Ugly  Woman",  "To  the  Deformed  X.  R."; 

"On  Parson  the  Great  Porter",  "Upon  the  King's  Great  Por- 
ter" ; 

"To  Cloris,  a  Rapture",  "Rapture"; 

"Upon  Wood  of  Kent",  "Upon  M.  W.  the  Great  Eater"; 

"To  His  Mistress",  "Platonic  Love"; 

"Upon  a  Talkative  Woman",  "To  an  Old  Wife  Talking  to 
Him"; 

"On  one  that  was  Deprived  of  His  Testicles",  "An  Eunuch"; 

"The  Flight",  "The  Call"; 

"On  a  BurningTglass",  "A  Burning  Glass"; 

"Not  to  Travel",  "Home  Travel"; 
Thomas  Sharp. 

"And  they  were  his  verses  upon  sleep  which  are  printed  in 
Cleveland's-  name".     Calamy's  Account^  i?nd.  ed.  p.  814. 
Jasper  Mayne  in  the  "Jonsonus  Virbius"  1638. 

"An  Elegy  on  Jonson"; 
Richard  West  in  the  "Jonsonus  Virbius"  1638. 

"An  Elegy  on  Jonson"; 
John  Denhain,  16G7,  1679,  1719; 

253 


"A  Relation  of  a  Quaker"  is  Dcriham's  "News  from  Colches- 
ter". The  two  poems,  "On  O.  P.  Sick"  and  "An  Answer  to  the 
Storm",  are  evidently  not  by  Cleveland  as  the  events  happened 
after  his  death. 

1C77 — reprinted   twice   in   the  same  year,  slightly  varying  the 

title-page,  and  one  misprints  the  signature  initials.     If  Wood 

is  correct,  there  is  j'et  a  fourth  mis-dated  1G17. 

Clievelandi  Vindiciae;  or,  Clieveland's  Genuine  poems.  Ora- 
tions, Epistles,  &c.  Purged  from  the  many  P'alse  and  Spuri- 
ous Ones  which  had  usurped  his  name,  and  from  innumerable 
errors  and  corruptions  in  the  true  copies.  To  which  are  added 
many  Additions  never  Printed  before: 

With  an  account  of  the  Author's  Life.  Published  according 
to  the  Author's  own  Copies.  London,  Printed  for  Obadiah 
Blagrave,  at  the  Sign  of  the  Bear  in  St.  Paul's  Church  Yard, 
near  the  Little  North  Door,  1677. 

The   preface   by    Bishop   Lake   and   Samuel    Drake   explains 
itself. 
"To  the  Right  Worshipful  and  Reverend  ^Francis  Turner,  D.D., 

Master    of    St.    John's    CoUedge    in    Cambridge,    and    to    the 

Worthy  Fellows  of  the  same  Colledge. 

Gentlemen, 

Tliat  we  interrupt  your  more  serious  Studies  with  the  offer 
of  this  Piece,  the  injury  that  hath  been  and  is  done  to  the  de- 
ceased Author's  ashes  not  only  pleadeth  our  excuse,  but  engag- 
cth  you  (whose  once  he  was,  and  within  whose  walls  this 
standard  of  wit  was  first  set  up)  in  the  same  quarrel  with  us. 

Whilst  Randolph  and  Cowley  lie  embalmed  in  their  own  na- 
tive wax,  how  is  the  name  and  memory  of  Clieveland  equally 
prophaned  by  those  that  usurp,  and  those  that  blaspheme  it? 
By  those  that  are  ambitious  to  lay  their  Cuckows  eggs  in  his 
nest,  and  those  that  think  to  raise  up  Phenixes  of  wit  by  firing 
his  spicy  bed  about  him? 

AVe  l;now  you  have  not  without  passionate  resentments  beheld 
the  prostitution  of  his  name  in  some  late  Editions  vended 
tinder  it,  wherein  his  Orations  are  murthercd  over  and  over 
in  barbarous  I>atine,  and  a  more  barbarous  Translation:  and 
wherein  is  scarce  one  or  other  Poem  of  his  own  to  commute 
for  ail  the  rest.  At  least  every  Curiasier  of  his  hath  a  fulsome 
Dragooner  l)chind  him,  and  Venus  is  again  unequally  yoaked 
with  a  sonty  Anville-beater.  Clieveland  thus  re\ivcd  dicth  an- 
other death. 


You  cannot  but  have  beheld  with  like  zealous  indignation  how 
Liiviously  our  late  Mushrom-wits  look  up  at  him  because  he 
overdroppeth  them,  and  snarl  at  his  brightness  as  Dogs  at  the 
]\Ioon. 

Some  of  these  grand  Sophys  will  not  allow  him  the  reputation 
of  wit  at  all:  yet  how  many  such  Authors  must  be  creamed  and 
spirited  to  make  up  his  Fuscara?  And  how  many  of  their 
slight  production  may  be  gigged  out  of  one  of  his  pregnant 
Words?  There  perhaps  you  may  find  some  leaf-gold,  here 
massie  wedges;  there  some  scattered  rayes,  here  a  Galaxy; 
there  some  loose  fancy  frisking  in  the  Ayr,  here's  Wit's  Zodiack. 

The  quarrel  in  all  this  is  upbraiding  merit,  and  eminence 
his  crime.  His  touring  Fancy  soareth  so  high  a  pitch  that 
they  fly  like  shades  below  him.  The  Torrent  thereof  (which 
riseth  far  above  their  high  water  mark)  drowneth  their  Levels. 
Usurping  upon  the  State  Poetick  of  the  time  he  hath  brought 
in  such  insolent  measures  of  Wit  and  Language  that  despair- 
ing to  imitate,  they  must  study  to  understand.  That  alone  is 
Wit  with  them  to  which  they  are  commensurate,  and  what  ex- 
ceedeth  their  scantling  is  monstrous. 

Thus  they  deifie  his  Wit  and  Fancy  as  the  Clown  the  plump 
03'ster  when  he  could  not  crack  it.  And  now  instead  of  that 
strenuous  masculine  stile  which  breatheth  in  this  Author,  we 
have  only  an  enervous  effeminate  froth  offered,  as  if  they  had 
taken  the  salivating  Pill  before  they  set  pen  to  paper.  You 
must  hold  j^our  breath  in  the  perusal  lest  the  Jest  vanish  by 
blowing  on. 

Another  blemish  in  this  monster  of  perfection  is  the  ex- 
uberance of  his  Fancy.  His  Manna  lieth  so  thick  upon  the 
ground  that  they  loath  it.  When  he  should  only  fan,  he  with 
Hurricanos  of  wit  stormeth  the  sense  and  doth  not  so  much 
delight  his  Reader,  as  oppress  and  overwhelm  him. 

To  cure  this  excess,  their  frugal  wit  hath  reduced  the 
World  to  a  Lessian  Diet.  If  perhaps  they  entertain  their 
Reader  with  one  good  Thought  (as  these  new  Dictators  affect  to 
speak)  he  may  sit  down  and  say  Grace  over  it:  the  rest  is 
words  and  nothing  else. 

We  will  leave  them  therefore  to  the  most  proper  vengeance, 
to  humour  themselves  with  the  perusal  of  their  own  Poems: 
and  leave  the  Barber  to  rub  their  thick  skulls  with  bran  until 
they  are  fit  for  ]\Iusk.  Only  we  will  leave  this  friendly  advice 
with  them;  that  they  have  one  eye  upon  John  Tredeskant's  Ex- 
ecutor, lest  among  his  other  Minims  of  Art  and  Nature  he 
255 


expose  their  slight  Conceits:  and  another  upon  tiie  Ro^al  S>>- 
ciety,  lest  they  make  their  Poems  the  couuter-ballance  when 
they  intend  to  weigh  Air. 

From  these  unequal  censures  we  appeal  to  such  competent 
Judges  as  yourselves,  in  whose  just  value  of  him  Clieveland 
shall  live  the  wonder  of  his  own,  and  the  pattern  of  succeeding 
Ages.  And  although  we  might  (upon  several  accompts)  be- 
speak your  affections,  yet  (abstracting  from  these)  we  submit 
him  to  your  severer  Judgments,  and  doubt  not  but  he  will  find 
that  Patronage  from  you  which  is  desired  and  expected  by 
Your  humble  Servants. 

J.  L.     S.  D." 
1687— reprinted  in  1699. 

This  is  a  combination  of  all  previous  editions;  the  first 
part  is  a  reproduction  of  the  1677;  the  second  part,  with  a 
separate  title-page  headed  "John  Cleaveland's  Revived  Poems" 
etc.,  contains  all  previous  poems  not  in  the  1677,  excepting 
the  second  elegy  on  Edward  King  and  "A  New  Litany";  "The 
Idol  of  the  Clowns"  is  added  to  the  prose  and  the  "Midsummer- 
Moone"  is  dropped.  The  second  title-page  contains  no  mention 
of  the  "exquisite  remains  of  his  contemporaries",  a  fact  which 
has  caused  endless  miscomprehension  of  his  work.  Moreover 
it  is  very  carelessly  put  together  as  the  "Rupertismus"  is  twice 
printed. 

PORTRAITS. 

1653.  A  bust  framed  in  laurel  with  the  motto:  "Vera  et 
viva  EflBgies  Johannis  Cleeveland".  The  same  plate  was  redone 
in  1658  and  prefixed  to  the  "Poems"  of  1659  etc. 

1659.  "Cleaveland  Revived".  A  head  on  a  pedestal  on  the 
base  of  which  is  written:  "Vera  Effigies  J:  Cleaulandi".  The 
motto  is: 

"For  weighty  Numbers,  sense,  misterious  wayes 
Of  happie  Wit,  Great  Cleauland  claimes  his  Bayes," 
Sepultus  Colleg:Whitintonis 
1  May  Ano.  1658. 

1677.  A  bust  in  an  oval,  with  the  motto:  "Vera  Effigies  Jo- 
hannis Cleaveland".  Printed  for  Nath.  Brooke  at  the  Angel 
in  Cornhill..  Cleveland  is  dressed  in  a  doctor's  gown,  which  is 
supposed  by  some  to  be  clerical. 

The  painting  by  Isaac  Fuller.  This  was  engraved  for  John 
Nichols  and  is  in  his  "History  of  Hinckley"  and  the  "Select 
Collections".  It  is  a  copy  of  this  which  has  been  used  for  this 
edition. 

256 


APPENDIX    E. 

Marvell's  Reply  to  the  "Rebel  Scot". 

THE  LOYAL  SCOT. 

By  Cleveland's  Ghost,  upon   the  Death  of  Captain  Douglas, 
Burned  upon  his  Ship  at  Chatham. 

Of  the  old  heroes  when  the  warlike  shades 
Saw  Douglas  marching  on  the  Elysian  glades. 
They  all,  consulting,  gathered  in  a  ring. 
Which  of  their  poets  should  his  welcome  sing; 
And,  as  a  favorable  penance,  chose 
Cleveland,  on  whom  they  would  that  task  impose. 
He  understood,  but  willingly  addressed 
His  ready  muse,  to  court  that  noble  guest. 
Much  had  he  cured  the  tumour  of  his  vein. 
He  judged  more  clearly  now  and  saw  more  plain; 
For  those  soft  airs  had  tempered  every  thought. 
Since  of  wise  Lethe  he  had  drunk  a  draught. 
Abruptly  he  began,  disguising  art, 
As  of  his  satire  this  had  been  a  part. 

As  so,  brave  Douglas,  on  whose  lovely  chin 

The  early  down  but  newly  did  begin. 

And  modest  beauty  yet  his  sex  did  veil. 

While  envious  virgins  hope  he  is  a  male. 

His  yellow  locks  curl  back  themselves  to  seek. 

Nor  other  courtship  knew  but  to  his  cheek. 

Oft  as  he  in  chill  Esk  or  Tyne,  by  night, 

Hardened  and  cooled  his  limbs  so  soft,  so  white. 

Among  the  reeds,  to  be  espied  by  him. 

The  nymphs  would  rustle,  he  would   forward  swim. 

They  sighed,  and  said.  Fond  boy,  why  so  untame. 

That  fly'st  love's  fires,  reserved  for  other  flame? 

First  on  his  ship  he  faced  that  horrid  day, 

And  wondered  much  at  those  that  ran  away. 

Qri7 


No  other  fear  himself  could  comprehend, 
Tlian  lest  Heaven  fall  ere  thither  he  ascend; 
But  entertains  the  while  his  time,  too  short. 
With  hirding  at  the  Dutch,  as  if  in  sport; 
Or  waves  his  sword,  and,  could  he  them  conjure; 
^\'ithin  his  circle,  knows  himself  secure. 
The  fatal  bark  him  boards  with  grappling  fire, 
And  safely  through  its  port  the  Dutch  retire. 
That  precious  life  he  yet  disdains  to  save, 
Or  with  known  art  to  try  the  gentle  wave. 
Much  him  the  honour  of  his  ancient  race 
Inspired,  nor  would  he  his  own  deeds  deface; 
And  secret  joy  in  his  calm  soul  does  rise. 
That  Monck  looks  on  to  see  how  Douglas  dies. 
Like  a  glad  lover  the  fierce  flames  he  meets, 
And  tries  his  first  embraces  in  their  sheets; 
His  shape  exact,  which  the  bright  flames  enfold, 
Like  the  sun's  statue  stands  of  burnished  gold; 
Round  the  transparent  fire  about  him  glows. 
As  the  clear  amber  on  the  bee  does  close; 
And,  as  on  angels'  heads  their  glories  shine, 
His  burning  locks  adorn  his  face  divine. 
But  when  in  his  immortal  mind  he  felt 
His  altering  form  and  soldered  limbs  to  melt, 
Down  on  the  deck  he  laid  himself,  and  died, 
With  his  dear  sword  reposing  by  his  side. 
And  on  the  flaming  plank  so  rests  his  head, 
As  one  that  warmed  himself,  and  went  to  bed. 
His  ship  burns  down,  and  with  his  relics  sinks, 
And  the  sad  stream  beneath  his  ashes  drinks. 
Fortunate  boy!  if  either  pencil's  fame, 
Or  if  my  verse  can  propagate  thy  name. 
When  Oeta  and  Alcides  are  forgot, 
Our  English  youth  shall  sing  the  valiant  Scot. 

Skip  saddles,  Pegasus,  thou  needst  not  brag. 
Sometimes  the  Galloway  proves  the  better  nag. 
Shall  not  a  death  so  generous,  wlien  told, 
L^nite  our  distance,  fill  our  breaches  old  ? 
So  in  the  Roman  forum,  Curtius  brave. 
Galloping  down,  closed  up  the  gaping  cave. 
No  more  discourse  of  Scotch  and  English  race. 
Nor  chant  the  fabulous  hunt  of  Chevy-Chase; 
258 


Mixed  in  Corinthian  metal  at  thy  flame, 
Our  nations  melting,  thj-  colossus  frame. 
Prick  down  the  point,  whoever  has  the  art. 
Where  nature  Scotland  does  from  England  part; 
Anatomists  may  sooner  fix  the  cells 
Where  life  resides  and  understanding  dwells. 
But  this  we  know,  though  that  exceeds  our  skill, 
That   whosoever  separates  them   does  ill. 
Will  you  the  Tweed  that  sullen  bounder  call. 
Of  soil,  of  wit,  of  manners,  and  of  all? 
Why  draw  you  not,  as  well,  the  thrifty  line 
From  Thames,  Trent,  Humber,  or  at  least  the  Tyne? 
So  may  we  the  state — corpulence  redress. 
And  little  England,  when  we  please,  make  less. 
What  ethic  river  is  this  wondrous  Tweed 
Whose  one  bank  virtue,  t'other  vice,  does  breed? 
Or  what  new  perpendicular  does  rise 
Up  from  her  streams,  continued  to  the  skies, 
That  between  us  the  common  air  should  bar. 
And  split  the  influence  of  every  star? 
But  who  considers  right,  will  find  indeed, 
'Tis  Holy  Island  parts  us,  not  the  Tweed. 
Nothing  but  clergy  could  us  two  seclude. 
No  Scotch  was  ever  like  a  bishop's  feud. 
All  Litanies  in  this  have  wanted  faith. 
There's  no  delirer  vs  from  a  bishop's  wrath. 
Never  shall  Calvin  pardoned  be  for  sales. 
Never,  for  Burnet's  sake,  the  Lauderdales; 
P'or  Becket's  sake,  Kent  always  shall  have  tails. 
Who  sermons  e're  can  pacify  and  prayers? 
Or  to  the  joint  stools  reconcile  the  chairs? 
Though   kingdoms   join,   yet    church   will  kick  oppose; 
The  mitre  still  divides,  the  crown  does  close; 
As  in  Rogation  week  they  whip  us  round. 
To  keep  In  mind  the  Scotch  and  English  hound, 
AVhat  the  ocean  binds  is  by  the  bishops  rent. 
Then  seas  make  islands  in  our  continent. 
Nature  in  vain  us  in  one  land  compiles. 
If  the  cathedral  still  shall  have  its  isles. 
Nothing,  not  bogs,  nor  sands,  nor  seas,  nor  Alps, 
Separates  the  world  so  as  the  bishops'  scalps; 
Stretch   for  the  line  their  surcingle  alone, 
'Twill  make  a  more  uninhabitable  zone. 
259 


The  frieiully  loadstone  has  not  more  combined, 

Than  bishops'  cramped  the  commerce  of  mankind. 

Had  it  not  been  for  such  a  bias  strong, 

Two  nations  ne'er  had  missed  the  mark  so  long. 

The  world  in  awe  doth  but  two  nations  bear. 

The  good,  the  bad,  and  these  mixed  everywhere; 

Under  each  pole  place  either  of  these  two, 

The  bad  will  basely,  good  will  bravely  do; 

And  few,  indeed,  can  parallel  our  climes, 

For  worth  heroic,  or  heroic  crimes. 

The  trial  would,  however,  be  too  nice. 

Which  stronger  were,  a  Scotch  or  English  vice; 

Or  whether  the  same  virtue  would  reflect, 

From  Scotch  or  English  heart,  the  same  effect. 

Nation  is  all,  but  name,  a  Shibboleth, 

Where  a  mistaken  accent  causes  death. 

In  Paradise  names  only  nature  showed. 

At  Babel  names  from  pride  and  discord  flowed; 

And  ever  since  then,  with  a  female  spite, 

First  call  each  other  names,  and  then  they  fight. 

Scotland  and  England  cause  of  just  uproar; 

Do  man  and  wife  signify  rogue  and  whore? 

Say  but  a  Scot  and  straight  we  fall  to  sides; 

That  syllable  like  a  Picts'  wall  divides. 

Rational  men's  words  pledges  are  of  peace; 

Perverted,  serve  dissension  to  increase. 

For  shame!  extirpate  for  each  loyal  breast 

That  senseless  rancour,  against  interest; 

One  king,  one  faith,  one  language,  and  one  isle, 

English  and  Scotch,  'tis  all  but  cross  and  pile. 

Charles,  our  great  soul,  this  only  understands; 

He  our  aflfections  both,  and  wills,  commands; 

And  where  twin-sympathies  cannot  atone. 

Knows  the  last  secret,  how  to  make  us  one. 

Just  the  prudent  husl)andman  that  sees 
Tlie  idle  tumult  of  his  factious  bees, 
The  morning  dews,  and  flowers,  neglect  grown, 
The  hive  a  comb-case,  every  bee  a  drone. 
Powders  them  o'er,  till  none  discerns  his  foes, 
And  all  themselves  in  meal  and  friendship  lose; 
The  insect  kingdom  straight  begins  to  thrive, 
And  all  work  honey  for  the  common  hive. 
260 


Pardon,  young  hero,  this  so  long  transport, 
Thy  death  more  noble  did  the  same  extort. 
My  former  satire  for  this  verse  forget, 
My  fault  against  my  recantation  set. 
I  single  did  against  a  nation  write, 
Against  a  nation  thou  didst  singly  fight. 
My  differing  crimes  do  more  thy  virtue  raise. 
And,  such  my  rashness,  best  thy  valour  praise. 

Here  Douglas  smiling  said  he:  did  intend. 
After  such  frankness  shown,  to  be  his  friend; 
Forewarned  hhn  therefore,  lest  in  time  he  were 
Metempsychosed  to  some  Scotch  Presbyter. 
Poems  of  Andrew  Marvell,  G.  A.  Aitken,  London,  1892. 

Vol.  1.  p.  162 


361 


B  I  BL 10  GR APH Y 

Bishop  Percy  on  Cleveland  in  the  "Biographia  Bri- 
tannica" :  edited  by  Andrew  Kippis,  Lond.^  1784,  Vol.  3, 
p.  628.  This  is  by  far  the  most  complete  and  satisfac- 
tory account. 

John  Nichols:  "History  of  Hinckley/'  Lond.,  1783, 
p.  135;  "History  of  Leicestershire,"  Ap.  40,  Vol.  3; 
"Select  Collection,"  Vol.  7. 

Granger's  Biographical  Dictionary;  this  article  was 
reviewed  by  Guthrie  in  the  Critical  Review,  Vol.  27, 
p.  424. 

Cooper's  "Annals  of  Cambridge." 

Baker:  "History  of  the  College  of  St.  John":  ed.  by 
J.  E.  B.  Mayor. 

Thurloe's  "State  Papers." 

Letters  in  the  Loughborough  Advertiser,  Apr.  18,  25, 
and  May  2,  1872;  signed  "W."  (W.  S.  Dymock- 
Fletcher.) 

Masson's  "Life  of  Milton." 

Chalmer's  "English  Poets,"  1813,  Vol.  IX.,  p.  468. 

Ebsworth  on  Cleveland  in  the  "Dictionary  of  National 
Biography." 

Sir  Egerton  Bridges'  "Restituta,"  Vol.  4,  p.  225,  256. 

Clinton  Scollard  in  the  "Dial"  (Ch.)   14:  268. 

Edwin  Goadby,  "Gentleman's  Magazine,"  10:  205. 

"Retrospective  Review,"  Vol.  XIL,  p.  123,  1825. 
Bell,  R.  Lit.  &  Sci.  men.,  2:  188. 

The  seventeenth  century  lives  are  inaccurate  but  val- 
uable in  showing  current  opinions. 


Fuller's  "Worthies  of  England,"  Co.  Leicestersliire. 

David  Lloyd's  "Memoirs  of  the  Lives,  Actions,  Suffer- 
ings, and  Deaths  of  Those  Noble,  Reverend,  and  Excel- 
lent Personages,  That  Suffered  by  Death,  Sequestration, 
Decimation,  or  Otherwise,  for  the  Protestant  Religion, 
and  the  great  Principle  thereof.  Allegiance  to  their 
Sovereign,  in  our  late  Intestine  Wars,  from  the  Year 
1637  to  the  Year  I66O,"  Lond.,  I668,  p.  6l7. 

David  Lloyd's  "State-Worthies:  or,  the  Statesmen  and 
Favorites  of  England  from  the  Reformation  to  the  Rev- 
olution," Lond.,  1666,  p.  504. 

Eachard,  p.  735,  gives  the  same  facts. 

Anthony  Wood's  "Thenae  Oxonienses,"  Lond.,  1731, 
p.  27-i,  Vol.  I.  of  the  Fasti. 

Aubrey's  "Brief  Lives";  ed.  by  Andrew  Clark,  Ox- 
ford, 1898,  Vol.  L,  p.  174. 

Winstanley's  "Lives  of  the  Most  Famous  Englisii 
Poets,"  Lond.,  1687,  p.  172. 

This  is  the  scanty  list  of  the  chief  works  bearing  on 
the  subject;  of  course  there  are  many  scattered  refer- 
ences which  it  is  needless  to  mention. 


26S 


INDEX 

INDEX  OF  FIRST  LINES  OF  POEMS. 

PAGE 

All  hail  to  the  poetic  gleek, 174 

And  why  so  coffined  in  this  vile  disguise, 160 

Astrologers  say,   Venus   the  self  same  star, 112 

Be  dumb  you  beggars  of  the  rhyming  trade, 73 

Come  hither,  Apollo's  bouncing  girl, 109 

England's  a  perfect  world;  hath  Indies  too, 187 

Flea-bitten  synod,  an  assembly  brewed, 142 

For   shame,   thou   everlasting   wooer, 78 

Hang   out   a  flag,   and   gather   pence-apiece, 139 

Here  lies  wise  and  valiant  dust, 184 

How  Providence?    and  yet   a  Scottish  crew, 146 

I  like  not  tears  in  tune  nor  do  I  prize, 100 

I  need  no  muse  to  give  my  passion  vent, 151 

In  faith,  'tis  true  I  am  in  love, 186 

I   saw  a  vision  yesternight, 66 

Is  it  come  to  this?    What  shall  the  cheeks  of  Fame,     .     .  181 

Ladies   that   gild    the   glittering   noon, 158 

Nature's   confectioner,    the   bee, 63 

Nor  scapes  he  so;  our  dinner  was  so  good, 90 

O  that  I  could  but  vote  myself  a  poet, 130 

Peace,  Beldam-  Eve,   surcease  thy  suit, 87 

Problem  of  sexes,  must  thou  likewise  be, 97 

Proceed   in   thy    brave   rage, 177 

Returned,  I'll  ne'er  believe  't;  first  prove  him  hence,     .     .  127 

Sir,   or   Madame,  choose  you  whether, 94 

Sir  Roger  from  a  zealous  piece  of  frieze, 119 

Since  'tis  my  doom,   Love's  undershrieve, YO 

Smectymnuus !    The  goblin  makes  me  start, 123 

Stand  off  and  let  me  take  the  air, 85 

Stay,  should  I   answer.  Lad}',  then, 83 

The  Muses'  fairest  light  in  no  dark  time, 176 

The  sluggish   morn   as   yet   undressed, 80 

Thou  that  by  ruin  dost  repair, 193 

'Tis  no  coranto-news  I   undertake, 106 

264 


Were  not  my  faith  buoyed  up  by  scared  blood,  , 
What's  a  Protector?  He's  a  stately  tiling,  .  , 
When  as  the  nightingale  chanted  her  vespers,  . 
When  as  the  nightingale  sang  Pluto's  matins, 
Who  first  reformed  our  stage  with  just  est  laws. 
With  hair  in  characters  and  lugs  in  text,     .     . 


PAGE 

195 
185 
102 
104 
1T5 
154 


INDEX  TO  NOTES. 

PAGE  LIXE 

Abbess  of  the  Skies, 66  11 

Achilles, 95  51 

Acteon, 93  74 

Adamites,       66  6 

Adoniram,  tribe  of, 155  20 

Advow'son, 70  3 

Ajax, 91  29 

Amphitryon 97  19 

Amsterdam,  Lust's 135  133 

Ana, 142  2 

Ap,        123  4 

Athos,  Mount, 134  109 

Aums   ace, 97  4 

Babies   in   eyes, 95  31 

Bandoleers,       154  4 

Barnaby,  toll-man, 107  20 

Bells   ringing   backward, 130  18 

Bilbo    Blade, 131  31 

Bilked,        126  90 

Blatant    Beast,        163 

Bloody  Oysters, 120 

Booker, 120 

Boutesel,         69  75 

Bowles,   Oliver,       }^^ 

Budge,       

Bushel's  Wells,       151 

Cacus, }^^ 

CfEsar,        

Caligula, 125  63 

Callow  curse, 1^^  ''^ 

Calot   Leather-cap, 1^^  1^ 

Candy,        "^^  ^^ 

265 


74 

34 

35" 

75 

79 

161  19 

8 
23 

140         29-30 


PAGE  LIKE 

Card 149  76 

C'-rthcti'e,  sic.  c  ol 133  35 

C-itaJine, 121  58 

Children's   Threes,       119  Q 

C:assif,        156  41 

Collegiates, 147  44 

Comniendain, 128  20 

Compurgators, 98  37 

Conclave, 126  84 

Conster, 119  12 

Conventicle, 126  84 

Coranto, 106  1 

Crisped, 71  34 

Cuirassier 79  38 

J)anae,        65  78 

Demicastors,        157  1 

Devil's  cloven  hoof, 131  22 

Distrain, 63  11 

Diurnal, 134  95 

Donative 97  16 

Don   Quixote, 123  19 

Dubs, 79  22 

Ducatoons, 155  32 

Dun  the  horse, 104  15 

Easter-book,       106  16 

Ela,         74  25 

Elsyng,    Henry, 130  11 

Epicene, 105  27 

Essex,  Robert,  Earl  of, 131  45 

Eve,  from  Adam's  rib 94  12 

Falstaff, 135  116 

Familiar,         65  54 

Fielding,  Earl  of  Denbigh, 144  68 

Fiennes,  I^ord  Say  and  Sele,       144  71 

Fifth  of  November,        120  42 

Foins,    reViated,        70  9 

Frieze,         , 119  1 

Gaffer,        106  15 

Galliard, 96  57 

(iarnet.    Father, 120  40 

Gauntlet 95  48 

266 


PAGE  LINE 

Gavelkind, 1-24,  34, 

Gibeon,       165  123 

Glyn,  John, 136  153 

God's  diggers, 121  53 

Gog  and  Magog, I39  7 

Golden   Legend 84  48 

Good  old  cause, 149  99 

Gotham, 76  89 

Grantham   Steeple,           153  50 

Green-sickness,        79  26 

Gregorian  Account, 70  18 

Gripe, 71  47 

Grogoram, 107  30 

Gustavus  Adolphus, 132  68 

Hans-in-keldar, 97  22 

Hazelrig,  Sir  Arthur, 136  144 

Heriot,        71  44 

Hesperian  Apples, 92  54 

Heteroclite,         96  59 

Hippocrene, .  109  9 

Hopkins,         90  5 

Huntingdon  Colt,        130  9 

Hyperbolus,         150  115 

Impropriation,         •     .     .    , 97  12 

Ineeptor,        107  29 

Incubus, 104  9 

fcigeny 103  36 

Isoculate,        64  34 

lo, 92  60 

Issachar, 139  11 

Jacob's  flock, 142  13 

Jacob's  staff, 73  18 

John-a-Nokes, Ill  4'7 

John-a-stiles, 143  44 

Julian   Account, 70  17 

Kimbolton,  Edward  Montagu,  Lord, 137  180 

King,  Edward,        100 

La-bee,        =     ...  109  15 

Lancepesade, •     •  65  62 

Laplanders, 163  77 

Lawj'er, HO  41 

267 


PAGE  LIKE 

Lecturer's   wrought  cap, 139  4 

Lero  and  Alphonso, 88  28 

Linsey-woolsey,        143  52 

Liquorish,        90  2 

Literal  and  Equitable  Sense, 131  20 

Livery  and  Seizin, .  Ill  4G 

Long  wasted, 110  26 

Lunsford,  Sir  Thomas,        135  123 

!  Manchester,    Earl   of, 161  32 

.  Mandrakes, 105  25 

Margaret — Professor, 107  26 

Marshall,  Stephen, 147  21 

Martin,  Sir  Thomas, 139  10 

Maynard,  Sir  John, 136  153 

Metal  on  metal, 140  25 

Monmouth-cap,        109  9 

Montrose,  James  Graham,  Earl  of 148  51 

Morglay, 91  39 

Murnival, 123  20 

Neck-verse, 143  46 

New   England, 106  3 

Niobe, 78  12 

Og, 98  35 

Organs  at  Cambridge, 107  33 

Ostend,  siege  of, 71  26 

Palmer,   Herbert,        144  72 

Pandora, 133  75 

Parricide,        65  82 

Pattens, 104  3 

Pelops,        71  42 

Pembroke,  Philip  Herbert,  Earl  of, 144  53 

Pence-apiece, 139  1 

Pennington,   Isaac, 133  79 

Perillus, 185  6 

Phillip  and  Mary  shilling, 96  66 

Phylacteries,        137  170 

Pickeering, 68  67 

Picts, 150  112 

Pigwidgeon,         146  12 

Platonic  loves, 78  20 

Play-book  Oaths, lOT  39 

268 


PAGE  LINE 

Plots, 135  138 

Plurality  of  livings, 97  n 

Pomfret,  Su., 104  8 

Pope,  Joan, 99  52 

Porphery  Chair, 98  51 

Postil, 73  7 

Pottle, 109  12 

Prentices'  Petition,           125  55 

Priscian, 140  29 

Public  Faith, 133  71. 

Pygmalion, 78  10 

Pym, 135  126 

Quarry, 78  U 

Quartans,        76  83 

Queen  Mother, 126  95 

Quick, 75  57 

Ravaillac,        65  70 

Regealing, 71  48 

Rovers,       148  67 

Royston  Crows, 142  19 

Rundlets,        « 101  51 

Sadness 145  79 

St.  Peter's  Shadow, 136  157 

Satin-cap,        110  33 

Sconce,       120  30 

Scots'  Eating  Pork, 92  50 

Seeker*, 66  3 

Selden,        145  88 

Self-Denying  Ordinance, 162  38 

Sellenger's  Round, 107  34 

Set-h's  Pillars, 153  18 

Shaker,       66  3 

Shotten, 119  7 

Silenced  minister, 83  16 

Skew-bald, 131  48 

Skilt, 123  3 

Smec, 140  22 

Smoke  following  the  Fair, 85  3 

Sob,        98  44 

Soland  Geese, 150  126 

Span, 70  16 

269 


PAGE  LINE 

Square-cap, 109  8 

Stagirite,         101  27 

Stammel,         106  10 

Sturbridge  Fair, 124  29 

Buckets, 63  2 

Sun  dancing  at  Easter, 158  3 

Superfetation, 132  56 

Thomas,  Sir,  his  leas, 110  22 

Thyestes,    ...     4 92  48 

Tincture, 63  13 

Transpiring,       63  20 

Tredescant, 139  6 

Tup,        90  16 

Tympany,       139  3 

Undershrieve, 70  1 

Valentine  and  Orson, 139  14 

Vatican  burned, 101  46 

Venter,       68  62 

Voider,        139  16 

Wee-bit, 121  52 

Wharton,  Philip,  Lord, 131  42 

Whinyard, 91  25 

White   Powder,       131  39 

Windsor's  Hospital, 139  18 

Woolpack, 142  4 

Xerxes,  bridge  of, 100  112 


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